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INDONESIA
JOURNAL SPORT AREA
Published by Universitas Islam Riau
ISSN : 2527760X     EISSN : 2528584X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Education,
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Sport Area publishes research journals and critical analysis studies in the areas of Sport Education, Sports Coaching and Sports Science. The theme of the paper covers: Learning Physical Education and Sport, Sport Pedagogy, Sports Sociology, Sport Psychology, Sports Coaching, Sports Science, Sports Management, Sports Biomechanics, Health Sports, Sports Philosophy, Sports Industry, and Sports Physiology.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 380 Documents
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Development and validation of an instrument to assess attacking tactical behavior in football Dahlan, Firmansyah; Hamzah, Fajri; Sihombing, Binsar Hasudungan; Burhan, Ahmad Syarif; Junaidi
Journal Sport Area Vol 10 No 3 (2025): December
Publisher : UIR Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/sportarea.2025.vol10(3).23989

Abstract

Background: Existing tactical assessment tools generally evaluate overarching game principles but lack positional specificity and do not integrate decision-making and execution within a coherent framework. Moreover, these instruments were developed outside the Indonesian context, creating a clear gap for a position-integrated tool tailored to the tactical demands of youth football in Indonesia. Objectives: Thusstudy aimed to develop and validate a new instrument for assessing attacking tactical behavior in youth football by incorporating positional roles and experience-level differences. Methods: The instrument was developed through content validation with seven experts using Aiken’s V. Construct validity was subsequently assessed via the known-groups method, involving 72 football players from a university club and youth teams. The instrument’s reliability was further evaluated through inter-rater reliability with three raters and test–retest reliability with 36 youth football players. Finding/Results: The instrument demonstrated excellent content validity (Aiken’s V = 0.952) and good discriminant validity, with college players scoring significantly higher than youth players. Reliability analyses indicated strong inter-rater (ICC = 0.837-0.939) and test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.801-0.923). Compared with other instruments, the tool offers greater positional detail and holistic integration of tactical behavior, enabling more context-specific evaluation of attacking actions. Conclusion: The instrument was found to be valid and reliable for assessing attacking tactics in youth football. Although the sample size was limited and the instrument development did not yet address defensive and transitional phases, these findings support further refinement and application in future research.
Training method and arm strength interactions in novice table tennis skill development: A factorial study Langitan, Fentje; Baan, Addriana Bulu; Podungge, Risna
Journal Sport Area Vol 10 No 3 (2025): December
Publisher : UIR Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/sportarea.2025.vol10(3).24210

Abstract

Background: Developing proficiency in the backhand drive is essential for novice table tennis players, yet identifying the most effective training methodologies remains a significant challenge. However, existing literature has predominantly examined training methods in isolation. There is a notable lack of empirical evidence regarding how these methods interact with individual physical attributes, leading to a potential gap in understanding effective personalized coaching strategies. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the interaction between two common training methods (wall bounce vs. pairing) and arm muscle strength (strong vs. weak) on the acquisition of backhand drive skills in novice players. Methods: A 2 × 2 factorial experimental design was employed over an eight-week period with 76 novice male university students (age 18-22). Participants were stratified into four groups based on the training method and arm muscle strength, which was assessed using a 30-second push-up test. Backhand drive ability was evaluated using a validated scoring rubric. Finding/Results: A two-way ANOVA revealed a significant main effects for training method (p < .043, ηp2 ​= 0.11) and arm muscle strength (p < .001, ηp2​ = 0.70), as well as an interaction effect between these factors on backhand drive performance (F(1.36) = 6.99, p < .05, ηp2​ = 0.16). Post-hoc analysis showed that the wall bounce method was significantly more effective for players with strong arm muscles (p < .05), whereas for players with weaker arm muscles, no significant difference was found between the two training methods (p > .05). Conclusion: The optimal training method for backhand drive development is contingent on the athlete's physical characteristics. This finding challenges the one-size-fits-all coaching paradigm and provides strong evidence for a personalized approach that matches training methodologies to the individual strength levels of athletes.
Development and validation of the pre-match anxiety scale for college futsal players (PMAS-CFP) Hardiansyah, Sefri; Hasibuan, Noval Pratama; Blegur, Jusuf; Syahriadi
Journal Sport Area Vol 10 No 3 (2025): December
Publisher : UIR Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/sportarea.2025.vol10(3).24300

Abstract

Background: Anxiety is a major psychological factor that significantly affects the performance of college futsal players, so coaches need to understand anxiety. However, existing anxiety scales are not explicitly developed for futsal and often overlook critical pre-match external stressors, such as the opponent’s reputation and audience pressure, which are highly influential in the futsal environment. As a result, pressure in these areas is still ignored. Objective: To develop an instrument that can measure the pre-match anxiety scale for college futsal players (PMAS-CFP). Methods: This study employed an R&D design, incorporating content validity, ICC testing, construct validity, and reliability testing. Fourteen items were designed using three indicators: concentration impairment, somatic anxiety, and worry. Findings/Results: Psychometric testing showed strong content validity (Aiken’s V = 0.67-0.96), acceptable ICC (0.550), adequate construct validity (factor loadings = 0.60-0.82), high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.922), good CFA loadings (0.667-0.946), composite reliability (CR = 0.965), and average variance extracted (AVE = 0.681). A total of 13 items met the required validity and reliability standards, consisting of concentration disorders (3 items), somatic anxiety (5 items), and worry (5 items). Conclusion: The PMAS-CFP is a valid and reliable tool for assessing pre-match anxiety in college futsal players, filling a gap in existing non-sport-specific anxiety measurements. This scale can help sports psychologists and coaches monitor athletes’ psychological readiness. Future studies are recommended to expand the use of this tool during and after matches, as well as to validate its use at broader levels of competition.
Contribution of martial arts participation to interpersonal intelligence in adolescents: An ex post facto study Alif, Muhammad Nur; Komarudin; Septiadi, Firman; Mulyana
Journal Sport Area Vol 10 No 3 (2025): December
Publisher : UIR Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/sportarea.2025.vol10(3).24353

Abstract

Background: Adolescence is a crucial stage for identity formation and social skill development, yet many adolescents struggle with emotional regulation and building healthy interpersonal relationships. Martial arts activities are known to instill discipline, respect, and cooperation, contributing to socio-emotional growth. However, empirical studies examining the direct relationship between martial arts participation and interpersonal intelligence especially in the Indonesian adolescent context remain limited. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the role of martial arts activities in supporting the development of adolescent interpersonal intelligence through the values of discipline, cooperation, and respect for others. Methods: This study used an ex post facto method with a quantitative approach. The subjects were 87 adolescents who actively participated in martial arts training in pencak silat, karate, and taekwondo in Bandung City. The instruments used included a martial arts activity questionnaire and a validated interpersonal intelligence scale. Findings/Results: The results of the compare mean analysis showed that the highest average score in interpersonal intelligence was found in the empathy indicator (M = 17.2; SD = 2.1), while in martial arts activities the highest was found in the activity type indicator (M = 13.4; SD = 2.2). In addition, the results of simple linear regression showed a 36.4% contribution of martial arts activities to interpersonal intelligence (R2 = 0.364; F = 122.77; p = 0.001). Conclusion: The findings indicate that martial arts participation contributes positively to adolescents’ socio-emotional development, particularly by strengthening interpersonal intelligence. This study provides an important contribution by offering empirical evidence for the role of sports-based character education in shaping interpersonal skills. However, the limited sample and the use of an ex post facto design reduce the generalizability and do not allow causal interpretation. Future research should involve larger and more diverse participants as well as stronger methodological designs to better understand how martial arts influence adolescents’ interpersonal development.
Effects of an eight-week neuromuscular training program on balance and reaction speed in collegiate hadang athletes: A controlled trial Zubaida, Ida; Yuniarti, Tricahyani Endah; Aqobah, Qory Jumrotul; Ramadhan, Abdul Al Aziz; Saniyyah, Sabrina Zahra Almaas
Journal Sport Area Vol 10 No 3 (2025): December
Publisher : UIR Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/sportarea.2025.vol10(3).25052

Abstract

Background: Hadang is a traditional Indonesian team sport that demands a high level of whole-body reaction time and unilateral postural control. Various training modalities have been shown to improve key physical components which collectively support performance in fast-paced games like the hadang. However, evidence on the effectiveness of neuromuscular training in this sport is limited. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of 8 weeks of neuromuscular training on balance and reaction speed in university-level Hadang athletes. Methods: A quasi-experimental, controlled pretest–posttest design with two parallel groups was used. Thirty athletes were allocated to either a neuromuscular training group (NTG; n = 15; 3 sessions/week for 8 weeks; ~30–40 minutes/session) or a control training group (CTG; regular training without neuromuscular training). Primary outcomes were unilateral balance and whole-body reaction time. Data were analyzed using 2 × 2 mixed-design ANOVA, with paired t-tests for simple effects. Findings/Results: Compared to CTG, NTG demonstrated significant improvements in balance and significant decreases in whole-body reaction time, while changes in CTG were not substantial. Conclusion: Eight weeks of structured neuromuscular training effectively improved balance and reaction time in college-level hadang athletes, with moderate effect sizes for balance and large effects for reaction time. Given its simplicity, minimal equipment requirements, and compatibility with standard training microcycles, neuromuscular training is worthy of adoption as a core, evidence-based component of performance periodization for hadang.
Self-efficacy and self-regulation in football athletes: The moderating role of happiness Shaleha, Aminatus; Jannah, Miftakhul
Journal Sport Area Vol 10 No 3 (2025): December
Publisher : UIR Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/sportarea.2025.vol10(3).25125

Abstract

Background: Self-regulation is a core psychological skill for football athletes because it enables them to maintain attention, manage emotions, and adjust behavior under competitive demands. Although self-efficacy is widely recognized as an important predictor of self-regulation, only a limited number of studies have examined whether positive affect, particularly happiness, moderates this relationship, leaving an empirical gap in understanding how cognitive and emotional resources interact in athlete functioning. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the influence of self-efficacy on self-regulation in football athletes and to test whether happiness moderates this association. Methods: A quantitative moderated regression design was used with 106 Indonesian male football athletes aged 14 to 22 years who were registered with professional or academy clubs. Data were collected using validated Indonesian versions of the Athlete Self-Efficacy Scale (ASES), the Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SRQ), and the short Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ). Measurement models demonstrated acceptable reliability and fit, and assumption checks indicated normal residuals, homoscedasticity, and no serious multicollinearity, supporting the use of Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). Finding/Results: The findings showed that both self-efficacy and happiness significantly and positively predicted self-regulation, and happiness significantly moderated (attenuated) the relationship between self-efficacy and self-regulation. The final model explained over half of the variance in self-regulation. Conclusion: Although the cross-sectional, self-report, and entirely male sample limits causal interpretation and generalizability, the results highlight the importance of integrating confidence building strategies with happiness enhancing approaches in psychological skills training for football athletes. Future research is encouraged to examine additional moderators using longitudinal or experimental approaches.
BMI, pre-exercise meal timing, and running performance in college students: A mediation model
Journal Sport Area Vol 11 No 1 (2026): April
Publisher : UIR Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/sportarea.2026.vol11(1).21520

Abstract

Background: Body Mass Index (BMI) is widely used as an indicator of body composition and nutritional status, yet its interaction with nutritional habits—particularly pre-exercise meal timing—remains underexplored among college students. Understanding these relationships is important for promoting active and healthy lifestyles within this population. Objectives: This study aims to test a mediation model in which pre-exercise meal timing serves as a potential mechanism linking BMI to running performance among college students. Methods: This quantitative study involved 213 college students who completed an online questionnaire reporting self-reported BMI, pre-exercise meal timing, and running pace (minutes per kilometre). Mediation analysis using the PROCESS macro (Model 4) in SPSS with bootstrapping procedures was applied to examine the mediating role of pre-exercise meal timing. Results: BMI was positively associated with running pace, indicating that higher BMI values were linked to slower running performance. The model explained 24.3% of the variance in running pace (R² = 0.243). The indirect effect of pre-exercise meal timing was minimal and not statistically significant (B = −0.004, 95% CI [−0.010, 0.001]), suggesting a limited mediating role. Students with higher BMI tended to consume meals closer to exercise time, reflecting potential behavioral differences. Conclusion: Although the mediating role of pre-exercise meal timing was negligible, BMI remained a significant predictor of running performance among college students. These findings suggest that physiological factors may play a more prominent role than short-term dietary timing in endurance outcomes. Campus health interventions may benefit from integrating body composition management with balanced nutritional strategies to enhance student fitness and well-being.
A research and development study of a game-based learning model: Effects on basketball skills and engagement in physical education
Journal Sport Area Vol 11 No 1 (2026): April
Publisher : UIR Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/sportarea.2026.vol11(1).21684

Abstract

Background: Traditional basketball instruction often emphasises isolated technical drills with limited game-based participation, which may reduce student engagement and hinder skill development. Despite growing interest in game-based learning (GBL), there is limited evidence on structured GBL models in higher education contexts, particularly in Indonesia. Objectives: This study aimed to develop and evaluate a game-based learning model to improve basketball skills and student engagement in physical education. Methods: A research and development (R&D) approach, adapted from Borg and Gall’s model, was employed, encompassing needs analysis, model design, expert validation, and field trials. The model’s effectiveness was assessed using a one-group pretest–posttest design with purposively sampled physical education students. Data were collected through standardised basketball skill tests (dribbling, passing, shooting), questionnaires, and interviews. Quantitative data were analysed using paired-sample t-tests (p < .05), while qualitative data were examined using thematic analysis. Results: In the small-scale trial (n = 30), students’ performance improved by 23.9% from pretest to posttest, with statistically significant differences and large effect sizes. The large-scale trial (n = 60) further confirmed the model’s effectiveness, showing significant improvements in basketball skills (t = 12.44, p < .001). Students also reported highly positive perceptions (M = 4.68, SD = 0.41), indicating strong engagement and acceptance of the GBL approach. Conclusion: The developed GBL model effectively enhances basketball skills, engagement, and learning experiences among physical education students. These findings support the integration of game-based approaches in sports instruction and highlight their potential for broader application in physical education contexts. Future research should examine long-term effects and applicability across different sports settings.
Emotion regulation and sport confidence among student athletes: The moderating role of gender
Journal Sport Area Vol 11 No 1 (2026): April
Publisher : UIR Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/sportarea.2026.vol11(1).25299

Abstract

Background: Academic pressure and competitive demands can cause psychological stress in student-athletes who are still in the stage of social-emotional development. This condition can affect their ability to regulate emotions and maintain sport confidence during competition. However, empirical evidence examining gender as a moderating factor in the relationship between emotion regulation and sport confidence among student-athletes remains limited. Objectives: The research goal is to examine the effect of emotion regulation on sport confidence, moderated by gender role among student athletes. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative design was employed involving 113 student athletes. Data analysis used the Moderation Regression Analysis (MRA) technique with gender as a moderating variable. Emotion regulation was measured using instruments from ERQ–Short Form and sport confidence from TRSCI. Results: The results indicated that emotion regulation ability is a significant predictor of sport confidence (p < 0.001); the better student athletes can regulate their emotions, the higher their level of sport confidence. Additionally, gender was found to significantly moderate this relationship (p = 0.028). The combined effects of emotion regulation and gender can explain 20.2% of the variation in sports confidence (R² = 0.202). Conclusion: This study concludes that emotional regulation ability is an important factor in sport confidence among student athletes, with differing effects based on gender. These findings have practical implications for sports mental coaches in designing gender-based emotional regulation training to improve student-athlete sport confidence, such as mindfulness training, and open opportunities for further research with a longitudinal approach and other psychological variables.
Modelling the coach-athlete relationship (CAR) on specific motor tasks and team performance
Journal Sport Area Vol 11 No 1 (2026): April
Publisher : UIR Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/sportarea.2026.vol11(1).25879

Abstract

Background: Motor tasks (MT) and team performance (TP) are important aspects for young basketball athletes. However, empirical evidence examining the mediating role of specific motor tasks in the relationship between coach–athlete relationships and team performance among youth basketball athletes remains limited. Objectives: Thus, our current study aims to investigate how CAR is related to MT and TP and how MT mediates TP. Methods: Our current study employed a cross-sectional design. We also recruited 180 young basketball players. The Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (CAR) was used to measure performance. This study employed Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysis. Results: We observed that CAR was significantly related to MT (β = 0.68, p < 0.001) and TP (β = 0.45, p < 0.001). In addition, we observed that MT mediated the effect directly with TP (β = 0.52, p < 0.001). Conclusion: We conclude in our findings that the quality of MT and TP is greatly influenced by CAR. Therefore, it is important for coaches to start focusing on the development of CAR in young basketball athletes. Therefore, this study contributes to the literature on how TP is significantly related to CAR and MT. Furthermore, the findings of this study provides valuable information for basketball coaches about the importance of CAR and MT for future athlete performance.

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