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ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 08537291     EISSN : 24067598     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Earth & Planetary Sciences
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences (IJMS) is dedicated to published highest quality of research papers and review on all aspects of marine biology, marine conservation, marine culture, marine geology and oceanography.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 743 Documents
 71   72   73   74   75 
Post-Rehabilitation Dynamics of Mangrove Vegetation in Tarakan, North Kalimantan Wiharyanto, Dhimas; Ilman, Muhamad; Salim, Gazali; Hidayat, Wahyu; Ransangan, Julian; Arief, Mochamad Candra Wirawan; Zahidah, Zahidah; Rahman, Abdur; Mujiyanto, Mujiyanto
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 3 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.3.345-358

Abstract

This research examined the post-rehabilitation dynamics of the mangrove ecosystem in the Mangrove and Crab Conservation Area, Tarakan, North Kalimantan, four years after the launch of a community-based restoration program in 2019. The objectives were to evaluate species composition, vegetation structure, and the survival of mangrove seedlings within rehabilitated plots. The sampling was done on purpose in areas that show the main ecological features of the site. This study found five types of mangrove trees: Avicennia alba, Rhizophora mucronata, Avicennia marina, Sonneratia alba, and Xylocarpus granatum. It is fewer than the ten species that were there in the past. Among these, Avicennia alba consistently dominated both the mature and seedling stages, recording the highest relative density (72.56%), frequency (42.86%), and canopy cover (78.08%). Its naturally regenerating seedlings reached a survival rate of 52%, substantially higher than the 17% recorded for planted Rhizophora mucronata. The Avicennia alba is particularly well adapted to the prevailing site conditions, mainly owing to its tolerance of sediment disturbance and variable salinity. This outcome highlights the importance of Assisted Natural Regeneration (ANR) that employs locally adapted species, offering a more practical, cost-effective, and sustainable approach than conventional planting methods. Although there have been some improvements, the decrease in species numbers shows the ecosystem is still in the early stages of recovery. To make sure it stays healthy and strong for the future, it is important to keep the water flowing properly, reduce human impact, and keep up with regular checks and monitoring.
Drivers of Tidal Flooding and Coastal Vulnerability in the Riau Islands, Indonesia: A Time-Series Analysis (2022-2024) Latifah, Laila; Pranowo, Widodo Setiyo; Mujiasih, Subekti; Ratnawati, Herlina Ika; Hatmaja, Rahaden Bagas; Suhana, Mario Putra; Setiyadi, Johar; Lelalette, Johanis Dominggus; Izzaturrahim, Muh. Hafizh; Ismail, M. Furqon Azis; Syah, Achmad Fachruddin; Ryanto, Fauzan Novan; Setiyono, Heryoso; Helmi, Muhammad
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 3 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.3.425-437

Abstract

The Indonesian Maritime Continent is highly vulnerable to climate variability and change, as exemplified by tidal flooding events in the Riau Islands from 2022 to 2024. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of sea level dynamics and anomalies associated with tidal flooding (rob) and identify the contributing factors. Data on tidal flooding events were gathered from press and online social media reports, while additional information on significant wave height, ocean currents, and wind was obtained from the CMEMS (Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service) Marine Copernicus archives (marine.copernicus.eu). Observational data from tide gauge stations were also accessed via the IOC sea level monitoring system (ioc-sealevelmonitoring.org). The findings revealed a high probability of tidal flooding during the north wind season, particularly in January and February. Notably, tidal elevations during flooding events reached 3.06 m on January 25, 2023, 3.00 m on February 21, 2023, and 3.09 m on February 12, 2024. These events were driven by a combination of oceanographic and atmospheric factors, including high tidal ranges during spring tides, strong wind speeds averaging 19.04 to 21.43 knots in January–February 2023 and 18.65 knots in February 2024, dominant southward current patterns, and significant wave heights reaching up to 1.08 m. The alignment of the sun, moon, and earth during full and new moon phases amplified gravitational forces, causing elevated sea levels. Furthermore, strong winds during the north wind season contributed to higher wave heights, intensifying flooding impacts. Analysis of current patterns indicates that the highest speeds were recorded during the northern wind season, specifically in January and February, which coincides with the tidal flooding events. The currents predominantly moved southward, aligning with the wind direction during this season. This study reveals oceanographic and atmospheric interactions driving tidal flooding, offering insights for mitigation and adaptation to enhance resilience in vulnerable coastal regions.
GC-MS Analysis and In Silico Molecular Docking Study of Caulerpa racemosa Microcapsules Under Heat Exposure Dewi, Eko Nurcahya; Purnamayati, Lukita; Yuliani, Yuliani; Matanjun, Patricia
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 3 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.3.359-372

Abstract

Caulerpa racemosa is a nutritionally rich green seaweed with bioactive properties, but its components are sensitive to high temperatures. The application of microencapsulation protects its bioactive compounds during exposure to high temperatures, which can otherwise cause degradation. This study aims to investigate the primary bioactive components in C. racemosa microcapsules subjected to high temperatures (120°C, 140°C, and 160°C) for 5 h. The phytoconstituents were identified using GC-MS. Additionally, an in-silico analysis, including ADME profiling and molecular docking, was conducted using BIOVIA Discovery Studio to assess the pharmacokinetic properties and potential biological interactions of the identified compounds. GC-MS analysis revealed that microcapsules treated at 120°C contained propane 2,2-diethoxy, while at 140°C, two additional compounds, furfural, and 2-furancarboxaldehyde, 5-methyl-, were identified. However, no active compounds were detected in microcapsules treated at 160 °C. Volatile compounds from the alcohol, aldehyde, furan, and ester groups increased with higher temperatures, particularly aldehydes and furans between 120°C and 140°C. The PASS database highlighted the potential of C. racemosa microcapsules in the development of safe, next-generation drugs, that adhere to ADMET properties. Molecular docking studies were performed with NF-κB and MMP-9 receptors. Among the tested compounds, 2-furancarboxaldehyde, 5-methyl- demonstrated the highest affinity for macromolecular targets. This compound's amine group showed strong binding to MMP-9 at Val A:398, suggesting its potential as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent to mitigate illness.
A Comparative Analysis of Arm Regeneration in Astropecten indicus and Ophiocnemis marmorata Bazeer, Asbar Banu; Sekar, Divya; Nagarajan, Prithiviraj; Rangarajalu, Kumar; Sivanandham, Mohan
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 3 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.3.465-474

Abstract

Echinoderms are renowned for their exceptional regenerative abilities, but interspecies comparisons have lacked rigorous quantitative analysis. This study compares arm regeneration in Astropecten indicus and Ophiocnemis marmorata under controlled conditions (37±0.7 ppt salinity, 17±0.3°C). Following 1 cm arm amputations (n=10/species), O. marmorata formed blastemas in 48–72 h, significantly faster than A. indicus (72–120 h, P<0.01). By week 5, 90% of O. marmorata had regrown arms to 2.0±0.2 cm, while only 55% of A. indicus achieved 1.8–2.0±0.3 cm by week 6. O. marmorata developed tube feet by week 2, compared to week 3 in A. indicus, and regained full mobility by week 4, while A. indicus required 5–6 weeks. Scarring was minimal in O. marmorata (<5%), compared to 15% in A. indicus. The survival rate of O. marmorata was higher (80%) compared to A. indicus (60%). These findings reveal distinct regenerative strategies: O. marmorata regenerates rapidly and without scarring, while A. indicus shows slower, fibrotic healing. The superior performance of O. marmorata, including faster blastema formation and complete anatomical restoration, makes it an ideal model for anti-fibrotic research, stem cell studies, and scaffold-free tissue engineering. This study provides the first quantitative framework for comparing echinoderm regeneration, offering promising insights into potential applications for human regenerative medicine.
Modeling Seasonal Variability of Trophic Index (TRIX) in Indonesian Waters Using PISCES Biogeochemical Data Krisna, Heru Nur; Maslukah, Lilik; Wirasatriya, Anindya; Indrayanti, Elis; Widiaratih, Rikha
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 3 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.3.373-381

Abstract

Eutrophication poses a significant challenge in Indonesian waters, largely due to a lack of data for effective mitigation. This complex issue, characterized by a time lag and multi-phase progression, is triggered by an influx of nutrients like nitrate and phosphate, leading to harmful algal blooms (HABs) that degrade water quality. This study proposes a more comprehensive approach using the Trophic Index (TRIX), which integrates multiple parameters from the PISCES global biogeochemical model data. The PISCES model accurately captures seasonal TRIX trends, with high values in the southern islands during the southeast monsoon and in northern areas during the northwest monsoon. The model's reliability is confirmed by RMSE and Bias data to be quite low, respectively, for Chl-a (0.065, -0.005), Nitrate (0.144, -0.080), Phosphate (0.084, -0.059), and DO (3.109, 0.919), from the World Ocean Database. The highest TRIX values (8-10) were found in Jakarta Bay, while the Lombok Strait had values (5-7), a difference attributed to varying oceanographic conditions. However, it is crucial to consider physical oceanography and boundary conditions when using the TRIX model. So then, model TRIX data is more valuable for informing policy and mitigation plans for the various Indonesian waters, taking into account their unique characteristics. These findings underscore the importance of considering both monsoon cycles and local conditions when assessing eutrophication risk. The TRIX data is therefore a valuable tool for developing informed policies and mitigation plans for Indonesia's diverse coastal areas.
Screening and Profiling of Antioxidant Activity in Mud Crab (Scylla Serrata) from Banyuasin Waters Rozirwan, Rozirwan; Lestari, Ning Intan; Winarta, Yoga; Isnaini, Isnaini; Putri, Wike Ayu Eka; Hendri, Muhammad; Ulqodry, Tengku Zia; Fauziyah, Fauziyah; Melki, Melki; Nugroho, Redho Yoga; Mohamed, Che Abd Rahim
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 3 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.3.438-452

Abstract

Mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) as one of the crustacean species, has a variety of bioactive compounds that can be utilized in the field of pharmacology. Antioxidant compounds act as therapeutic agents against degenerative diseases. Banyuasin waters have mangrove vegetation with associated marine organisms that have the potential to be studied for bioactive compounds. This study aims to identify the phytochemical profile quantitatively and qualitatively, samples were collected from mud flats near mangrove ecosystems in Banyuasin waters, South Sumatra. Samples were tested for antioxidant activity using the DPPH test, and IC50 values, qualitative phytochemical identification, and phytochemical profiles were calculated using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Based on the results of antioxidant testing, the IC50 value of S. serrata extract is 2.25 ppm, the sample is included in the category of very strong antioxidants. Phytochemical test results showed that the compound is thought to contain antioxidant activity from flavonoids and triterpenoids. GC-MS analysis detected major compound groups of alkaloids, purines, and vitamins. Minor compound groups detected amines, terpenoids, monosaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids, silanes, formamides, heterocycles, carboxylic acids, aminoglycosides, naphthalene derivatives, nitriles, amides, glycosides, and peptides. S. serrata extract shows very strong antioxidant activity, with major compounds such as alkaloids, purines, and vitamins. S. serrata extract detected compounds that have been reported as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, and antiviral. These findings highlight the pharmaceutical potential of S. serrata as a source of bioactive compounds. The results of this study provide valuable information for the development of alternative medicines derived from marine organisms.
Commercial Probiotics Improve Growth, Feed Efficiency, Nitrogen Removal, Hemocyte Count and Suppression of Vibrio Population in Pacific White Shrimp Culture Utami, Diah Ayu Satyari; Ilham, Ilham; Insani, Liga; Kusmiatun, Anik; Wahyu, Wahyu; Yudiati, Ervia; Rahman, Rahman; Albasri, Hatim; Szuzter, Brian Walter
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 3 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.3.395-410

Abstract

The Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) is a key species in global aquaculture, particularly under intensive farming systems where high stocking densities often lead to deteriorating water quality, disease outbreaks, and reliance on antibiotics. While probiotics are increasingly applied to enhance shrimp health and performance, comparative evidence on the efficacy of different commercial probiotic formulations remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of three commercial probiotic products on growth performance, water quality, microbial populations, and immune response in intensively reared Pacific white shrimp. Shrimp were fed diets supplemented with one of three probiotics (PB, PL, and PMB) or a control diet for 40 days. Growth parameters, nitrogenous waste levels, bacterial counts in water and organs, and total hemocyte count (THC) were analyzed. The PB treatment (multi-strain Bacillus) significantly enhanced specific growth rate (2.99±0.0027% day⁻¹), feed efficiency (57.5±0.09%), weight gain, and THC (3.80 × 10⁵ cells mm⁻³) compared to control (P<0.05). The PB and PMB treatments also reduced total ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate, and Vibrio populations in water and shrimp tissues. Intestinal colonization by beneficial bacteria was highest in PB and PL groups. These results demonstrate that specific probiotic formulations, particularly PB, can improve growth, immunity, and water quality while reducing reliance on antibiotics and water exchange. The findings support the integration of targeted probiotics in sustainable shrimp aquaculture, including biofloc and recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS).
Temporal Variability of Atmospheric Elements in Iraq Marine Water, Northwest of Arabian Gulf Lafta, Ali Abdulridha; Al-Fartusi, Adel J.; Abdullah, Sadiq S.
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 3 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.3.321-328

Abstract

An understanding of climate variability in coastal regions is essential for several aspects of maritime activities in such systems. Even though fluctuations in atmospheric parameters have been widely recorded in a number of Arabian Gulf locations, such variations in the Iraq marine waters are not well understood. This study looked at the atmospheric parameters (atmospheric pressure AP, wind field, air temperature AT) measured between 2017 and 2022 off the coast of Iraq's marine water to estimate the temporal variation of these parameters. However, the results revealed that these parameters vary annually and seasonally. The limitations of AP are alternately at their peak and lowest throughout the winter and summer seasons, respectively. The maximum AP recorded during the study period was 1030.80, while the minimum AP was 989.04 mbar. The AT was at its lowest and highest during the winter and summer, respectively. Correspondingly, the winter wind speeds are lower than the summer wind speeds. Higher wind speeds are frequently caused by the shamal (northwest) wind. However, during the study period, the highest recorded wind speed was 19.9 m.sec-1. Correspondingly, AP oscillates more notably in the winter and spring and less notably in the summer and autumn, while AT oscillates more frequently and over a larger frequency range in the autumn and spring and less frequently in the summer and winter, according to our data. These results can be useful for future developments along the entire coastline of the region in terms of coastal constructions and coastal protection strategies.
Steroidal and Potential Anti-inflammatory Properties of Carteriospongia sp from the Southeast Sulawesi Sea Coast Daud, Nur Saadah; Yodha, Agung Wibawa Mahatva; Musdalipah, Musdalipah; Fusvita, Angriani; Firdayanti, Firdayanti; Sahidin, Sahidin; Arfan, Arfan; Fristiohady, Adryan; Sadarun, Baru
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 3 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.3.453-464

Abstract

Marine sponges are an abundant yet underutilized resource in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, despite their ecological roles and pharmacological potential. Steroidal metabolites are dominant in many sponge species and have been widely recognized for their strong anti-inflammatory activity. However, the chemical composition and biological potential of Carteriospongia sp from Indonesian waters remain unexplored. Carteriospongia sp was extracted using the Soxhlet method, and the chemical profile was analyzed by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS). Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in vitro using the Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) protein denaturation assay, with methylprednisolone as the positive control. Molecular docking studies were performed to assess the interactions between steroidal compounds and BSA protein. GC-MS analysis identified eight steroidal compounds such as 2-methylenecholestan-3-ol (S1), stigmasterol (S2), 4,4-dimethyl-cholesta-8,24-dien-3-ol (S3), 8,14-seco-3,19-epoxyandrostane-8,14-dione, 17-acetoxy-3ß-methoxy-4,4-dimethyl (S4), cholic acid ethyl ester (S5),  (3ß,5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene-3,24,25-triol (S6), stigmastan-3-en-6-ol (S7), ß-sitosterol (S8). The extract demonstrated concentration-dependent inhibition of protein denaturation, achieving 84.81% inhibition at 128 mg.L-1. The IC50 value was 3.71 mg.L-1, comparable to methylprednisolone (IC50 4.45 mg.L-1). Molecular docking revealed that compound S1 and S4 exhibited lower binding energies than other steroids, suggesting stronger stabilization of BSA protein. The findings demonstrate that Carteriospongia sp extract possesses significant anti-inflammatory potential, comparable to methylprednisolone. This study provides novel insights into the bioactive potential of Indonesian marine sponges and emphasizes the importance of further pharmacological and molecular studies to develop sponge-derived steroidal compounds as alternative or complementary anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
The Variability of Paleoproductivity Proxies in Nearshore East Coast Peninsular Malaysia During Holocene Sharif, Hamad Maalim; Minhat, Fatin Izzati; Yunus, Kamaruzzaman; Naim, Erick; Shaari, Hasrizal
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 3 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.3.382-394

Abstract

The Holocene epoch was marked by significant climatic fluctuations that shaped marine productivity across tropical coasts. This study reconstructs Holocene paleoproductivity along the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia, specifically Terengganu (TER16-GC13C) and Kelantan waters (KELC17) using core sediments. A multi-proxy approach was applied, analysing biogenic silica (BSi), total organic carbon (TOC), calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), and elemental ratios (Ca/Al, Ca/Fe, Ba/Al) to evaluate changes in productivity in response to sea-level and monsoonal variability. Results indicate distinct temporal patterns: the early Holocene showed elevated BSi and TOC linked to enhanced nutrient influx during rapid sea-level rise. While the mid-Holocene exhibited reduced carbonate deposition due to strong terrigenous input associated with the East Asian Summer Monsoon and the late Holocene was marked by increased CaCO₃ deposition reflecting reduced riverine input and greater biogenic production during sea-level highstand decline. Elemental ratios corroborate these shifts, highlighting the dynamic interplay between terrigenous and marine sources.These findings demonstrate that sea-level change was a dominant driver of productivity variations, modulated by monsoonal strength. The strong correlation between terrigenous proxies and grain size underlines the role of hydrodynamics in sediment delivery. This study contributes an integrated Holocene paleoproductivity reconstruction for East Coast Peninsular Malaysia, providing a regional baseline that complements South China Sea records. The results enhance understanding of tropical shelf ecosystem sensitivity to climate variability, offering a reference framework for assessing future climate change impacts on coastal productivity. 

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