Jurnal Pertahanan : Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism dan Integrity
Jurnal Pertahanan is published quarterly in April, August and December, it aimed to provide research articles in order to have a significant implication to the world of defense strategy. The Journal's primary objective is to bridge the gap between theory and practice in defense studies. Every article contains empirical results, research methods, managerial implication and latest references from primary sources. The Journal is highly relevant to all professionals, directors, managers, entrepreneurs, professors, academic researchers and graduate students in the field of international defense strategy studies. Jurnal Pertahanan published articles on international defense strategy and defense managements. Topics with theoretical or practical appeal or a mixture of both. Jurnal Pertahanan publishes scientific work of military, academics and observers in the common defense strategy and defense management.
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<![CDATA[PROTECTING INDONESIA'S SOVEREIGNTY THROUGH CIVIC ENGAGEMENT IN THE TEMAJUK VILLAGE BORDER AREA ]]>
<![CDATA[Thomy Sastra Atmaja]]>;
<![CDATA[Shilmy Purnama]]>;
<![CDATA[Jagad Aditya Dewantara]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhamad Supriadi]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi ttg Kajian & Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism & Integrity Vol 8, No 3 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[The Republic of Indonesia Defense University ]]>
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DOI: 10.33172/jp.v8i3.1775
<![CDATA[This study aims to determine the involvement of the society in maintaining and protecting the sovereignty of the Border region in Temajuk. Camar Bulan Subvillage, Temajuk Village, is an area in West Kalimantan Province that is directly adjacent to Malaysia. Under these conditions, this area was once claimed by the state of Malaysia and had become a concern of the public or government. The claim was made by the Malaysian state by establishing 2 lighthouses in the waters of Camar Bulan Sub village. Fortunately, the case was resolved through peace negotiations between countries. After the claim, the community responded to this problem by voluntarily involving themselves in maintaining the boundaries of state sovereignty. The approach used is qualitative and descriptive method. Data sources of the research consisted of Village Officials (Village heads), border guard volunteers (border stake guard officers and border youth), and the people living in the Temajuk border area of West Kalimantan. Data analysis techniques include data collection, data reduction, data presentation, dan conclusion/verification. The results obtained include: (1) society involvement in the Indonesia-Malaysia border has been actively involved in various social and political activities as a form of defending the country; and (2) supporting factors in maintaining the sovereignty of Indonesia's territory in the border areas, namely public awareness is high enough to maintain the sovereignty of the Indonesian border include the existence of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, society awareness to maintain sovereignty as the highest authority holder, society cooperation with various authorities in maintaining the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. ]]>
<![CDATA[APPLICATION OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA ON ILLEGAL FISHING SURVEILLANCE FOR SUPPORTING MARITIME SECURITY (CASE STUDY: NORTH NATUNA SEA) ]]>
<![CDATA[Raymundus Putra Situmorang]]>;
<![CDATA[Yosy Gustasya]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhammad Afrisal]]>;
<![CDATA[Supriyadi Supriyadi]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi ttg Kajian & Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism & Integrity Vol 8, No 3 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[The Republic of Indonesia Defense University ]]>
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DOI: 10.33172/jp.v8i3.1845
<![CDATA[The North Natuna Sea is full of illegal fishing and endangers Indonesia's maritime security. This is because fishery resources/fishery potential in the Natuna Sea is estimated to be worth IDR 5.32 trillion annually. In addition to the potential wealth of fisheries, the strategic location of the Natuna Sea is also the cause of rampant conflicts and illegal fishing activities in this region. Analysis of illegal fishing monitoring in the North Natuna Sea and the use of oceanographic data (sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a) to monitor illegal fishing in the North Natuna Sea are the two main objectives of this research. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The results of this study are that surveillance of illegal fishing in the North Natuna Sea has been carried out by the Indonesian Navy, the Indonesian Maritime Security Agency (Bakamla RI), and the Directorate General of Supervision and Control of Marine Resources and Fisheries of the Indonesian Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries with their duties and functions each. However, this is still not optimal because institutional capacity in supervision is still limited (facilities, human resources, and operational funds). Further findings indicate that oceanographic data has not been used optimally. This is because each agency has a different way of supervision. Automatic Identification Systems and Ship Monitoring Systems are technologies used by each agency in terms of surveillance. Therefore the implementation of illegal fishing surveillance by utilizing oceanographic data can be applied. This can make monitoring more optimal because by using oceanographic data it can be known directly where the potential fishing zones are. For this reason, an open oceanographic database center that can be accessed by various research institutions in Indonesia needs to be established immediately to facilitate the collection or utilization of data by institutions or researchers.]]>
<![CDATA[THE EFFECT OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP OF EDUCATION CENTER COMMANDERS TOWARDS READINESS FOR CHANGE IN EDUCATORS AT THE INDONESIAN ARMY EDUCATION CENTER ]]>
<![CDATA[Hadi Guntoro]]>;
<![CDATA[Endah Andriani Pratiwi]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi ttg Kajian & Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism & Integrity Vol 8, No 3 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[The Republic of Indonesia Defense University ]]>
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DOI: 10.33172/jp.v8i3.1778
<![CDATA[The Indonesian Army (Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Darat or TNI AD) must have good quality education to face challenges in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0, so military educators must be ready to change and develop learning innovations that are in line with the current needs of the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI). Transformational leadership is the most appropriate leadership style for change effectiveness. This study focuses on how transformational leadership affects educators' readiness to change learning methods. This research is a deductive quantitative research using a non-experimental design with a causal type of research. The research subjects are 174 military educators. The primary data collection strategy was a questionnaire. The questionnaire is an adaptation of Angela Ganni's questionnaire based on the theory of Bass & Riggio for transformational leadership while the readiness of the educators for change is based on the theory of Holt. Data analysis using multiple regression and descriptive statistics. The results showed that transformational leadership has no significant effect on military educators’ readiness to change. Leaders did not give personal attention and treated each member individually. Most of the military educators’ readiness to change was found in the medium category.]]>
<![CDATA[INDONESIA–AUSTRALIA MARITIME COOPERATION AND ITS IMPLICATION ON INDONESIA’S MARITIME SECURITY AND SOVEREIGNTY ]]>
<![CDATA[Arcelinocent Emile Pangemanan]]>;
<![CDATA[Anak Agung Banyu Perwita]]>;
<![CDATA[Sudibyo Sudibyo]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi ttg Kajian & Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism & Integrity Vol 8, No 3 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[The Republic of Indonesia Defense University ]]>
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DOI: 10.33172/jp.v8i3.1870
<![CDATA[Global Maritime Fulcrum (GMF) has provided a roadmap for realizing Indonesia’s maritime security and sovereignty with an active contribution regionally and globally. The research method used in this research is content analysis, which is an approach in qualitative research that in research that refers to systematic data and text collections that can be managed to support the research itself. The rise of transnational maritime crime has a major impact on why Indonesia and Australia are keen on building trust through maritime cooperation, for it has the potential to disrupt and threaten national development, therefore this research aims to the mapped diplomatic mechanism through GMF, as a framework that hostess Indonesia–Australia Maritime Cooperation and its plan of actions in ensuring Indonesia’s maritime security and sovereignty. The maritime cooperation between Indonesia and Australia has improved the integrated defense and security capabilities of both countries through capacity building, although the plan of action will end in 2022, therefore harnessing the longevity of the maritime cooperation is considered crucial.  ]]>
<![CDATA[THE ROLE OF LEADERSHIP AND SOFT-SKILLS COMPETENCIES OF THE PERFORMANCE AT THE FACILITY AND CONSTRUCTION UNIT INDONESIAN ARMED FORCES ]]>
<![CDATA[Widya Arti Anggraini]]>;
<![CDATA[Nugroho B Sukamdani]]>;
<![CDATA[Tatan Sukwika]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi ttg Kajian & Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism & Integrity Vol 8, No 3 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[The Republic of Indonesia Defense University ]]>
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DOI: 10.33172/jp.v8i3.1779
<![CDATA[One of the work units under the Indonesian Armed Forces Headquarters Detachment (Detasemen Markas Besar Tentara Nasional Indonesia or Denma Mabes TNI) organization is the Facility and Construction Unit of Indonesian Armed Forces known as the Facility and Construction of Indonesian Armed Forces. The Facility and Construction of the Indonesian Armed Force shipment of construction materials have been delayed as a result of the COVID-19 outbreak. Furthermore, the working-from-home (WFH) implementation affects the restrictions on collaboration and communication between leaders and participants. The existence of a leadership role supported by good soft-skills competencies, and career development, is expected to improve the performance of Indonesian Armed Force members. This study aims to determine the actual impact of leadership, soft-skills competencies, and career development on the performance of TNI members at the Facility and Construction of the Indonesian Armed Force. The study's findings revealed that soft-skills competencies and leadership characteristics directly impacted member performance. Additionally, a strong direct impact on professional development and soft-skills competencies on career development was discovered. It is well-organized that the leadership variable's influence on performance during career growth is insignificant in the indirect effect. On the other hand, the soft-skills competencies variable has a major impact on performance across career growth. This study concludes that organizational members' career growth and performance can be influenced by leadership and soft-skills competencies in the facility Construction of the Indonesian Armed Forces while leadership characteristics have no substantial impact on performance, career development as an intervening variable has a considerable impact on soft-skills competencies. Organizational performance improvement policies can be achieved through the career development of Indonesian Armed Forces (TNI) members. Capacity-building efforts can focus on leadership and soft-skills competencies. ]]>
<![CDATA[INDONESIA’S STRATEGY AND DIPLOMACY IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA CONFLICT ]]>
<![CDATA[Ahmad Zainal Mustofa]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi ttg Kajian & Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism & Integrity Vol 8, No 3 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[The Republic of Indonesia Defense University ]]>
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DOI: 10.33172/jp.v8i3.1773
<![CDATA[This study describes the government's strategy in Indonesia under the leadership of Joko Widodo to strengthen the Natuna border area. The Natuna area is a point of discussion as there are often territorial conflicts. This study aims to answer the question about the government's strategy to strengthen the border zone in Natuna. This study uses library research methodology and the Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) concept to analyze the process. After conducting research, it can be concluded that to reinforce the border area at Natuna, the government is making efforts to improve the military posture by constructing several new military units. Then the government is also looking at diplomatic means in the ASEAN region to resolve the territorial dispute with China in the South China Sea. This is because there is no mutual agreement, considering that Indonesia is based on the 1982 UNCLOS, while China has a view of the Nine-Dash Line. ]]>
<![CDATA[THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INDONESIAN DEFENSE INDUSTRY BY USING SYSTEMS THINKING APPROACH ]]>
<![CDATA[Kasim Kasim]]>;
<![CDATA[George Royke Deksino]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi ttg Kajian & Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism & Integrity Vol 8, No 3 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[The Republic of Indonesia Defense University ]]>
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DOI: 10.33172/jp.v8i3.1770
<![CDATA[The independence of the national defense industry is crucial in supporting the national defense system to ensure the survival and existence of the nation and state through its impact on defense capability, and national economic, and technological development. But until now there are still phenomena that show the weaknesses of the national defense industry, both in concept and practice. This study aims to explain and analyze the weaknesses of the national defense industry and propose recommendations for solutions to overcome these problems. This study uses a qualitative approach, a methodology that involves interpretation to understand and explain certain phenomena. The analytical tool used is systems thinking, which can see this phenomenon in a bigger, dynamic, and interrelated picture through a system model. The results of this study indicate that the problem we are facing includes a small defense industry’s budget, lacking resources and technology, the need for raw materials, and pseudo-practices by the domestic defense industry. The proposed solution system model demonstrates how to develop the national defense industry by implementing the mandate of (Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 16 of 2012 Concerning the Defense Industry), introducing defense product innovation through national and international defense industry exhibitions to increase investment opportunities, and implementing (Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 11 of 2020 Concerning Job Creation) to involve private industry in the development of a strategic defense industry. Finally, the independence of the national defense industry will realize operational readiness into real operational capabilities, so that the independence of national defense will be achieved and the integrity of the sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia will be maintained. This condition will immediately build the spirit of nationalism of Indonesian citizens. ]]>
<![CDATA[ARTIST'S ROLE IN STRENGTHENING INDONESIA'S NATIONAL DEFENSE (DEFENSE SOCIOLOGY STUDIES IN A DIGITAL SOCIETY) ]]>
<![CDATA[Bartoven Vivit Nurdin]]>;
<![CDATA[Sindi Utami]]>;
<![CDATA[Damar Wibisono]]>;
<![CDATA[Ifaty Fadliliana Sari]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi ttg Kajian & Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism & Integrity Vol 8, No 3 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[The Republic of Indonesia Defense University ]]>
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DOI: 10.33172/jp.v8i3.1851
<![CDATA[The sense of nationalism in citizens of Indonesia has been degraded along with the influence of globalization and digitalization, which also has implications for the decreasing awareness of State Defense. The Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Indonesia has carried out innovation by launching the 'Ngopi (Ngobrol Pintar) Daring Bela Negara' or Online Smart Talk in State Defense program a breakthrough from this program is to make artists a model for defending the country. Artists are figures who are close to social media and digital society. This study aims to analyze the artist as a symbol of national defense. This study uses the grand theory from Karl Marx and the main theory about symbolic interpretation by Geertz (1973). This study uses a qualitative approach and data collection techniques with in-depth interviews and observations. The study results show that artists were chosen to be models in the program because artists are seen as symbols that have meaning in building a sense of nationalism, especially for the younger generation in today's digital society. Artists have a significant role in influencing people's attitudes and behavior, especially the younger generation, in fostering a sense of nationalism which currently tends to access a lot of social media. These artists define Defending the Country according to their achievements in their respective fields of expertise so that the digital community feels motivated and moved to participate in spreading the spirit and values of Defending the Country. This program is considered to provide a different color and is successful enough to be held on an ongoing basis.]]>
<![CDATA[NUSANTARA IN FRONT OF MAKASSAR STRAIT: A REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW OF THE SEA ]]>
<![CDATA[Judhariksawan Judhariksawan]]>;
<![CDATA[Aidir Amin Daud]]>;
<![CDATA[Edmondus Sadesto Tandungan]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi ttg Kajian & Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism & Integrity Vol 8, No 3 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[The Republic of Indonesia Defense University ]]>
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DOI: 10.33172/jp.v8i3.1847
<![CDATA[Relocation of the national capital of Indonesia to the Borneo region is not only fraught with considerations of the socio-economic, political, and physical environment. The safety factor is also a very important aspect because the capital city is the center of gravity of the country. Nusantara, the new capital city, directly faces the Makassar Strait which has been designated as an archipelagic sea lane. An archipelagic sea lane must be subject to the international law of the sea, especially the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982. Foreign voyages and flights have the right of normal mode and continuous passage through archipelagic sea lanes. Therefore, they cannot be blocked. The right of passage is not only granted to merchant ships but also to military ships and even submarines. The extent of the security threat to the capital due to the abovementioned legal regime is analyzed by normative legal research, using a conceptual approach to the legal norms governing the sea lane. This study aims to provide an overview of the legal norms that apply to the Makassar Strait as a consideration in developing a defense and security strategy for the national capital, the archipelago. In conclusion, Nusantara in the Makassar Strait must pay attention to the international law of the sea norms in preparing the defense and security strategy for the new national capital city.]]>
<![CDATA[COSTLY-DEFENSE SYSTEMS VERSUS PRODUCTIVE INVESTMENTS: THE CASE OF SINGAPORE’S 1st GENERATION MILITARY BUILD-UP (THE 1960s-1980s) ]]>
<![CDATA[Wirawan Hanindito Wicaksono]]>;
<![CDATA[Ruslan Arief]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi ttg Kajian & Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism & Integrity Vol 8, No 3 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[The Republic of Indonesia Defense University ]]>
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DOI: 10.33172/jp.v8i3.1726
<![CDATA[Choosing a costly defense over an economically productive investment is always a nightmare for national policymakers. Despite the dilemma, Singapore came up as an anomaly with its decision in investing a remarkable amount of defense budget, reaching 4.5% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and ranging around 15-30% of its annual government spending and still succeeding in developing its economy, while some do not. Therefore, drawing from what happened in the early period of Singapore’s independence, this study aims to figure out how the country justified its decision to choose a costly defense investment over a productive investment during this period and how the Singapore government decided to spend almost 40% of its annual budget on defense. Through historical analysis and literature studies, this study finds that the decision to choose a costly defense investment over an economically productive investment is justifiable under specific circumstances: first, when a nation deals with threats that would cost the nation future and survivability; second, the ability to implement the policy effectively and efficiently; third, is the ability to set how much is enough, the top limit of defense investment; and fourth, the existence of potential economic benefits. ]]>
