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ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 08537291     EISSN : 24067598     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Earth & Planetary Sciences
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences (IJMS) is dedicated to published highest quality of research papers and review on all aspects of marine biology, marine conservation, marine culture, marine geology and oceanography.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 763 Documents
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Assessment of Radon Concentrations in Marine Biota of the Iraqi Marine Environment Munaf Qasim Jaber; Muhammed Faris Abbas
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 31, No 1 (2026): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.31.1.1-7

Abstract

In this study, samples were collected from three areas of the Iraqi marine environment, where fish are caught to be marketed to local markets for use as food. The study area includes coral reef, Khor Abdallah, as well as Um Qaser Port. Using the closed cylinder technique with Solid State Nuclear Track Detector (SSNTDs) CR-39. The concentration of Radon-222 was measured, as well as the radium equivalent, in addition to the emission per unit area and the emission per unit mass. The results are arranged by region as follows: In the Coral Reef, the lowest value was found in the bivalve Corbicula and was 14.01±4.68 Bq.m-3, while the highest concentration of Radon-222 gas isotope value was in the shrimps; 69.52±19.33   Bq.m-3 , with an average value of 28.69±9.1 Bq.m-3. In Kohr Abdallah, the lowest concentration of Radon-222 gas isotope value was found in the Laevicardium sample, it was 16 Bq.m-3 , while the highest value was in the Shrimps too, which was 61 Bq.m-3. This value is close to the value of the shrimps in the coral reef area, with the average value 37±11.2 Bq.m-3. In the Um Qaser area, the lowest concentration of Radon-222 9.93±3.76 Bq.m-3 was found in Cerithium scabridum whereas the highest value was 29.03±8.84 Bq.m-3 and found in the Anemones sample. Based on the measurements taken in this study, in which the concentration of radioactive Radon-222 isotope was calculated, it appears that the measured concentration values are within the acceptable range, and therefore the use of these samples does not pose a risk if used.
First DNA Barcoding Records of Fish Species from Totok and Makalo Estuaries, North Sulawesi, Indonesia Febry Susane Ivonne Menajang; Ari Berty Rondonuwu; Alex Denny Kambey; Rene Charles Kepel
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 31, No 1 (2026): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.31.1.61-70

Abstract

The Totok and Makalo River estuaries in North Sulawesi, Indonesia, serve as vital habitats teeming with fish biodiversity, supporting coastal ecosystems and local fisheries. This study aimed to identify fish species and elucidate their genetic relationships through DNA barcoding of the Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene. Fish samples were collected from both estuaries using nets and traps, followed by molecular analysis involving polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and Sanger sequencing. The results confirmed the presence of 11 fish species, including Osteomugil engeli, Polydactylus plebeius, and Gazza minuta, with high identification accuracy (over 98% sequence similarity to reference databases). Notably, Paracentropogon rubripinnis and Nematalosa come were recorded for the first time in North Sulawesi waters, expanding the known distribution of these species. Significant genetic variation was detected in P. rubripinnis, potentially indicating cryptic speciation or local adaptation to environmental gradients. Phylogenetic analysis revealed close genetic affinities between certain species and populations from Taiwan and Bangladesh, suggesting historical migration patterns or shared ancestry, possibly facilitated by ocean currents. These findings underscore the rich genetic diversity in these estuaries, which are influenced by factors like salinity, temperature, and anthropogenic pressures. The study emphasizes the urgency of conservation strategies, including habitat protection and sustainable fishing practices, to preserve biodiversity and maintain ecosystem services. By providing baseline data on species composition and genetic connectivity, this research contributes to broader efforts in marine biodiversity monitoring and informs policy for coastal management in Indonesia's biodiversity hotspots. 
Valorization of Shrimp Shell Waste: Comparative Phytochemical Composition and Bioactivity of Parapenaeus longirostris and Aristeus antennatus Essaid Zeghdoudi; Ahmed Nouar; Mohammed Cheurfa; Chaimaa Noun; Imane Kouider Mohammadi; Wahyu Aristyaning Putri; Valentina Fernandes Domingues
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 31, No 1 (2026): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.31.1.8-14

Abstract

The valorization of marine by-products represents a promising approach for discovering novel bioactive compounds. This study presents a comparative phytochemical and bioactivity assessment of shrimp shell waste extracts from Parapenaeus longirostris and Aristeus antennatus species, which are prevalent on Algerian coasts. The objective of this study is to evaluate their potential as a source of biologically active compounds, with a particular focus on those compounds that possess anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic properties. The methodology entailed the extraction of chemical compounds. The subsequent procedure involved the utilization of shrimp residues, which were then subjected to a comprehensive compositional analysis. This analysis was then followed by an evaluation of their biological activity. The results obtained demonstrated the presence of biologically effective compounds, with the extracts exhibiting notable anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activity. White shrimp (P. longirostris) was found to be particularly efficacious in both activities, showing particular promise in diabetes-related inhibition. This finding indicates the potential of valorization. It is evident that these marine by-products have the potential to serve as a promising natural resource for the development of value-added products. It is evident that these initiatives facilitate novel advancements in the domains of health and industry, thus underpinning the blue economy within the paradigm of sustainable development.
Substrate Preference and Population Structure of Lingulid Shell Species on the North Coast of East Java Rakmawati Rakmawati; Sucipto Hariyanto; Bambang Irawan; Fatmawati Patang; Supanut Pairohakul
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 31, No 2 (2026): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.31.2.209-218

Abstract

Lingulid shell (Brachiopoda: Lingulata) is a marine invertebrate that still exists. The mangrove profile on the north coast of East Java shows the potential to become a habitat for lingulid shell. Despite the significant potential, the lack of similar previous data on substrate profiles, population, and species distribution in East Java shows that the presence of lingulid shells has received less attention, suggesting the need for conservative efforts to conserve and sustainable uses of marine resource. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the habitat ecology of lingulid shell on the north coast of East Java based on regency or city, population structure, internal distribution pattern, and substrate profile, as well as identify species distribution. In addition, confirm the lingulid shell species by molecular identification based on cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. Sampling was carried out using the purposive sampling method by digging the substrate in the plot area to a depth of 5-10 cm on the north coast of East Java to obtain lingulid frame substrate which was tested based on the fraction (size).  The results showed that lingulid shell could be found in Surabaya City as well as other regencies including Pasuruan, Probolinggo, Situbondo, Bangkalan, Pamekasan, and Sumenep. The discovery results identified the Lingula anatina species based on morphological and molecular characteristics. The population density of lingulid shell in East Java was found to be 52.6 individuals.m-2, while the internal distribution had no continuity. Furthermore, the presence and distribution of Lingula anatina had a preference for silt substrates.
Megabenthos Assemblages and Benthic Dynamics for Sustainable Coral Reef Management in Biak, Papua Ludi Parwadani Aji; Risandi Dwirama Putra; Ni Wayan Purnama Sari; Raden Suyadi; Ana Setyastuti
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 31, No 2 (2026): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.31.2.99-112

Abstract

Coral reef ecosystems are home to a diverse array of biota, including megabenthos, which serve as indicators of the present condition of these ecosystems. This research examines the occurrence and abundance of megabenthos as well as their relationship to coverage of benthic coral and turf algae in coral reef ecosystem. Sampling was conducted at 14 reef sites in Biak, Papua, Indonesia. The coverage of benthic groups and megabenthos was observed by using an underwater photographic transect and a belt transect, respectively. Coverage of coral and turf algae ranges from 5.4 to 53.7 % and from 23.9 to 68 %, respectively. The most abundance megabenthos from all locations and years was sea urchin Diadema spp., followed by Linckia laevigata, and the lowest abundance was sea cucumber. Predatory coral polyps Acanthaster planci have a lower abundance and occurrence than the other predatory coral snail, Drupella. Overall, we found a positive correlation between the abundance of Diadema spp. and Linckia laevigata and turf algae cover, and a negative correlation between the abundance of lobster Panulirus and coral cover. Human influence, such as fishing activity on economically important megabenthos groups (snail Trochidae, giant clams, lobsters, sea cucumbers), might play a role in shaping megabenthos assemblages. This research supports the sustainable management of Biak’s marine ecosystems, which provide vital ecological functions and economic resources for coastal communities. 
Marine-Derived Matairesinol: A Potential Antimicrobial Agent Against Klebsiella pneumoniae from Sponge-Associated Trichoderma longibrachiatum Sri Sedjati; Ambariyanto Ambariyanto; Agus Trianto; Gunawan W. Santosa; Muhammad S. Bahry; Ayunda Ainun Nisa
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 31, No 2 (2026): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.31.2.159-168

Abstract

The fungus Trichoderma sp., which is associated with marine sponges, produces various antibacterial compounds that can be used as lead compounds for new antibiotics. The ethyl acetate extract of the sponge-associated fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum contains an active compound that inhibits the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae. This study aimed to identify the sponge host and determine the active compound produced by this fungus with anti-K. pneumoniae activity. This study began with a sample of fungal cultures and the identification of the host sponge. The extract samples were obtained using a partition method between methanol and ethyl acetate. Determination of antibacterial compounds in ethyl acetate extracts using disc diffusion and bioautography. Active compounds were identified using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR). The results showed that the host sponge of T. longibrachiatum is Axinella sp. The ethyl acetate extract exhibited antibacterial activity against K. pneumoniae, with inhibition zones of 10.12 and 14.45 mm at doses of 250 and 500 μg discs-1,respectively. The bioautography test revealed that the active fraction had a retardation factor (Rf) of 0.14. The active compound was isolated and anti-K. pneumoniae was identified as matairesinol (C20H22O6), also known as (3R,4R)-3,4-bis[ (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) methyl]oxolan-2-one). Matairesinol is a polyphenol from the lignan group with a gamma (γ)-lactone ring. The isolation of matairesinol as an active antibacterial compound against K. pneumoniae provides valuable insights into the potential of marine-derived fungi as a source of novel antimicrobial agents.
Intraspecific Variation of Sargassum polycystum C. Agardh from Sundaland, Indonesia, Based on Morphological Characters Nurmiyati Nurmiyati; Sutarno Sutarno; Rina Sri Kasiamdari; Purnomo Purnomo
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 31, No 2 (2026): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.31.2.113-123

Abstract

Sargassum polycystum C. Agardh is a keystone species in tropical waters' ecosystems and is characterized by high morphological plasticity. The Sundaland region, which consists of a wide range of oceanographic conditions, offers diverse microhabitats that may promote complex patterns of phenotypic variation. However, studies on intraspecific variation of S. polycystum in this region are still limited. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the morphological variation of S. polycystum at ten locations in Sundaland and identify key diagnostic characters that drive population differentiation. A total of 200 individuals were analyzed using 37 morphological characters. Phenotypic relationships were mapped using UPGMA cluster analysis with Gower Similarity Index and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed relatively homogeneous water chemistry parameters across sites, whereas physical characteristics varied among locations. Quantitative traits were uniform across populations (p = 0.99), suggesting growth stability associated with nutritional homogeneity. UPGMA analysis separated populations into two groups based on habitat typology. PCA showed that phylloid margin shape and vesicle morphology were the main diagnostic characters. Intertidal populations were characterized by serrated phylloids and densely spined primary branches, which likely function as drag-reducing mechanisms, whereas subtidal populations developed winged vesicles to enhance buoyancy. These findings suggest a segregation mechanism, where morphological variation in S. polycystum is driven by phenotypic plasticity to environmental physical constraints, regardless of water chemistry. A comprehensive understanding of these microhabitat-based ecological adaptation patterns provides important fundamental information for resolving macroalgal taxonomy, while simultaneously supporting sustainable coastal resource management and conservation strategies in tropical waters.  
Linking Tourism and Conservation Awareness: A Case Study from Raja Ampat, Indonesia Rima Herlina Setiawati Siburian; Maryrose Easter Tapilatu; Julia Rosemary Tapilatu
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 31, No 2 (2026): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.31.2.169-180

Abstract

Raja Ampat is one of the most visited destinations by tourists to experience marine biodiversity, including sharks. Shark related tourism is one of the fastest growing tourisms and it can provide an engaging experience as well as improving public attitudes and raising awareness of shark conservation. In this case, this study assesses the knowledge and experience gained by tourists visiting Kri Island (Raja Ampat) while participating in shark related tourism. The study was conducted from August to October 2024 by interviewing 200 respondents. The assessment was carried out by implementing semi-structured interviews, with a qualitative-quantitative approach to assess tourist motivation and the outcomes after participating in the shark related activity program. This study also examines the extent to which education obtained from shark tourism experiences can contribute to tourist attitudes that supports shark conservation efforts in Raja Ampat. Based on a comparative analysis between pre- and post-activity surveys of 200 tourists showed a positive change in tourist perceptions of sharks after participating in these activities. The results of our finding indicate that providing education during shark-based activities can have a significant impact on conservation that will help in maintaining the ecological status of shark species that are currently endangered. Overall, we conclude that with interpretive encounters, shark-based tourism can provide significant benefits by increasing tourist satisfaction and encouraging attitudes that support conservation. 
High Local Variability in Hard Coral Juveniles Reveals Uneven Recovery Potential Across Proximate Islands in Karimunjawa, Indonesia Muhammad Fadhilah Ramadhan; Dwi Haryanti; Yoko Nozawa; Diah Permata Wijayanti; Agus Sabdono; Yopi Novita
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 31, No 2 (2026): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.31.2.124-132

Abstract

Coral reefs are vital marine ecosystems in the Karimunjawa Archipelago, Indonesia, but they face increasing threats from climate change and local anthropogenic stressors. Coral juveniles are widely recognized as reliable indicators of recent recruitment and reef recovery potential. In 2023, hard coral (scleractinian) juveniles (<10 cm in diameter) and benthic assemblages were surveyed at nine islands in this archipelago. At each island, 50 photo quadrats (50 × 50 cm), placed at 1 m intervals along a 50 m transect at a depth of ~ 7 m, were analyzed. The statistical approach zero-inflated Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) with AIC model selection was used to determine the factors influencing the abundance of hard coral juveniles. The highest coral juvenile density is on Sambangan Island (145 juveniles; 11.6 colonies.m-2), and the lowest is on Tengah Island (19 juveniles; 1.5 colonies.m-2). Most juveniles belonged to Montipora (49%), Fungia (20%), and Porites (6%). Hard corals dominated the benthic cover, with median island-level values ranging from 25% to 79%. Juvenile densities varied greatly among islands, with a significant positive correlation between juvenile density and hard coral cover detected at only two islands. Overall, juvenile density declined with proximity to the main Karimunjawa Island, the center of human activity. Our findings revealed unexpectedly high spatial variation in coral juvenile abundance among proximate islands, indicating differences in recovery potential and anthropogenic pressure. Our results highlight the need for island-specific coral reef conservation strategies, even across short spatial scales.
Molecular Identification and Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Horseshoe Crab (Xiphosura, Limulidae) from the East Java Region Sapto Andriyono; Catlya Tasya Adella Tasya Adella; Mufasirin Mufasirin; Lailatul Lutfiyah; Heru Pramono; Nur Izzati Mohd Noh; Dwi Anggorowati Rahayu
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 31, No 2 (2026): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.31.2.181-194

Abstract

Horseshoe crabs, ancient marine arthropods of the Limulidae family, are currently facing significant threats due to overexploitation driven by high demand for their eggs, which are widely consumed, and their hemolymph, which is critical for biomedical applications. This study aims to evaluate the molecular identification and phylogenetic placement of horseshoe crabs in East Java, a region previously unreported in this context. DNA barcoding was employed to analyze the mitochondrial COI gene region, complemented by detailed morphological identification, to provide a comprehensive understanding of the species in this area. A universal primer LCO/HCO was used for PCR, as described in a previous report, and Sanger sequencing was performed to confirm the approximately 655 bp amplification product. This research identifies horseshoe crabs from six distinct locations in East Java as Tachypleus gigas using molecular methods, with genetic analysis indicating>99% similarity to T. gigas sequences in the GenBank database. Morphological examinations of specimens from seven areas further corroborated the presence of T. gigas, distinguished by characteristic serrations along the telson and a single spine on the posterior region of the opisthosoma. The phylogenetic tree, constructed from our genetic data, shows that Tachypleus gigas populations in East Java are clustered in the same clade as those in Southeast Asia, as supported by GenBank records. This study underscores the importance of integrating genetic and morphological approaches for accurate species identification. Moreover, it provides crucial baseline data for developing conservation strategies to preserve Tachypleus gigas populations in East Java, thereby contributing to broader conservation efforts for this species.

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