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ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 08537291     EISSN : 24067598     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Earth & Planetary Sciences
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences (IJMS) is dedicated to published highest quality of research papers and review on all aspects of marine biology, marine conservation, marine culture, marine geology and oceanography.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 753 Documents
 72   73   74   75   76 
Beach Cleanliness and Marine Debris Characteristics for Sustainable Coastal Tourism in Prigi Bay, Indonesia Syamsuddin, Maura Fayza Dwinanda; Nevandra, Adinda Prameswari Aisyah; Yona, Defri; Yamindago, Ade; Sari, Syarifah Hikmah Julinda; Yanuar, Adi Tiya
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 3 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.3.329-344

Abstract

Tourist activity significantly impacts coastal ecosystems, often leading to increased marine debris pollution. This study examines the influence of tourism on beach cleanliness by analyzing marine debris composition, abundance, and Clean Coast Index (CCI) at four recreational beaches in Prigi Bay, Trenggalek, Indonesia (Cengkrong, Prigi, Karanggongso, and Mutiara). Sampling was conducted in March–April 2024, using a 5×5 m quadrat transect method placed at 20 m intervals along the shoreline in the backshore zone. The Mann-Whitney U test was applied to assess differences in debris accumulation between weekdays and weekends. Results indicated that plastic debris was the dominant type across all sites, with debris abundance slightly higher on weekends (54%) than weekdays (46%). Moreover, the mass of accumulated debris was significantly greater on weekends (1.93 items.m⁻², 8.86 g.m⁻²) than on weekdays (1.57 items.m⁻², 4.69 g.m⁻²), primarily due to an increase in larger debris items (10–100 cm), likely associated with tourism-related waste such as food packaging and recreational items. Despite these fluctuations, all beaches exhibited "extremely dirty" CCI scores (>20), indicating persistent pollution beyond tourism activity. Additional contributing factors may include inefficient waste management, fishing-related debris, and marine transport mechanisms. These findings underscore the urgent need for comprehensive waste management strategies, including source reduction, regular cleanups, improved waste disposal infrastructure, and public awareness campaigns, to mitigate long-term environmental and socio-economic impacts in Prigi Bay. Furthermore, integrating this measure into sustainable coastal tourism planning is crucial to balance recreational use with environmental preservation.
Blue Carbon Potential of Mangrove Ecosystems in Jakarta Bay for Climate Change Mitigation Dawi, Mario Raja Sani; Sulistiono, Sulistiono; Kamal, Mohammad Mukhlis
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 3 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.3.475-484

Abstract

Mangrove ecosystems are crucial for sustaining tropical coastal environments and play a vital role in climate change mitigation through their capacity to sequester and store blue carbon in both vegetation and sediment. Despite their ecological value, mangroves in Jakarta Bay are under increasing pressure from coastal development, land conversion, pollution, and unsustainable exploitation. These anthropogenic threats reduce mangrove cover and diminish their ability to function as carbon sinks. This study examined mangrove carbon stocks at four locations Muara Village, Kapuk Muara, Marunda, and Muara Jaya Village through vegetation surveys, biomass measurement, and the calculation of the Important Value Index (IVI) to analyze species composition and dominance. The results demonstrated considerable variation in biomass and carbon reserves across sites. Muara Village recorded the highest biomass (558.72 tons ha⁻¹) and carbon stock (262.59 tons ha⁻¹), followed by Kapuk Muara (411.18 tons ha⁻¹), Muara Jaya (365.39 tons ha⁻¹), and Marunda, which had the lowest values (208.9 tons ha⁻¹). Dominant species included Rhizophora mucronata and Avicennia marina, reflecting their ecological adaptability and contribution to blue carbon storage. The findings emphasize that mangrove areas with higher biomass and carbon reserves are critical for maintaining ecosystem resilience in Jakarta Bay. Conservation and restoration should therefore prioritize sites with strong carbon storage potential, while degraded areas require rehabilitation to enhance ecological services. Strengthening mangrove management will not only support biodiversity and coastal protection but also contribute significantly to regional climate change mitigation strategies through the preservation of blue carbon.
GIS-based Geospatial Risk Modeling of Extreme Waves and Abrasion on the West Coast of Sumatra Simarmata, Nirmawana; Wijayanti, Goldie Melinda; Nadzir, Zulfikar Adlan; Al Farishi, Bilal; Hendrawan, Rezki Naufan
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 3 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.3.411-424

Abstract

Indonesia, with its second-longest coastline in the world, is vulnerable to coastal disasters such as extreme waves and coastal abrasion. Pesisir Barat Regency in Sumatra is one of the regions that is vulnerable to these threats. Extreme waves, although rarely occur because of tropical cyclones, can be triggered by the influence of cyclones in the Indian Ocean. In addition, coastal abrasion caused by the interaction of waves, currents, and winds is increasingly threatening coastal areas. This research aims to identify the risk of extreme waves and abrasion disasters in Pesisir Barat Regency using a research-based approach to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and multi-criteria analysis. Data on marine hydrodynamics, coastal topography, and land cover conditions are integrated to produce disaster risk maps. The risk analysis results show that the Ngaras sub-district and several other sub-districts, such as Bangkunat, Lemong, and Ngambur, have a high level of risk, with a total risk area reaching 0.398 square kilometers (km2). Meanwhile, most other sub-districts are in the low-risk class. Key factors influencing the risk level include coastal topography, vegetation cover, and the intensity of human activities in coastal areas. This study highlights the importance of coastal zone management based on risk mitigation and the need to protect coastal ecosystems to reduce disaster impacts. The findings are expected to serve as a reference for disaster mitigation policy planning in Pesisir Barat and other coastal areas. Additionally, these results could be utilized to develop holistic and practical disaster reduction effort by related stakeholders and coastal communities.
Teripang, Sea Cucumber (Stichopus sp.) Fractions Induce Apoptosis in Liver Cancer Cell Line (HepG2) Andriani, Yosie; Kassim, Murni Nur Islamiah; Oksal, Efriyana; Rosmiati, Rosmiati; Bakar, Kamariah; Aziz, Nur Asniza; Syamsumir, Desy Fitrya; Kholieqoh, Alifah Husnun; Sung, Yeong Yik; Sarjono, Purbowatiningrum Ria; Hudiyanti, Dwi; Tengku Muhammad, Tengku Sifzizul
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 31, No 1 (2026): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.31.1.71-78

Abstract

Cancer remains a major global health problem, prompting continuous exploration of marine organisms as sources of novel bioactive compounds. This study evaluated the cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing activities of F9 and F10 fractions obtained from methanolic extracts of sea cucumber (Stichopus sp.) against the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 as an in vitro cancer model. Sea cucumber samples were extracted using methanol maceration and subsequently fractionated through Medium Pressure Liquid Chromatography (MPLC) to obtain bioactive fractions. Cytotoxic activity was assessed using the MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) assay after 24, 48, and 72 h of incubation to determine cell viability. Apoptotic effects were examined using Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) staining, followed by fluorescence microscopy to evaluate morphological changes associated with apoptosis. The results demonstrated that both fractions exhibited significant cytotoxic effects on HepG2 cells in a time-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 14 µg.ml-1 for the F9 fraction and 23 µg.ml-1 for the F10 fraction after 72 h of treatment. Among the tested fractions, F9 showed stronger cytotoxic activity at lower concentrations. Morphological observations revealed typical apoptotic characteristics such as cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, nuclear condensation, and phosphatidylserine externalization, indicating apoptosis as the predominant mechanism of cell death. These findings demonstrate that Stichopus sp. contains bioactive compounds with anticancer potential. This study highlights the importance of marine invertebrates as natural resources for biomedical applications and supports the development of marine biotechnology strategies for cancer therapy. Further investigations are needed to identify the active compounds responsible and clarify their molecular mechanisms of action.
Changes in Pelagic Fisheries Composition in Relation to Climate Change: A Case Study of Prigi Waters, East Java Julianinda, Yanida Azhari; Iranawati, Feni; Yona, Defri; Khaidar, Zulfan; Sartimbul, Aida
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 31, No 1 (2026): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.31.1.15-25

Abstract

The variability of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a distribution in the southern waters of East Java is heavily influenced by the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) phenomenon. This study examines oceanographic parameter variability, their relationship with the IOD from 2003 to 2014, and fishing dynamics in the southern waters of East Java, particularly at PPN Prigi. Data utilized include SST and chlorophyll-a from Aqua-MODIS satellites, the Dipole Mode Index (DMI), and 12 years of fish production records. The analysis reveals significant fluctuations in SST and chlorophyll-a, with a strong inverse relationship (correlation: –0.677), where chlorophyll-a concentrations rise as SST decreases. Positive IOD events reduce SST, while negative IOD events increase SST, with correlations of –0.591 for SST and IOD and 0.601 for chlorophyll-a and IOD. During the positive IOD events of 2006–2008, SST decreased, leading to increased fish production. Conversely, the negative IOD in 2010 raised SST, contributing to a decline in fish stocks. Over the 12-year period, a notable increase in Bali Sardinella and skipjack production was observed, despite a sharp decrease in 2010 caused by higher SST levels. This study highlights the importance of understanding the interactions between SST, chlorophyll-a, and IOD in developing sustainable fisheries management strategies. These insights can support efforts to optimize fish resource utilization, mitigate the impacts of climate variability, and ensure long-term fisheries productivity in the southern waters of East Java, particularly for strengthening adaptive resource planning within climate-sensitive pelagic ecosystems and supporting informed decision-making for regional fisheries policies and sustainable blue-growth initiatives.
Antibacterial Activity Against Acne-Causing Bacteria and Compound Profiling of Bacteria Associated with the Black Gum Sea Cucumber (Holothuria leucospilota) Arumawati, Novia Ashilia; Janatiningrum, Isra; Fitriyanti, Fitriyanti; Anggia, Vivi
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 31, No 1 (2026): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.31.1.79-86

Abstract

Sea cucumbers (Holothuria leucospilota) have significant potential as sources of antibacterial compounds. These organisms live in association with bacteria that produce secondary metabolites exhibiting biological activities similar to those of their hosts, including antibacterial effects. Acne is an inflammatory condition that can be exacerbated by acne-causing bacteria such as Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes. Although antibiotics are commonly used for treatment, their effectiveness has increasingly been compromised by the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Bacteria associated with H. leucospilota therefore represent a promising alternative source of antibacterial agents due to their ability to produce bioactive secondary metabolites. This study aimed to characterize the macroscopic and microscopic diversity of these bacteria, evaluate their antibacterial activity against S. epidermidis and P. acnes, and analyze the chemical profiles of their ethyl acetate fractions. Bacterial isolation was conducted using Sea Water Complete Agar (SWCA), and antibacterial activity was assessed using the TLC bioautography method with iodonitrotetrazolium chloride (INT) as a growth indicator. A total of 12 bacterial isolates were obtained, comprising 10 isolates from the internal tissues and 2 isolates from the external surface of H. leucospilota. Antibacterial screening showed that 11 of the 12 isolates were active against S. epidermidis, while 8 isolates exhibited activity against P. acnes. Phytochemical screening indicated that phenolic and terpenoid compounds were the bioactive constituents responsible for the observed antibacterial activity.
DNA Barcoding of Snapper Fish (Lutjanus spp.) from Kaimana and Fakfak, West Papua Ariyani, Destia Fitri; Kusuma, Wahyu Endra; Pranata, Bayu; Manangkalangi, Emmanuel; Jeni, Jeni; Toha, Abdul Hamid A.; Dailami, Muhammad
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 31, No 1 (2026): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.31.1.26-36

Abstract

Kaimana and Fakfak are two regions in West Papua which have high biodiversity. The total fish production in Kaimana and Fakfak are 10,039 tons.y-1 and 17,806 tons.y-1, respectively. The snapper fish (Lutjanus spp.) is one of the important economic commodities in Kaimana and Fakfak regions. There has been a decrease in the number of exports of snapper fish in 2018 to 2019 from 4,742 tons to 4,290 tons due to overfishing and environmental pollution. This study employed DNA barcoding technology to identify the species of snapper fish collected from Kaimana and Fakfak. The DNA isolation was conducted by using genomic DNA mini kit (tissue) and the amplification of COI gene with Go Taq green master mix. Agarose gel electrophoresis was used to visualize the PCR product.  A total of 16 sequences with length 654 base pairs of COI gene were identified as five species of Lutjanidae, which were Lutjanus decussatus, L. gibbus, L. quinquelineatus, L. malabaricus, and L. johnii. Homology analysis with BLAST NCBI and BOLD System showed that all samples have similarity of 99.08-100% and query cover of 93-100%. Relationship analysis using phylogenetic tree and genetic distances showed results of intraspecific close relatives (0.001-0.016) and interspecific distant relatives (>0.1000). The phylogenetic tree illustrated that all species of Lutjanidae are separated into monophyletic clades. DNA barcoding technology successfully identified the snapper fish collected from Kaimana and Fakfak. 
Evaluating Fresh Earthworm as an Alternative Feed for the Spiny Lobster Panulirus homarus: Growth and Immune Responses Soffa, Fawzan Bhakti; Firdaus, Muhammad; Sinaga, Sunarti
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 31, No 1 (2026): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.31.1.87-98

Abstract

Limited feed availability is one of the major challenges in scaling up lobster aquaculture in Indonesia. At present, most lobster farmers rely heavily on trash fish, mainly sardines, which are nutritionally unbalanced, compete with human consumption, and are subject to seasonal fluctuations in price and availability. This study evaluated the use of earthworms as an alternative feed for juvenile scalloped spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus), assessing their nutritional value and effects on growth, survival, and immune responses. A 63-day feeding trial was conducted with four treatments and three replicates per treatment: 100% fish (Control), 70% fish + 30% earthworm (R7C3), 30% fish + 70% earthworm (R3C7), and 100% earthworm (C10). Hemolymph samples were collected to analyze total hemocyte count (THC) and phenoloxidase (PO) activity alongside growth measurements. Lobsters fed earthworm-based diets (C10, R3C7, and R7C3) exhibited significantly higher specific growth rates (0.98–1.73%/day) compared with the control (0.42–0.59%.day-1). Survival followed a similar pattern, with markedly higher rates in earthworm-fed groups (60–75%) than in the control (~25%). Immune parameters, including THC and PO activity, were significantly elevated in lobsters receiving earthworm diets. These findings demonstrate that earthworms are a promising, sustainable feed alternative that improves growth, survival, and immunity in P. homarus, reducing dependence on trash fish in lobster aquaculture.
Utilization of COI Marker for Species Identification and Population Delineation of White Shrimp in the Demak Waters, Indonesia Karosekali, Jasiel Junior; Kholilah, Nenik; Syam, Almay Atsiil Harits; Subagiyo, Subagiyo; Wijayanti, Diah Permata; Bachtiar, Muggi
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 31, No 1 (2026): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.31.1.37-48

Abstract

White shrimp is one of the largest artisanal capture fisheries commodities in Demak. The utilization of these shrimps often overlooks their species category as they are mostly white in appearance. Growing trend of shrimp fishing may affect shrimp management due to population declination to the genetic level since the genetic data are insufficient. Hence, we aim to identify and study the genetic diversity of white shrimp caught in Demak Waters to provide an overview as a reference for fishery improvement project. A random purposive sampling method was used to collect a total of 90 white shrimp specimens from four fishing grounds (Babalan, Gojoyo, Menco, and Seklenting) in the Demak Waters. Specimens were extracted using Chelex 10%, amplified using PCR, and sequenced by the Sanger method based on the mtDNA COI gene. This research revealed the presence of five species of white shrimp: Penaeus merguiensis, Fenneropenaeus penicillatus, Penaeus vannamei, Metapenaeus brevicornis, and Metapenaeus ensis. The genetic diversity studies were continued using the Penaeus merguiensis species only. The results showed 17 haplotypes with a genetic diversity (Hd) of 0.6936 and a nucleotide diversity of 0.00108, which express moderate genetic diversity. Population analysis using Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) indicated a non-significant difference between the four study populations (panmictic population) with an FST value of 0.00756 (P-value < 0.05). Based on these results, an adequate management of stock is important. For instance, an open-closed season is needed in order to sustain and reduce capture pressure on the white shrimp population in Demak waters.
Alginate and Spirulina Vast-Promoting Immune Activity and Resistance to Diverse Vibrio Species in Litopenaeus vannamei Culture Yudiati, Ervia; Trianto, Agus; Sarjito, Sarjito; Utami, Diah Ayu Satyari; Karim, Murni; Azhar, Nuril
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 31, No 1 (2026): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.31.1.49-60

Abstract

Litopenaeus vannamei is a key species in global aquaculture; however, its susceptibility to vibriosis presents a persistent challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with alginate and Spirulina hot water extract (SWE) on the immune response and gene expression associated with pathogen resistance. Shrimp fed diets containing 3 g·kg⁻¹ of alginate and 5 mg·kg⁻¹ of SWE exhibited marked improvements in immune parameters, including total hemocyte count, phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, phenoloxidase activity, and superoxide dismutase levels, as measured on days 3 and 7 (P< 0.05). Following challenge with Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, and V. harveyi, treated shrimp demonstrated a 90% survival rate compared to 0% in the control group. Gene expression analysis revealed a 2-fold and 1.5-fold upregulation of prophenoloxidase (proPO) and lipopolysaccharide β-glucan binding protein (LGBP), respectively, indicating the activation of the proPO cascade and pathogen recognition pathways. These results provide direct evidence that alginate and SWE act as immunostimulants by modulating hemocyte function and immune-related gene expression. The findings of the present study suggest that oral supplementation with these natural bioactive compounds can serve as a functional dietary strategy to enhance disease resilience in shrimp and promote more sustainable aquaculture systems, in seven days period.

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