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TRANSBORDERS: International Relations Journal
Published by Universitas Pasundan
ISSN : 25987399     EISSN : 25989200     DOI : -
Core Subject : Humanities, Art, Social,
Arts Humanities Social Sciences
TransBORDERS: Internasional Relations Journal is a periodical international relations journal that is published twice a year (December and June). TransBORDERS: Internasional Relations Journal is managed and published by Laboratory of International Relations,Department, of International Relations Univesrsitas Pasundan Bandung. TransBORDERS: Internasional Relations Journal can be a reference and literature source for academician in International Relations area as it consists of articles and research reports on International Relations Issues. Articles and research reports are written by academicians, reserarchers, or students who are expert on its field like Security Studies, International Political Economy, International Regime, International Organization, Gender and International Relations, Diplomacy, Media and International Relations, etc.
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Articles 105 Documents
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Fostering China-ASEAN Relations Through E-Commerce Diplomacy: Lazada and Alibaba Erika Intan Hulieta; Deasy Silvia Sari
TRANSBORDERS: International Relations Journal Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): TransBorders: International Relations Journal
Publisher : Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23969/transborders.v9i1.13117

Abstract

The evolution of the digital economy in the wake of economic globalization has become a focal point for nations worldwide, shaping socio-economic development and fostering cross-border collaboration. This paper delves into the multifaceted role of e-commerce platforms, particularly Alibaba and Lazada, in fostering relations between China and ASEAN countries within the context of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and broader commercial diplomacy frameworks. Through a comprehensive literature review methodology, the study synthesizes theoretical frameworks from international relations and empirical evidence to elucidate the mechanisms driving cooperation between China and ASEAN nations in the realm of e-commerce. The findings underscore the pivotal role of digital infrastructure development, digital product manufacturing, and cross-border e-commerce facilitation in enhancing regional cooperation. China's strategic investments in ASEAN's digital infrastructure and manufacturing sector have catalyzed economic growth and deepened regional integration. Moreover, Alibaba's strategic acquisitions and partnerships, particularly with Lazada, have facilitated market expansion and strengthened China-ASEAN trade ties. The study also highlights the importance of policy coordination and institutional frameworks in fostering digital economy cooperation between China and ASEAN countries. Keywords: Alibaba; ASEAN-China Relations; E-Commerce; E-Commerce Diplomacy; Lazada
On Chinese Hegemony in Africa’s Development Agenda: A Critical Perspective on the Belt and Road Diemas Sukma Hawkins
TRANSBORDERS: International Relations Journal Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): TransBorders: International Relations Journal
Publisher : Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23969/transborders.v9i1.13174

Abstract

Using Cox’s Critical Theory of Hegemony and the Three Categories of Forces, this paper analyzes China’s strategy in developing a Sino-centric development agenda in Africa. First, it explores the history of China’s relationship with Africa and the shift from China’s relative isolationist approach to foreign policy to a more active role in global governance. Second, it explores the institutions developed in the twenty-first century that can support China’s global agenda such as BRICS, the African Union, and the Belt and Road, as well as the financial architecture China attempts to establish for an alternative global financial system. Finally, the paper explores China’s use of its material capabilities such as its financial wealth, industrial capabilities, and technological advancement to reshape Africa in a way that benefits its interests.
Paradiplomacy for Educational Development: The Case of Jakarta and New South Wales Muhammad; Daniel Christian Ariel Wibowo; Imaduddin Ahmad Hasibuan; Fathur Rahman
TRANSBORDERS: International Relations Journal Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): TransBorders: International Relations Journal
Publisher : Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23969/transborders.v9i1.15659

Abstract

The cooperative relationship between Jakarta and New South Wales can be categorised as paradiplomacy, given that both are sub-state actors within their respective countries. By emphasising development in the education sector, both actors occupy an equal position and derive mutual benefit from this cooperation. This research aims to examine how the outcomes of collaboration between these two regions have contributed to the development of education in each. The research employs a qualitative method, using internet-based research as its data collection technique, drawing on scholarly articles, journals, and news reports. The findings indicate that paradiplomacy between the two regions has contributed to improved social welfare in the field of education for both sub-state actors, manifested in the exchange of knowledge, teaching staff, and scholarships, as well as expanded opportunities to develop the capabilities of young people in both regions.
POLITICAL IDENTITY AND VIOLENCE: THE CASE OF BOSNIAN WAR Eriza Putri Tarita; Aviesta Mayvi Syahara Anshori; Virda Rahma Triana Zahra
TRANSBORDERS: International Relations Journal Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): TransBorders: International Relations Journal
Publisher : Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23969/transborders.v9i1.16064

Abstract

Political identity, once exploited through extreme nationalism and ethnic division, can escalate into violence and armed conflict, as demonstrated by the Bosnian War (1992–1995). The ethnic cleansing carried out by Bosnian Serb forces against Bosnian Muslims was driven by identity politics, as Serbian nationalist elites pursued an ethnically homogeneous territory following the dissolution of Yugoslavia. This case illustrates how ethnicity and religion can be instrumentalised to justify mass atrocity. The Dayton Agreement of 1995 ended the fighting but institutionalised power-sharing along ethnic lines, a structure that continues to hinder the formation of a cohesive national identity and that has produced political marginalisation for minority groups. A more inclusive framework is required to accommodate ethnic diversity while building a unified national identity. This article examines political identity and violence during the Bosnian War using identity politics theory and ethnic nationalism theory as its analytical framework. The study applies a qualitative method through a literature-based (library) research design
Singapore-US Relations 2004-2024: From the Perspective of International Relations Theories TRUONG HUE
TRANSBORDERS: International Relations Journal Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): TransBorders: International Relations Journal
Publisher : Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23969/transborders.v9i1.21777

Abstract

The relationship between small states and major powers within an asymmetric, anarchic international system is shaped by power disparities that constrain the autonomy of smaller nations. This study addresses the structural vulnerabilities Singapore faces in sustaining strategic autonomy amid escalating US-China rivalry in Southeast Asia. The central research question is: how did Singapore calibrate its foreign policy toward the United States between 2004 and 2024 to secure its core national interests without becoming locked into rigid alignment? Using a qualitative-descriptive method, the study conducts a content analysis of official policy documents, diplomatic statements, and international reports. The analytical framework draws on analytical eclecticism, integrating Realism (hedging), Liberalism (economic interdependence), and Constructivism (identity and the rules-based order). The findings show that Singapore has run an adaptive dual-hedging strategy: through Realism, it secured defense cooperation with the US to offset regional uncertainty; through Liberalism, it deepened trade interdependence and multilateral engagement via ASEAN; and through Constructivism, the bilateral partnership is reinforced by a shared commitment to a rules-based order. The contribution of this study is to strengthen the small-state foreign policy literature by giving empirical support to analytical eclecticism, showing that small-state responses to major powers form a dynamic, multidimensional calculus rather than a single determined path.Keywords: Singapore, United States, International Relations Theories, Small States, Dual Hedging.
UNPACKING DESECURITIZATION: : ANALYZING THE EVOLUTION OF UNITED STATES CANNABIS POLICY THROUGH HANSENIAN DESURIZATION THEORY Nurridho Aryawan
TRANSBORDERS: International Relations Journal Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026): TransBorders: International Relations Journal
Publisher : Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23969/transborders.v10i2.18469

Abstract

Although the concepts of securitization and desecuritization in the realm of international security studies emerged simultaneously and are inseparable from one another, the concept of desecuritization has not undergone as comprehensive development as the concept of securitization. The development of desecuritization is conceptually fragmented and often contradictory to one another. Utilizing a case study of the transformation of United States' cannabis policy patterns both home and abroad alongside Lene Hansen's concept of desecuritization, this paper attempts to illustrate how Hansenian desecuritization theory enables the simultaneous use of different desecuritization concepts in analyzing a single case study. This paper identifies three type of desecuritization that leads to the transformation of United States cannabis policy, including: i) the type of desecuritization change through stabilization, where the dynamics of the issue remain stable for a considerable period, thus removing the cannabis issue from the realm of security, ii) replacement type, where the emergence of new threats in security discourse renders the cannabis issue in security discourse no longer relevant, and iii) rearticulation type, where efforts are made by actors to change old cannabis policy patterns. Moreover, this paper finds that although one desecuritization process does not always occur simultaneously with another desecuritization process, each of them still influences the process of an issue transitioning from a security issue to a normal-political issue.
Intervention Effectiveness An Analysis of the IMF's Role and Policy in Dealing with Ukraine's Monetary Crisis Post-Russian Conflict-2022 giilangputraa; Gonda Yumitro
TRANSBORDERS: International Relations Journal Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026): TransBorders: International Relations Journal
Publisher : Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23969/transborders.v10i2.26928

Abstract

In most cases, geopolitical events are power struggles over a territory that cannot be resolved peacefully. These events carry risks such as war, terrorism, and inter-state tensions that disrupt international relations. Tensions and conflicts between countries are some examples of geopolitical risks that can disrupt international relations and affect the stock market. The Russia-Ukraine conflict is an example of a geopolitical case that made Ukraine experience a monetary crisis and suffered very complex losses. This study was conducted to explore the role of the IMF in stabilizing and restoring the economy in Ukraine during the post-war monetary crisis with Russia. The IMF served as an important provider of financial assistance to crisis-affected Ukraine through emergency loans, providing critical financial support to address urgent economic pressures. Important international cooperation is also a focus of the IMF in promoting global economic stability. This research highlights the IMF's role in providing emergency financial assistance for the stabilization of the Ukrainian economy affected by the conflict-induced monetary crisis. This article also discusses the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in handling international financial crises, especially the global economic crisis. This article formulates the question of how the IMF's role in addressing the global economic crisis, especially in Ukraine with the aim of understanding the IMF's role in addressing the global economic crisis. Data is collected through literature research from various sources of books and journals as initial sources as well as relevant articles and news. Descriptive research is a type of qualitative research that aims to describe and interpret various elements, such as situations, conditions, development of perceptions, and consequences that occur.
The Role of SAARC in Economic Cooperation A Study of India–Pakistan Tensions that Hamper South Asian Regionalism Habib Hanafi; M. Firli; M. Naufal Ghaniyyah Nail; Imanuddin Abdurrahman Jibril
TRANSBORDERS: International Relations Journal Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026): TransBorders: International Relations Journal
Publisher : Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23969/transborders.v10i2.37294

Abstract

The long-standing political tensions between India and Pakistan have been a major factor undermining the effectiveness of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) as a platform for economic integration in South Asia. Despite the region's enormous potential from its young population and vast domestic market to its opportunities for industrialization South Asian regionalism is operating far below its optimal capacity. This study analyzes how the India and Pakistan bilateral conflict hinders SAARC's function in promoting regional economic cooperation. Using the New Regionalism theoretical approach, this study shows that state dominance, the weak role of non-governmental actors, and the absence of conflict resolution mechanisms make SAARC vulnerable to stagnation whenever political tensions rise. The consensus mechanism that forms the institutional basis of SAARC also often becomes a structural obstacle because it allows India or Pakistan to veto the regional agenda. In addition, this study finds that small countries in South Asia are increasingly seeking integration alternatives outside SAARC due to the low predictability of regional cooperation. Various opportunities such as integration Energy, trade connectivity, and SME strengthening cannot be optimized due to rivalry between the two largest countries in the region. Thus, this study confirms that the functioning of SAARC is highly dependent on India-Pakistan political stability. Without improvement in relations between the two countries and institutional reform of SAARC, South Asian regionalism will remain stagnant compared to other regions such as ASEAN or the European Union. This study is expected to provide a deeper understanding of the structural challenges of SAARC while encouraging the formulation of regional strategies that are more adaptive, inclusive, and oriented towards collective economic cooperation.
Peran Singapura Dalam Mengatasi Krisis 1997-1998: Analisis Interdependensi Ekonomi dan Regionalisme ASEAN Ivandra Solihin; Minarni Angelica Sianipar; Khansa Nayla Oetama; Cindy Nydia Pulino; Siti Khumaira Susetyo; Indah Shifanindra Nurani
TRANSBORDERS: International Relations Journal Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026): TransBorders: International Relations Journal
Publisher : Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23969/transborders.v10i2.42712

Abstract

Interdependensi ekonomi di ASEAN tidak hanya meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi, namun juga memiliki efek penularan dimana krisis ekonomi di suatu negara dapat menyebar ke negara lain. Artikel ini membahas bagaimana ledakan pertumbuhan ekonomi yang terjadi pada tahun awal 1990-an dapat berujung pada krisis ekonomi tahun di ASEAN. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa dibandingkan dengan Thailand, Filipina, Malaysia, dan Indonesia, Singapura mampu bertahan dari krisis Asia. Namun, interdependensi ekonomi di ASEAN menyebabkan Singapura mengambil peran aktif dalam melakukan kerja sama dengan negara anggota lainnya untuk menghadapi krisis ekonomi ini. Penulis menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan teori interdependensi kompleks untuk melihat interdependensi ekonomi pada Singapura dan negara anggota lainnya dalam menghadapi krisis ekonomi 1997-1998 di ASEAN. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Singapura memiliki peran yang aktif dalam mendorong mekanisme koordinasi kebijakan ekonomi dan pembentukan CMI (Chiang Mai Initiative) pada ASEAN+3 untuk mengantisipasi krisis ekonomi di masa depan. Partisipasi aktif dalam CMI telah menjadikan Singapura di posisi yang strategis, yakni menjadi jembatan antara ASEAN dan kekuatan ekonomi di Asia Timur.
US–CHINA STRATEGIC RIVALRY IN THE SOUTH CHINESE SEA: THE IMPACT OF CHINA’S ISLAND MILITARIZATION ON ESCALATIONS RISK (2013–PRESENT) Shalyra Andini Tantra
TRANSBORDERS: International Relations Journal Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026): TransBorders: International Relations Journal
Publisher : Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23969/transborders.v10i2.50872

Abstract

This paper discusses the competition between the United States and China in the South China Sea, focusing on China's construction and use of artificial islands for military purposes and how it could trigger a larger conflict from 2013 until now. Using the security dilemma theory as an analytical perspective, this paper examines how actions initially intended to protect itself have instead exacerbated tensions in the region. Building runways, radars and missile systems on artificial islands in the Spratly Islands to expand its military influence while the United States sends military ships and aircraft to the region as a sign that it will not allow sea lanes to be closed or controlled by China. Based on various academic papers, research reports, and official government statements, this paper argues that the increasing military activity of both countries in this narrow and contested region increases the likelihood of misunderstandings leading to accidental clashes. While some argue that military buildup can actually prevent war by making the opposing side think twice, this paper concludes that weak communication channels between the two countries and the high level of conflicting interests make the South China Sea one of the most dangerous flashpoints in international relations today.

Page 10 of 11 | Total Record : 105

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