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ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 08537291     EISSN : 24067598     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Earth & Planetary Sciences
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences (IJMS) is dedicated to published highest quality of research papers and review on all aspects of marine biology, marine conservation, marine culture, marine geology and oceanography.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 773 Documents
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Morphometric Features of Noctiluca scintillans from Jakarta Bay Radixa Radhya Ramadhan Haryanto; Meutia Samira Ismet; Adriani Sunuddin; Inna Puspa Ayu; Muhammad Izzat Nugraha; Alfaiz Arselan; Kesha Mufthi Java Tanaya; Dea Fauzia Lestari; Dondy Arafat; Nadya Cakasana; Beginer Subhan
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 31, No 2 (2026): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.31.2.133-144

Abstract

Noctiluca scintillans is a mixotrophic dinoflagellate commonly associated with eutrophic coastal systems and bloom dynamics. This study aims to characterize the morphometric variability of N. scintillans in Jakarta Bay, a tropical coastal environment strongly influenced by anthropogenic nutrient enrichment, and to evaluate how cellular morphology reflects functional and ecological responses under eutrophic conditions. Plankton samples were collected in February 2024 and analyzed using high-resolution microscopy to quantify key morphometric traits, including cell diameter, biovolume, aspect ratio, surface area-to-volume (SA:V) ratio, and nucleus-to-cytoplasm (N:C) ratio. Differences between red (RNS) and green (GNS) morphotypes were assessed using non-parametric statistical analyses, and preserved measurements were corrected to estimate live cell size. A total of 121 cells were analyzed, with RNS overwhelmingly dominating the population. RNS exhibited significantly larger cell diameter and volume than GNS, while SA:V ratios differed significantly between morphotypes, indicating functional differences in size-related morphology. In contrast, aspect ratio did not differ significantly, suggesting overall conservation of cell shape across morphotypes. Estimated live cell sizes indicate that N. scintillans populations in Jakarta Bay are dominated by relatively small cells compared to those reported from temperate regions. Variability in the N:C ratio further suggests heterogeneity in cellular physiological states within the population. Overall, these findings establish a morphometric baseline for N. scintillans in Jakarta Bay and highlight the value of morphometric traits as integrative indicators of physiological variability and environmental forcing in tropical eutrophic coastal systems.
Long-Term Monitoring of Carbon Dynamics and Mangrove Health Using Remote Sensing: A Study of Balikpapan Bay, Indonesia A. A. Md. Ananda Putra Suardana; Nanin Anggraini; Nugraheni Setyaningrum; Muhammad Rizki Nandika; Azura Ulfa; Devica Natalia Br Ginting; Kuncoro Teguh Setiawan; Ratih Dewanti Dimyati
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 31, No 2 (2026): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.31.2.195-208

Abstract

Mangrove ecosystems provide critical ecological services, including supporting coastal fisheries, protecting shorelines, and functioning as significant carbon sinks within the global carbon cycle. These ecosystems play a substantial role in climate change mitigation, as they are capable of sequestering up to three times more carbon dioxide (CO₂) than terrestrial forests. Given increasing anthropogenic pressures and environmental change, continuous monitoring of mangrove health is essential to sustain these ecological functions and ecosystem services. Remote sensing technology offers a cost-effective and efficient approach for large-scale assessment, spatial analysis, and long-term monitoring of mangrove conditions. This study utilized cloud-free Landsat-8 imagery from 2013 to 2020 to evaluate mangrove health in Balikpapan Bay using the Mangrove Health Index (MHI), which classifies conditions into three categories: excellent, moderate, and poor. Carbon storage was estimated using a model integrating vegetation indices with Above-Ground Carbon (AGC). The results revealed a fluctuating yet overall positive trend in mangrove health, with the “excellent” category increasing by 1.023% (174.78 ha), while the “poor” category decreased by 1.098% (187.67 ha) over the study period. AGC values exhibited a comparable pattern, reaching a peak of 375.54 Mg.ha-1 in 2018 (mean: 125.85 Mg.ha-1). A strong positive correlation (r = 0.994) was observed between estimated mangrove health and AGC values, indicating that healthier mangrove ecosystems possess greater carbon sequestration potential. These findings highlight the importance of sustained monitoring and adaptive management strategies to support mangrove conservation and strengthen their contribution to climate change mitigation at regional and landscape management and policy scales.
Effects of Maternal Tissue Mortality on the Early Development of Acropora tenuis Nurfaida Salam Manibpel Dumato; Christine C. Baran; Maria Vanessa Baria-Rodriguez
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 31, No 2 (2026): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.31.2.145-158

Abstract

As coral reefs face persistent compounded pressure from anthropogenic and environmental stressors, there is a need to assess the capacity of existing colonies on the reef to produce viable offspring. This study evaluated the impacts of maternal health, characterized by tissue mortality, on the reproductive outcomes and early development of Acropora tenuis, a vital reef-building species in the Indo-Pacific region. Specifically, this study focused on the fertilization success, larval development, larval survival, and settlement behavior of individually crossed A. tenuis colonies. In April 2024, ten colonies were collected from Caniogan Reef in the Bolinao-Anda Reef Complex, northwestern Philippines. Six colonies were categorized as healthy (0% tissue mortality) while four exhibited varying degrees of tissue mortality (10-40%). On April 27, four healthy and two unhealthy colonies spawned, resulting in three healthy and two unhealthy crosses, respectively. Results showed that Healthy crosses had higher fertilization success and normal larvae than Unhealthy crosses (Two-way ANOVA, P < 0.05), highlighting the influence of maternal fitness on offspring viability. Larval survival of both maternal health conditions did not vary over 10 days. Lastly, although CCA treatments initially improved settlement rates for larvae from both maternal health conditions, further analysis showed no significant differences over time, indicating that maternal health did not directly affect larval settlement during the experiment. These results underscore the vital importance of maternal health in producing viable gametes under compounded environmental and anthropogenic stresses, emphasizing the need to prioritize coral health in sexual propagation for coral culture and restoration. 
Mitigating Hypoxic Stress in Juvenile Abalone (Haliotis squamata) through Optimized Carbohydrate Diets: Insights into Survival and Biochemical Adaptations Dyahruri Sanjayasari; Wahyu Adi Septriono; Supono Supono; Amron Amron; Sesilia Rani Samudra; Mahardhika Nur Permatasari; Hery Irawan; Ainulyakin Hasan Imlani
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 4 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.4.497-506

Abstract

Abalone (Haliotis squamata) is a high value marine mollusk with significant aquaculture potential in Indonesia. However, the production of this species faces major constraints, especially during the grow-out phase, due to high juvenile mortality during transport, primarily caused by hypoxic stress. This study investigated the effect of high carbohydrate diets on the physiological response and survival of juvenile abalone under simulated dry shipping-induced hypoxia. A total of 120 juveniles were fed five diets (Gracilaria sp. as a control, and formulated feeds with 25%, 35%, 45%, and 55% carbohydrate content) for 30 days prior the hypoxia treatment. The juveniles were then subjected to hypoxic conditions for 6, 12, and 24 h. All abalones survived the feeding period, but only individuals fed with 55% carbohydrate survived after 24 h of hypoxia. Abalones receiving 45% and 55% carbohydrate diets showed the highest protein and carbohydrate accumulation, respectively. Biochemical analysis revealed that hypoxia triggered a decrease in protein content, stable lipid levels, and fluctuating carbohydrate reserves. These results highlight the critical role of carbohydrates in supporting abalone under hypoxic stress and suggest that carbohydrate enriched diets could reduce mortality during dry transport and improve aquaculture outcomes.
Genetic Identification of Symbiotic Algae (Symbiodiniaceae) in Coral Bleaching on Sambangan Island, Karimunjawa Vina Zubaida; Dwi Haryanti; Munasik Munasik; Diah Permata Wijayanti; Tanya Singh
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 4 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.4.574-585

Abstract

Recently, there has been a global decline of coral reef ecosystems, primarily caused by major threats such as global warming. This phenomenon has a significant negative impact on coral reefs, including rising sea temperatures that trigger of coral bleaching. Composition of symbiotic algae, Symbiodiniaceae, in corals determines how corals respond to environmental stress.  This study aimed to investigate the community of the symbiotic algae during bleaching event by applying molecular identification technique. Coral bleaching samples from different genera were randomly collected from three different location around Sambangan Island, Karimunjawa at the depth of 1 – 2 m. DNA Barcoding of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS1, 5.8 rRNA and ITS2) gene were performed. Our result shows that four types of Symbiodiniaceae were closely related to the symbiotic algae found in this study, i.e. Cladocopium goreaui, Cladocopium sp., Symbiodinium sp. Clade C, and Symbiodinium sp. C1. The phylogenetic tree analysis showed that all the Symbiodiniaceae species found formed a single clade with a low genetic distance value. All of these species belong to the same genus Cladocopium. This type of symbiotic algae is known to have broad tolerance to temperature changes and other stress factors. 
Identification of Dietary Preferences in Groupers from Raja Ampat Reefs Through Mitochondrial DNA Metabarcoding Haqqy Rerian Erlangga; Raissha Amanda Siregar; Nurlita Putri Anggraini; Ester Restiana Endang Gelis; Erin Borbee; Christopher E. Lane; Inna Puspa Ayu; Beginer Subhan; Hawis Madduppa; Meutia Samira Ismet
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 4 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.4.507-518

Abstract

Groupers (Family Serranidae) are well known as top predators in the coral reef ecosystem. This family is one of the most important ecological organisms in the food web at Raja Ampat reefs. The aim of this study, therefore, was to investigate the food composition as well as the inter and intra-specific competition of two Serranidae species, including Epinephelus malabaricus and Epinephelus areolatus in Waisai, Raja Ampat. This study is expected to fill gaps on groupers food preferences. A total sample were collected at the fish landing site was 6 fish (2 sample of Epinephelus areolatus and 4 sample of Epinephelus malabacrius). DNA Amplification was performed using the COI mithocondrial gene marker (HCOI12198 and LCOI1490 primers). Bioinformatics and data analysis using QIIME 2 and R Software. This further comprised of α and β diversities. The results showed that Serranidae diet composition comprise of 13 species. Epinephelus malabaricus species demonstrated more diet composition varieties than Epinephelus areolatus. The most abundant diet found in all fishes’ gut samples was come from Scianidae family. The results indicate that there is an absence of any interspecific competition between the two species studied, due to a wide variation of diet composition. Conversely, intraspesific competitions existed amongst the Epinephelus malabaricus niches. This study highlighted DNA Metabarcoding application in trophic level and food web studies, as well as facilitating the development of information for ecological references.
The Use of Diopatra claparedii Grube, 1878 (Onuphidae, Polychaeta) as a Bioindicator of Heavy Metal Contaminations in the Donan Creek, Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia Sri Lestari; Windriarini Lestari; Eko Setio Wibowo; Phuping Sucharitakul; Joko Pamungkas
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 4 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.4.586-596

Abstract

The Donan Creek is a coastal ecosystem in Central Java that is strongly affected by industrial activities. This study represents the first attempt to use the polychaete worms Diopatra claparedii Grube, 1878 (Onuphidae) as a bioindicator of heavy metal contaminations. The work was conducted between July and September 2023 at four sampling sites, designated from the farthest to the closest to the Indian Ocean. Samples of D. claparedii, sediment and water were collected at each site during low tide. The samples were analyzed for Cd, Cr and Pb concentration using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. In addition, several other environmental parameters were also measured to examine the water quality of the creek. Our study highlights the capability of D. claparedii to accumulate all the three heavy metals. The concentrations of Cd, Cr and Pb in the body tissues of the worms ranged from 29.743 ± 0.011 mg.kg-1 to 50.036 ± 0.028 mg.kg-1, from 21.718 ± 0.024 mg.kg-1 to 40.032 ± 0.052 mg.kg-1, and from 20.068 ± 0.008 mg.kg-1 to 44.030 ± 0.000 mg.kg-1, respectively. These amounts were so far the highest among all other aquatic animals (i.e. bivalves, crustaceans and fishes) used as bioindicators in the Donan Creek. The heavy metal concentrations in D. claparedii were significantly correlated with those in the sediment (p < 0.05). In general, the levels of the metals were considerably higher in the more industrial area than those of the less industrial area (P<0.05). We further found that the concentrations of Cd, Cr and Pb as well as several other environmental parameters including BOD, COD, the total nitrate and phosphate in the water column of the creek did not meet the water quality standards stipulated by the Indonesian Government. These findings indicate that the ecosystem has been polluted by both heavy metals and organic matters. While environmental remediation is urgently required, a comprehensive review and improvement of industrial and domestic waste management practices in the region are equally essential to prevent further degradation.
Remote Sensing-Based Assessment of Seagrass Health and Carbon Sequestration in Wakatobi National Park Eka Fauziah; Nurjannah Nurdin; Yayu A. La Nafie; Muhammad Banda Selamat; Supriadi Supriadi; Muhammad Rijal Idrus; Xuelei Zhang
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 4 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.4.519-532

Abstract

The Wakatobi waters, part of the Wakatobi National Park, host an extensive seagrass ecosystem; however, detailed information on its exact coverage remains relatively scarce. To address this, remote sensing technology is essential for providing a comprehensive overview of the seagrass ecosystem's condition over a broad area in a relatively short time. This study focuses on analyzing the condition of seagrass through both direct measurements and remote sensing, as well as evaluating its carbon content, particularly in Wangi-Wangi Island. Conducted from January to December 2023, the research employed an exploratory approach with purposive sampling to categorize seagrass coverage as low, medium, and high. Seagrass types and total coverage were measured using 1m × 1m quadrat transects. Organic carbon content was analyzed using the Walkley and Black (WB) method, while satellite imagery from Landsat 8 (2013) and Landsat 9 (2023) was used to assess the overall coverage and distribution of seagrass. The study identified nine seagrass species, including Cymodocea serrulata, Cymodocea rotundata, Enhalus acoroides, Halodule pinifolia, Halodule uninervis, Halophila ovalis, Syringodium isoetifolium, Thalassodendron ciliatum, and Thalassia hemprichii. Seagrass conditions ranged from low (26.20%) to medium (62.50%) and high (80.48%). The seagrass area declined from 2,209.4 ha in 2013 to 2,044 ha in 2023. Average carbon content was 4.29 Mg C.ha-1, with carbon stock estimates between 755,844.82 and 11,984,600.79 Mg C.ha-1. The decline in seagrass coverage in Wangi-Wangi Island is attributed to environmental degradation and human activities, including coastal development. Denser seagrass areas were found to have greater carbon sequestration potential, emphasizing the ecological significance of maintaining healthy seagrass ecosystems.
Potential of Marine Sponge-Associated Fungi (Callyspongia sp.) as Textile Dye Biodegradation Agents Erlita Dwi Octaviani; Agus Trianto; Ocky Karna Radjasa; Bambang Yulianto; Agus Sabdono; Erin M. Cauley
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 4 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.4.597-612

Abstract

Textile industries generate large volumes of wastewater containing synthetic dyes such as azo, naphthol, and rhodamine B, which are highly resistant to degradation and pose significant environmental risks when discharged into aquatic ecosystems. These dyes can be toxic to aquatic life, disrupt food chains, and cause long-term pollution. This study aimed to evaluate the biodegradation potential of marine fungi isolated from the sponge Callyspongia sp. as a natural and eco-friendly solution for textile dye removal. Two fungal isolates, RA.S12.1 and RA.S12.2, were tested on solid and liquid media with 200 ppm dye concentrations. Isolation involved collecting sponges from marine environments and culturing them on selective media to obtain fungal colonies. Decolorization was assessed through qualitative observations (changes in growth zone color) and quantitative analyses using UV-Vis spectrophotometry to measure absorbance reductions at specific wavelengths, as well as CMYK color measurements to quantify objective color intensity changes. Results indicated that isolate RA.S12.2 achieved the highest decolorization percentage of 64.8% for Azo Mordant Black 17 after 7 days of incubation, while RA.S12.1 reached only 30.1%. Molecular identification via ITS rDNA gene sequencing confirmed both isolates as Penicillium citrinum with 100% homology. These findings suggest that marine-derived P. citrinum holds strong potential as a bioremediation agent for textile dye degradation, offering an environmentally friendly alternative for wastewater treatment in coastal and marine areas impacted by industrial pollution. This approach could provide a sustainable alternative to conventional chemical methods, with broader applications in mitigating global aquatic pollution. Further research is needed to optimize conditions and test at an industrial scale.
Microplastic Abundance in The Flesh, Gills, and Stomachs of Pelagic Fish in Muncar Water, Banyuwangi, East Java Sonia Putri Maulidya; Syarifah Hikmah Julinda Sari; Mochamad Arif Zainul Fuad; Feni Iranawati; Sabine Matallana-Surget; Aida Sartimbul
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 4 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.4.557-573

Abstract

The accumulation of microplastics in fish has become a significant concern in Muncar Waters, East Java, particularly in Bali sardinella (Sardinella lemuru) and scad (Decapterus sp.), which are two of the main catch commodities. Fish samples were collected from local fishermen and analyzed in the laboratory using microscopic techniques to identify and classify microplastic particles based on type and color.  A total of 1,322 microplastic particles were detected across all samples, with the highest abundance in the flesh (39.86%), followed by gills (31.01%) and stomachs (29.12%). Fragments were the dominant microplastic type (76.70%), while fibers (15.58%) and films (6.73%) occurred in lower proportions.Purple-colored particles were the most abundant (57.75%), followed by red (11.72%) and transparent (9.00%) microplastics., indicating it is the most contaminated species. This condition is likely due to the degradation of plastic materials, which enter the marine environment through various anthropogenic activities, including improper waste disposal, fishing gear degradation, and industrial runoff. This study highlights the need for improved waste management, stricter regulations, and community awareness to mitigate marine plastic pollution, contributing to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2, 12, 14, and 15. The findings emphasize the urgent need for enhanced waste management practices, stricter regulations on plastic pollution, and increased public awareness regarding the risks of microplastic contamination. The research underscores the significance of consuming safe and nutritious food, promoting ocean conservation, encouraging responsible plastic consumption, and preserving marine biodiversity. Further investigation is necessary to understand the long-term effects of microplastic accumulation in fish and the related risks to the food chain, particularly in human health implications and ecological sustainability.

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