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ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences

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ISSN : 08537291 EISSN : 24067598 DOI : -

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Earth & Planetary Sciences

ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences (IJMS) is dedicated to published highest quality of research papers and review on all aspects of marine biology, marine conservation, marine culture, marine geology and oceanography.

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Kondisi dan Keanekaragaman Karang Batu di Perairan Pulau Gangga Sulawesi Utara (Condition and Biodiversity of Hard Coral at Gangga Island, North Sulawesi Gangga Island) Jemmy Souhoka
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 18, No 4 (2013): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Pulau Gangga terletak pada koordinat 1º46'19"N - 125º03'11" E dan merupakan salah satu pulau yang termasuk dalam perairan Kabupaten Minahasa Utara Propinsi Sulawesi Utara. Perairan pantai pulau ini didominasi oleh ekosistem terumbu karang. Perkembangan aktivitas kegiatan manusia di perairan ekosistem terumbu karang akan mempengaruhi kondisi dan keanekaragaman jenis karang batu. Tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan yaitu untuk melihat kondisi dan kenaekaragaman jenis karang batu di kawasan perairan Pulau Gangga. Penelitian tentang kondisi dan keanekaragaman jenis karang batu di perairan kawasan Pulau Gangga Sulawesi Utara telah dilakukan pada bulan Mei 2011 pada 5 (lima) stasiun penelitian yaitu Stasiun 1(Pulau Lihaga), Stasiun 2 (Gangga 1), Stasiun 3 (Pulau Tindila), Stasiun 4 (Pantai Panjang) dan Stasiun 5 (Gangga 2). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah transek garis (Line Intercept Transect). Hasil penelitian ditemukan 106 jenis karang batu dari 16 famili. Kondisi karang batu berdasarkan persentase tutupan berkisar antara 24,24–73,30% dan termasuk kategori sedang sampai baik. Stasiun 1 memiliki nilai keanekaragaman jenis (H) tertinggi sebesar 1,17 dan indeks kemerataan (E) tertinggi 0,91 ditemukan di Stasiun 3. Secara umum perairan Pulau Gangga didominasi oleh karang batu sepanjang 10958 cm (kedalaman 3m) atau 43,83% dan 12.116 cm (kedalaman 6m) atau 48,46% dari total panjang transek (25.000 cm) dengan jenis yang dominan yaitu Acropora sp. (2344 cm) atau 9,38% di kedalaman 3m dan Porites nigrecens (3751 cm) atau 15,00% pada kedalaman 6 m. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai data dasar dalam pengambilan kebijakan pengelolaan wilayah ekosistem terumbu karang oleh pemerintah daerah Sulawesi Utara. Kata kunci: kondisi, karang keras, keanekaragaman, Pulau Gangga North Minahasa District, North Sulawesi Province) is located at 1º 46'19"N - 125º 03' 11" E. Coral reef ecosystem dominated of its coastal areas. Increasing human activities in the area was thought to influence the condition of coral reef and its diversity. This study aims to observe the condition and biodiversity of hard coral in the Gangga Island waters. This study was conducted in May 2011 at 5 (five) stations, i.e. Station 1 (Lihaga Island), Station 2 (Gangga 1), Station 3 (Tindila Island), Station 4 (Panjang Beach) and Station 5 (Gangga 2). The Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method was applied in this study. There were 106 species of hard corals consisting of 16 families found in location. The condition of hard corals was classified into middle to good, and the persentage of coverage was in between 24.24 - 73.30 %. Corals at station 1 were in the good location and they have the highest diversity index (1.17), while the highest evenness index was at Station 3 (0.91). Generally, at Gangga Island, the domination of hard coral was 10.958 cm or 43,83 % (depth 3m) and 12.116 cm or 48,46 % (depth 6m) of the total transect (25,000 cm) with coral species of Acropora sp (2.344 cm) or 9,38 % at depth of 3m and Porites nigrecens (3.751 cm) or 15 % was dominant at depth of 6m. Result of this study can be used in management coral reef ecosystem policy of the goverment of North Sulawesi. Keywords: condition, hard coral, diversity, Gangga Island

Model Distribusi Data Kecepatan Angin dan Pemanfaatannya dalam Peramalan Gelombang di Perairan Laut Paciran, Jawa Timur Denny Nugroho Sugianto
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 15, No 3 (2010): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Penelitian telah dilakukan di perairan Laut Paciran, Jawa Timur pada bulan Oktober 2009. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui model distribusi kecepatan angin dan pemanfaatannya untuk peramalan gelombang di perairan Laut Paciran, Jawa Timur. Data angin diperoleh dari stasiun pengukuran angin Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG) Klas I Juanda Surabaya tahun 2007-2009, berupa data angin tiap jam. Pengolahan data angin dikelompokkan berdasarkan skala Beufort. Pengukuran tinggi dan periode gelombang menggunakan Sontek Argonaut XR. Peramalan gelombang menggunakan data angin dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode SMB dan Darbyshire. Hasil pengukuran data gelombang diperoleh hasil tinggi gelombang antara 3,2-82,9 cm dan periode gelombang 6,0 -7,9 detik, dari klasifikasi gelombang termasuk gelombang perairan transisi. Model distribusi data kecepatan angin menunjukkan bahwa untuk kecepatan angin kuat (1727 knot) pada musim barat durasinya antara 3-6 jam, sedangkan pada musim timur antara 1-4 jam. Dengan menggunakan metode SMB dan Darbyshire pada saat terjadi kecepatan maksimum pada musim Timur, tinggi gelombang mencapai 1,51 meter dengan periode 5,2 detik, sedangkan pada musim barat tinggi maksimum gelombang mencapai 2,4 meter dengan durasi 7 detik. Dari nilai MRE (mean relative error) data lapangan terhadap hasil peramalan dari data angin selama 3 tahun didapatkan nilai kesalahan relatif sebesar 0,3 34,32 % untuk tinggi gelombang dan 13,24 - 22,06 % untuk periode gelombang.Kata kunci: Distribusi kecepatan angin, gelombang, perairan laut Paciran, Jawa Timur The survey was conducted at Paciran East Java sea waters during October 2009. The purpose of this study to determine the wind speed distribution model and its use for forecasting waves in the sea waters Paciran, East Java. Wind data obtained from wind measurement stations Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG) Class I Juanda Surabaya in 2007-2009, in the hourly wind data. Wind data grouped by Beufort scale for processing. Height and wave period measured using Sontek Argonaut XR. Wave forecasting using wind data were calculated using SMB and Darbyshire method. The observation data obtained by the wave of wave height between 3.2 to 82.9 cm and wave period from 6.0 to 7.9 seconds, from the classification of waves including transitional waters. Wind speed data distribution model showed that for strong winds (17-27 knots) in the west season duration is between 3-6 hours, while in the east monsoon between 1-4 hours. By using the SMB method and Darbyshire in the event of a maximum speed of the Eastern season, wave height 1.51 m and periods of 5.2 seconds, while the west monsoon maximum wave height 2.4 meters and 7 seconds duration. The MRE (mean relative error) field data on the forecasting from wind data obtained during 3 years the mean relative error between 0.3 - 34.32 % of wave height and between 13.24 - 22.06 % of wave period. Key words: Winds speed distribution, wave, Paciran sea water, East Java.

Interspecific Aggression in Hermatypic Corals from Panjang Island Diah Permata Wiiayanti; Wisnu Widiatmoko; Ambarwati Ambarwati
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 7, No 1 (2002): Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Penelitian terhadap agresi interspesifik antara koral hermatipik dari Pulau Panjang dilakukan di akuarium antara bulan September - Desember 2000 di Laboratorium Kelautan Teluk Aawur Iepara. Resultan hirarki dibuat dengan melakukan rangking terhadap kemampuan suatu spesies untuk 'merusak' kompetitor. Studi lapangan dilakukan untuk mekonfirmasi apakah spesies paling agresif merupakan spesies yang mendominasi. Hasil munjukkan ditemukannya proses fusi terhadap semua pasangan dari koloni yang sama. Histoinkompatibilltas ditemukan setelah seminggu waktu kontak dengan adanya respon penolakan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa digesti oleh filamen mesenterlal merupakan mekanisme paling penting dalam proses agresi, diikuti dengan overgrowth dan unindirectional woundings yang diakhiri dengan reaksi penolakan. Stylophora pistillete merupakan spesies paling agresif, diikuti oleh Pectinia sp. Dan Pocillopora damicornis. Sedangkan Montipora dan Acropora memiliki sifat agresif lemah. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik morfologi berperan penting dalam intereksi kompetitif. Tidak ditemukan interaksi intransitif pada hirarki yang ada. Namun studi lapangan menunjukkan bahwa spesies paling agresif tidak selalu merupakan spesies yang mendominasi. Agresifitas diduga bukan merupakan satu-satunya factor yang menentukan distribusi dan zonasi karang di Pulau Panjang. Kata kunci: Agreasi, interspesiflk, karang, Pulau Panjang Interspecific aggression between hermatypic corals on Panjang Island reef has been investigated by aquarium study. This study was performed between September and December 2000 at Marine Station Research Center, Kampus Teluk Awur Jepara. Resultant hierarchy was constructed by ranking the abilities of species to damage competitors. Field study was conducted to check whether the most highly aggressive species are those occupying the greatest area of sea floor. Fusion was observed In all same colony pairs by the end of experiment, regardless duration after initial contact. Hlstoincompatibility was visible after a week of contact with rejection was the most common response. It suggest that digestion by mesenterial filaments is the most important mechanism of aggression followed by overgrowth and unidirectional woundings that ended as a stand-offs reaction. Stylophora pistillata being the most highly aggressive species in Panjang Island followed by Pectinia sp and Pocillopora demtcornts while Montipora and Acropora are weakly aggressive. This result confirmed that differences in morphological characteristics play an important role during competitive interactions. No intransitive interaction was observed from the present hierarchy. Field study revealed that the most highly aggressive species is not necessary to those occupying the greatest area of sea floor. Aggression may not the single factor which influence spatial distribution and zonation of coral reefs in Panjang Island.Keywords: interspecific anggression, corals, Panjang Island

Pengaruh jenis pakan mikroalga terhadap pertumbuhan populasi kopepoda harpacticoid, Tigriopus brevicornis yang diisolasi dari perairan Marunda, Jakarta Utara Sutomo Sutomo
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 12, No 4 (2007): Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Kopepoda merupakan salah satu golongan zooplankton yang banyak dimanfaatkan dalam bidang pembenihan udang, ikan dan rajungan. Pakan merupakan faktor penting yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan populasi kopepoda, disamping faktor lingkungan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian jenis pakan mikroalga yang berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan populasi kopepoda harpacticoida, Tigriopus brevicornis. Percobaan dilakukan dalam cawan petri plastik berukuran 60 ml. Setiap wadah diisi dengan 1 individu kopepoda betina yang membawa telur, diberi jenis pakan mikroalga yang berbeda (Tetraselmis sp, Isochrysis galbana, dan Cyclotella sp) sebagai perlakuan pakan, dengan 5 kali ulangan. Pengamatan jumlah kopepoda pada setiap perlakuan dilakukan setiap hari dengan bantuan mikroskop binokuler. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antar perlakuan terhadap pertumbuhan populasi kopepoda (P<0,05). I. galbana memberikan pertumbuhan populasi tertinggi bagi kopepoda, diikuti oleh Tetraselmis sp, dan Cyclotella sp. Namun tidak ada beda yang nyata antara pakan I. galbana dan Tetraselmis sp pada pertumbuhan populasi kopepoda (P>0,05). Jumlah populasi kopepoda pengamatan terakhir (hari ke 30) yang tertinggi didapatkan oleh pakan I galbana (58,2 ind/30ml), yang diikuti oleh Tetraselmis sp (54,8 ind/30ml), dan Cyclotella sp (16,2 ind/30ml) dengan laju pertumbuhan relatif berturut-turut sebesar 0,157; 0,154; dan 0,097. Kata kunci : Pertumbuhan populasi, Tigriopus brevicornis, mikroalga. Abstract Copepod is one of zooplankton species that was widely used in many hatcheries of shrimps, fishes and crabs. Diet is the important factor influencing the population growth of copepod, beside environmental factors. The objective of this research was to know the effect of different microalgal diet on the population growth of harpacticoid copepod, T. brevicornis. The experiment was conducted in 60 ml plastic petridish. One individual of eggs carrying female copepod were reared in each petri, fed with different microalgal diet (Tetraselmis sp, Isochrysis galbana, dan Cyclotella sp) as food treatment, in 5 replicates. Observations were carried out everyday to count the number of individual of copepod, under binocular microscope. The result showed that there were significantly different among the treatments on the population growth of the copepod (P<0.05). I. galbana resulted the highest population growth for the copepod, followed by Tetraselmis sp, and Cyclotella sp. Whereas there were no significantly different between the diet of I. galbana and Tetraselmis sp on the population growth of the copepod (P>0.05). The highest population of the copepod was found in I galbana diet (58.2 ind/30ml), followed by Tetraselmis sp diet (54.8 ind/30ml), and Cyclotella sp diet (16.2 ind/30ml) with the relative growth rate were 0.157, 0.154 and 0.097 respectively. Key words : Population growth, Tigriopus brevicornis, microalgae

Kajian Kondisi Hidrodinamika (Pasang Surut,Arus, Dan Gelombang) Di Perairan Grati Pasuruan, Jawa Timur Denny Nugroho Sugianto
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 14, No 2 (2009): Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Penelitian telah dilakukan di perairan Grati Pasuruan, Jawa Timur pada bulan Juni 2008. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kondisi hidrodinamika di perairan Grati Pasuruan, Jawa Timur. Pengukuran kecepatan dan arah arus serta tinggi dan periode gelombang menggunakan Sontek Argonaut XR, sedangkan untuk mengetahui pasang surut di perairan tersebut menggunakan tide gauge type Richard branch. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan tipe pasang surutnya campuran condong ke harian ganda (mixed prevealing semi diurnal tide). Pola arus didominasi oleh arus pasang surut dengan kecepatan arus rata-rata berkisar 0,0025–0,2305 m/det dengan arah menuju ke timur – tenggara (arah 75o – 120o). Kecepatan arus permukaan berkisar antara 0.013-0.77 m/det, arus kedalaman tengah 0,001–0,32 m/det, dan di dasar 0,00–0,37 m/det. Tinggi gelombang pengamatan rata–rata adalah 0,11 cm dengan periode gelombang 4,76 detik. Hasil peramalan dengan pemodelan pada musim barattinggi gelombang mencapai 1,9-2,1 m dan musim timur 2,0-2,3 m. Klasifikasi gelombang termasuk gelombang perairan transisi. Profil vertikal kecepatan orbital gelombang pada puncak gelombang 0,13 m/det dan lembah gelombang -0,13 m/det.Kata kunci: hidrodinamika, pasang surut, arus, gelombang, perairan GratiThe survey was conducted at Grati Pasuruan East Java sea waters during June 2008. Objective of research is known hydrodynamic condition at Grati Pasuruan East Java sea waters. Current (velocity and direction) and wave (height and period) were measure used Sontek Argonaut XR. Tide was measure used Tide Gauge type Richard branch. The result had shown that tidal type is mixed prevealing semi diurnal tide. Current pattern dominance by tidal current where current velocity average between 0.0025-0.2305 m/sec and current direction to east-south east (75o–120o). The current velocity at sea surface 0.013 - 0.77 m/sec, 0.001-0.32 m/sec at sea midle, and 0.00-0.37 m/sec at sea bottom. Average of wave height observation 0.11 cm and wave period 4.76 second. Wave height prediction by modelling in west monsoon 1.9–2.1 m and east monsoon 2.0–2.3 m. Classification of wave characteristic is transition sea wave. Vertical profiles of wave induced velocities at wave crest 0.13 m/sec and wave trough -0.13 m/sec.Key words: hydrodinamic, current, wave, tide, Grati sea waters

Potential Marine Fungi Hypocreaceae sp. as Agarase Enzyme to Hydrolyze Macroalgae Gelidium latifolium (Potensi Jamur Hypocreaceae sp. sebagai Enzim Agarase untuk menghidrolisis Makroalga Gelidium latifolium) Mujizat Kawaroe; Dwi Setyaningsih; Bertoka Fajar SP Negara; Dina Augustine
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 20, No 1 (2015): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Agarase dapat mendegradasi agar ke oligosakarida dan memiliki banyak manfaat untuk makanan, kosmetik, dan lain-lain. Banyak spesies pendegradasi agar adalah organismelaut. Beberapa agarase telah diisolasi dari genera yang berbeda dari mikroorganisme yang ditemukan di air dan sedimen laut. Hypocreaceae sp. diisolasi dari air laut Pulau Pari, Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta, Indonesia. Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi gen 16S rDNA dari 500 basis pasangan, isolat A10 memiliki 99% kesamaan dengan Hypocreaceae sp. Enzim agarase ekstraseluler dari Hypocreaceae sp. memiliki pH dan suhu optimum pada 8 TrisHCl (0,148 μ.mL-1) dan 50°C (0,182 μ.mL-1), masing-masing. Enzim Agarase dari Hypocreaceae sp. mencapai kondisi optimum pada aktivitas enzim tertinggi selama inkubasi dalam 24 jam (0,323 μ.mL-1). SDS page mengungkapkan bahwa ada dua band dari protein yang dihasilkan oleh agarase dari Hypocreaceae sp. yang berada di berat molekul 39 kDa dan 44 kDa dan hidrolisis Gelidium latifolium diperoleh 0,88% etanol. Kata kunci: enzim agarase, Hypocreaceae sp., hidrolisis, fungi, rDNA. Agarase can degradedagarto oligosaccharide and has a lot of benefits for food, cosmetics, and others. Many species of agar- degrader are marine-organism. Several agarases have been isolated from different genera of microorganisms found in seawater and marine sediments. Hypocreaceae sp. was isolated from sea water of Pari Islands, Seribu Islands, Jakarta, Indonesia. Based on the results of the 16S rDNA gene identification of 500 base pairs, A10 isolates had 99 % similarity toHypocreaceae sp. The extracellular agarase enzyme from Hypocreaceae sp. have optimum pH and temperature at 8 TrisHCl (0.148 µ.mL-1) and 50 °C (0.182 µ.mL-1), respectively. Agarase enzyme of Hypocreaceae sp. reach an optimum condition at the highest enzyme activity during incubation in 24 hours (0.323 µ.mL-1). SDS Page revealed that there are two bands of protein produced by agarase of Hypocreaceae sp. which are at molecular weight of 39 kDa and 44 kDa and hydrolisis of Gelidium latifolium obtained 0,88% ethanol. Key words: agarase enzym, Hypocreaceae sp., hydrolysis, marine fungi, rDNA

Variabilitas Suhu dan Klorofil-a di Daerah Upwelling pada Variasi Kejadian ENSO dan IOD di Perairan Selatan Jawa sampai Timor Kunarso Kunarso; Safwan Hadi; Nining Sari Ningsih; Mulyono S. Baskoro
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 16, No 3 (2011): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Informasi mengenai variabilitas spasial suhu dan klorofil-a permukaan laut memiliki peran penting sebagai sarana pendugaan daerah potensi ikan tuna. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan menggambarkan variabilitas suhu dan klorofil-a permukaan laut baik secara spasial maupun temporal di daerah upwelling pada variasi kejadian El Nino Southern Oscilation (ENSO) dan Indian Oscillation Dipole Mode (IOD) di perairan Selatan Jawa hingga Timor. Variabilitas suhu dan klorofil-a permukaan laut dikaji berdasarkan data-data MODIS (Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spektroradiometer) bulanan Level 3 dari satelit Aqua dan Terra. Nilai suhu dan klorofil-a permukaan laut bervariasi menurut waktu (bulan), wilayah (provinsi) dan variasi antar tahunan iklim global (El Niño-IOD(-), El Niño-IOD(+), La Niña-IOD(-) dan La Niña-IOD(+). Secara umum kisaran suhu permukaan laut (SPL) di daerah upwelling pada variasi ENSO dan IOD berkisar 26,18 -28,35°C dengan rerata 27,04±0,93°C. Kisaran klorofil-a sebesar 0,3-0,95 mg/M³ dengan rerata 0,69±0,28mg/M³. Mulai bulan Juni umumnya nilai suhu permukaan laut (SPL) semakin turun dan klorofil-a semakin meningkat hingga mencapai puncak bulan Agustus atau September, kemudian berangsur normal kembali. Nilai suhu permukaan laut terendah ditemukan berkembang dari timur (Bali) pada bulan Juni bergerak ke barat hingga Jawa Barat di bulan Oktober. Nilai klorofil-a tinggi berkembang sesuai dengan perkembangan suhu terendah, namun nilai klorofil-a tertinggi umumnya bergerak tidak sesuai dengan perkembangan SPL terendah. Klorofil-a tertinggi umumnya terjadi di perairan selatan Provinsi Bali. Jauh dekatnya pergerakan SPL terendah dan klorofil-a tinggi tampak dipengaruhi nilai IOD-nya, semakin besar nilai IOD maka semakin jauh gerakannya ke barat.Kata Kunci : Variabilitas, suhu, klorofil-a, upwelling, perairan selatan Jawa The information of spatial variabilities of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a are important for predicting potential fishing ground of tuna. The aims of the reseach are to describe and study the spatial and temporal variabilities of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a at upwelling area during the variabilities of El Nino Southern Oscilation (ENSO) and Indian Oscillation Dipole Mode (IOD) event at southern waters of Jawa until Timor Island. They were studied based on monthly MODIS (Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spektroradiometer) data Level 3 from Aqua and Terra satelite. The values of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a are variable in the times (month), areas (province) and annually global climate (El Niño-IOD(-), El Niño-IOD(+), La Niña-IOD(-) dan La Niña-IOD(+). Commonly range of the seawater surface temperature (SST) at upwelling area on the variabilities of ENSO and IOD are about 26.18-28.35°C with average 27.04±0,93°C, whereas average of chlorophyll-a are about 0.3-0.95 mg/m³ with average 0.69±0,28mg/M³. From June, sea surface temperature starts to decrease but clhorophyl-a is increasing and back to normal after reaching peak in August or September. The lowest sea surface temperature was found developing from east (Bali) in June and then moving to west until southern west Java in October. The development of high chlorophyll-a values are suitable with that of low sea surface temperature. However the development of highest chlorophyll-a generally move inconsistent with that of lowest sea surface temperature. The highest chlorophyll-a generally happen at the southern of Bali Province. The distance movement of the low sea surface temperature and high chlorophyll-a distributions are affected by IOD value, the higher IOD value the further they move to the west. Key words: Variability, temperature, khlorophyll-a, upwelling, southern waters of Jawa

Fishing Season of Large Tuna from Purse Seine Fishery in Tumumpa, Manado, North Sulawesi Bram Setyadji; Umi Chodriyah
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 23, No 4 (2018): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Knowledge on seasonal fishing pattern is essential in fisheries research in order to increase the effectiveness of fishing and at the same time protecting the fishing ground from excessive fishing practices. Determining the seasonal fishing pattern of large pelagic fishes, namely large tuna (yellowfin and bigeye), small tuna (mackerel) and skipjack tuna were the objective of this study. Data from the 2013-2015 fishing operation time series were used to analyze the fishing season using the percentage average per unit effort (CPUE) method. The main focus of this study was purse seine fishery. The research showed that high fishing season of large pelagic fishes allegedly occurred during May to July, which reached its peak on May. On the other hand, low fishing season occurred during January to April, with the lowest on March. There were similarities between large tuna, small tuna and skipjack in term of their seasonal fishing pattern, although they did not show any good correlation (r<0.5). This might due to fact that even tough large tuna, small tuna and skipjack tuna shared the same ecological niche but apparently, they did not show any interaction (symbiosis) but competition.

Concentration of Heavy Metals in Molluscs and Sediment from Sei Jang Estuary Bintal Amin
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 9, No 1 (2004): Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Analisis konsentrasi logam berat Pb, Cu dan Zn dalam jaringan lunak moluska (Geloina sp dan Calliostoma sp) dan sedimen dari perairan muara Sei Jang Riau Indonesia telah dilakukan. Pada umumnya konsentrasi logam tersebut dalam jaringan lunak moluska lebih tinggi dari konsentrasi dalam sedimen, kecuali logam Pb dalam Geloina sp yang relatif lebih rendah dibanding dalam sedimen. Geloina sp mengakumulasi logam Zn lebih dari tiga kali lipat dari konsentrasi dalam sedimen, sedangkan Calliostoma sp mengakumulasi logam Cu lebih dari empatbelas kali lipat konsentrasi logam tersebut dalam sedimen. Peningkatan konsentrasi logam berat lebih terlihat jelas di sekitar kawasan bekas penambangan bauksit, galangan kapal dan di kawasan aktivitas penduduk. Akumulasi logam didapatkan lebih tinggi dalam jaringan lunak moluska yang berukuran lebih besar dimana hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa ukuran merupakan faktor penting dalam akumulasi logam berat oleh moluska. Indeks Akumulatif menunjukkan bahwa akumulasi logam tertinggi oleh moluska terjadi di kawasanbekas penambangan bauksit dan Geloina sp lebih baik dijadikan sebagai indikator untuk logam Zn sedangkan untuk logam Cu dan Pb lebih baik digunakan Calliostoma sp.Kata kunci : logam berat, sedimen, moluska, indeks akumulatifAbstractConcentrations of lead, copper and zinc were measured in molluscs (Geloina sp and Calliostoma sp) andsediment samples collected from Sei Jang estuary Riau Indonesia. Concentrations of those metals in molluscswere higher than in sediments, except for lead in Geloina sp which was slightly lower than sediments.Geloina sp accumulates zinc more than threefold of the concentration in sediment, whilst Calliostoma spaccumulates copper more than fourteen-fold of the sediment concentrations. Elevated concentrations of heavymetals in an ex-bauxite mining area, dockyard and anthropogenic activities were found. Accumulation ofmetals in molluscs varied between sizes where larger size accumulated more metals than smaller size indicatingthat size is an important consideration for metal accumulation. Average accumulative indices indicated thathighest metals accumulation by molluscs occurred in the area of an ex-bauxite mining activities. These indicesalso suggested that Geloina sp was better to be used as indicator organism for zinc, whilst Calliostoma sp wasconsidered to be suitable indicator organisms for the accumulation of copper and lead.Key words : heavy metals, sediment, mollusc, Accumulative index

Application of Denaturing Gradient Gel Eiectrophoresis(DGGE) Methods on Parent-Offspring Relationship of the Coral Pocillopora damicornis Dyah Permata Wijayanti; M. Hirose; M. Hidaka
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 13, No 3 (2008): Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

DGGE (Denaturing Gradient Gel Eiectrophoresis) is the most powerful methods for mutation detection currently available. In DGGE, DNA fragments of the same length but with different sequences can be separated. The sensitivity of DGGE to slight sequence differences is high since single base changes could be observed. There has been a debate about whether planulae of the coral Pocillopora damicornis are produced sexually or asexually. If produced sexually, planulae are expected to be genetically different from each other and also from their parents. In order to detect possible genetic difference between planulae and their parents, DGGE analysis of ITS2 region of rDNA was used. If there are genetic differences, it is proved that planulae are produced sexually. A total 49 adult colonies and 78 planulae from 11 localities were used for analysis. However, only in 2 families (BiseO1#O2 and Bise02#03YL) showed different DGGE profile, suggesting genetic difference between parent and offspring. The attempt to detect genetic difference in planulae of P. damicornis and their parents using DGGE method was not completely success since DGGE method can not prove clearly the genetic difference between parent and offspring. However, the possibility that DGGE method is applicable for studying coral can be suggested. PCR-DGEE amplification may perform with new STR (short tandem repeat) polymorphic loci of P. damicornis that currently found to answer whether planulae are produced sexually or asexually. Key words : Pocillopora damicornis, planula, DGGE, sexual reproduction, coral

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