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Ascidians Outbreak: A Threat For Coral Reefs in Panjang Island, Jepara Dwi Haryanti; Diah Permata Wijayanti; Bambang Yulianto; Mada Triandala Sibero; Lutfillah Arief Ghinaa Shabrina
Jurnal Kelautan Tropis Vol 24, No 3 (2021): JURNAL KELAUTAN TROPIS
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkt.v24i3.13140

Eutrophication and sedimentation have become a major threat to coral reefs in nearby areas with anthropogenic activities. These threats are often accompanied by shifting ecosystems from coral-rich to fast-growing algae-dominated water, and high prevalence of coral disease. In Panjang Island, Jepara, we observed the outbreak of photosynthetic ascidians along with a high sedimentation at the eastern part of the island. The ascidians were seen overgrowing most substrates including corals, macroalgae, dead-coral-algae, and rubbles in April to May 2019. In July and August 2019, observation and data collection using quadrant transect were conducted to monitor the outbreak. The result showed that ascidians were still present in the area, despite becoming pale and smaller. This report shows that the outbreak of these photosynthetic ascidians was not persistent, however, the effect on coral reef health should not be overlooked.

Prevalensi Penyakit Karang di Pulau Menjangan Besar Karimunjawa Nining Nursalim; Agus Trianto; Muhammad Syaifudien Bahry; Dwi Haryanti; Raden Ario; Raja Aditia Sahala Siagian; Akhmad Tri Prasetyo
Jurnal Kelautan Tropis Vol 25, No 1 (2022): JURNAL KELAUTAN TROPIS
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkt.v25i1.13208

Coral disease can cause coral damage on Menjangan Besar Island, Karimunjawa. Floating net cages adjacent to coral reefs can affect coral health. Floating net cages can affect water quality by adding nutrients, such as nitrate (205.6 and phosphate 39.2/ton fish production). Nutrients and environmental factors can trigger and cause coral disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the existence of floating net cages on the prevalence of coral disease on Menjangan Besar Island, Karimunjawa. The research was conducted using a survey method, data collection using a proportional method, the results of the data will be analyzed descriptively. The results of the study found Black Band Disease, Brown Band Disease, Ulcerative White Pox, White syndrome, Yellow Bloch Disease, Pigmentation responses, White Plague and White Band Disease. Water parameters such as temperature ranged from 30.71-30.750C, salinity 32.7-33.20/00, current velocity 0.03-0.06 m/s, nitrate 0.586-1,128 mg/L and phosphate 0.064-0.133 mg/ L. The most common disease is Ulcerative White Pox. The prevalence of coral disease is influenced by the presence of floating net cages, it can be seen in A1, A2 and A3 with prevalence values (39.85, 43.61 and 33.14) which are higher than B1 and B2 (14.41 and 10,6). Penyakit karang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan karang di Pulau Menjangan Besar Karimunjawa. Karamba jaring apung yang berdampingan dengan terumbu karang dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan karang. Karamba jaring apung dapat mempengaruhi kualitas air dengan menambah nutrien, seperti Nitrat (205,6 dan fosfat 39,2/ton produksi ikan. Nutrien dan faktor lingkungan dapat menjadi pemicu dan penyebab penyakit karang. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh keberadaan karamba jaring apung terhadap prevelensi penyakit karang di Pulau Menjangan Besar Karimunjawa. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei, pengambilan data dengan metode porposif, hasil data akan disanalisis secara deskiptif. Hasil penelitian ditemukan penyakit Black Band Disease, Brown Band Disease, Ulcerative White Pox, White syndrome, Yellow Bloch Disease, Pigmentation responses, White Plague dan White Band Disease. Parameter perairan seperti temperatur berkisar 30,71-30,750C, salinitas 32,7-33,20/00, kecepatan arus 0,03-0,06 m/s, nitrat 0,586-1,128 mg/L dan fosfat 0,064-0,133 mg/L. Penyakit paling banyak ditemukan adalah Ulcerative White Pox. Prevelensi penyakit karang dipengaruhi oleh keberadaan karamba jaring apung, dapat terlihat pada A1, A2 dan A3 dengan nilai prevalensi (39,85, 43,61 dan 33,14) yang lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan B1 dan B2 (14,41 dan 10,6).

PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DESA NYAMUK, KECAMATAN KARIMUNJAWA MELALUI TEKNOLOGI PEMBUATAN GARAM MENGGUNAKAN BAKTERI HALOFILIK DAN TEKNIK ULIR FILTER (TUF) Wilis Ari Setyati; Diah Permata Wijayanti; Dwi Haryanti; Andri Cahyo Kumoro
Panrita Abdi - Jurnal Pengabdian pada Masyarakat Vol. 6 No. 3 (2022): Jurnal Panrita Abdi - Juli 2022
Publisher : LP2M Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/pa.v6i3.14622

Nyamuk Island is located in the west part of the Karimunjawa islands where most of the local people are fishers who depend on fisheries as their main livelihood. Due to limited knowledge and facilities, many fisheries commodities are not utilized optimally. One of the basic needs of the local community is salt. Salt is an essential food ingredient in life. Community service activities through a creative business development program on salt production are offered as a solution to overcome the problem of the lack of salt quality. Ideally, salt would be produced using Thread Filter Technology (TUF) with the addition of halophilic bacteria to speed the crystallization process. The quality of seawater influences the success of making salt using halophilic bacteria. Old seawater (with a salt content of at least 20° Be) is an ideal material for manufacturing salt using halophilic bacteria. One method for obtaining old water is salt production through the Thread Filter Technology (TUF) method. The project results are the salt demplots that produce high-quality salt and the availability of alternative livelihoods for the locals in Nyamuk Village. In the long term, alternative livelihoods such as salt making and fisheries product diversification will reduce pressure on the environment and prevent fishing from being carried out extensively. The availability of good quality salt for fish processing can extend fish marketing distribution chain quality and create new job opportunities for homemakers/widows so that they are provided an opportunity to have an income. The project results concluded that the Community Leading Commodity Strengthening activity carried out in the Nyamuk Village was beneficial for the community's welfare and the environment. --- Pulau Nyamuk adalah salah satu pulau di kepulauan Karimunjawa dengan sebagian besar masyarakat menjadi nelayan dan memanfaatkan laut sebagai mata pencaharian utama. Namun karena keterbatasan pengetahuan dan fasilitas banyak hasil tangkap tidak dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Salah satu kebutuhan pokok makanan masyarakat setempat adalah garam. Garam merupakan bahan pokok makanan penting dalam kehidupan, untuk itu perlu upaya pemberdayaan masyarakat tentang pembuatan garam. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat melalui program pengembangan usaha kreatif berbasis pembuatan garam ditawarkan sebagai solusi untuk mengatasi permasalahan ketiadaan garam berkualitas di Desa Nyamuk. Pembuatan garam idealnya dilakukan dengan menggunakan penambahan bakteri halofilik yang bertujuan mempercepat proses kristalisasi garam. Keberhasilan pembuatan garam menggunakan bakteri halofilik dipengaruhi oleh kualitas air laut. Air laut tua (yang memiliki kadar garam minimal sama dengan 20° Be) merupakan bahan yang ideal untuk pembuatan garam dengan memanfaatkan bakteri halofilik. Salah satu metode untuk memperoleh air tua dalam pembuatan garam adalah melalui metode Teknologi Ulir Filter (TUF). Hasil pengabdian ini merupakan alternatif tersedianya mata pencaharian bagi penduduk Desa Nyamuk. Hal tersebut merupakan upaya untuk mengurangi tekanan terhadap lingkungan jika terus-menerus dilakukan penangkapan ikan tanpa jeda buka tutup aktivitas penangkapan. Tersedianya garam berkualitas untuk pengolahan ikan diharapkan dapat memperpanjang kualitas ikan maupun rantai distribusi pemasaran ikan. Disamping itu juga tersedianya lapangan kerja baru bagi para ibu rumah tangga/janda sehingga memiliki peluang untuk memiliki penghasilan. Hasil pengabdian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan Penguatan Komoditi Unggulan Masyarakat (PKUM) yang dilaksanakan di Desa Nyamuk bermanfaatkan untuk kesejahteraan masyarakat dan lingkungan.

Kandungan Senyawa Bioaktif dan Aktivitas Biologis Ekstrak Daun Rhizophora apiculata Asal Perairan Teluk Awur, Jepara Mirsa Septiana Mutik; Mada Triandala Sibero; Widianingsih Widianingsih; Subagiyo Subagiyo; Rudhi Pribadi; Dwi Haryanti; Ambariyanto Ambariyanto; Retno Murwani
Jurnal Kelautan Tropis Vol 25, No 3 (2022): JURNAL KELAUTAN TROPIS
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkt.v25i3.14287

Rhizophora apiculata is a type of mangrove that has the ability to adapt to extreme environmental conditions such as temperature, low oxygen levels, and high salinity. This adaptability affects the production of secondary metabolites. Information about the antibacterial activity of this mangrove against MDR (Multi-Drug Resistant) bacteria is still very limited. The content of secondary metabolites produced by mangrove R. apiculata is also expected to affect antioxidant activity against free radicals. The purposes of this study were to examine the presence of bioactive compounds by phytochemical tests and to evaluate the antibacterial activity against MDR bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus subtilis; and antioxidants property of R. Apiculata leaves that were collected from Teluk Awur, Jepara. The leaves were extracted using the multilevel maceration method with solvent sequence n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. Metabolite finger printing using TLC method was carried out to detect the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenolics, quinones, steroids, and triterpenoids. The antibacterial test was carried out using agar well diffusion method while the antioxidant test was carried out using the DPPH method. The results of the phytochemical test showed that there were groups of alkaloids and steroids in the n-hexane solvent; alkaloids, phenolics, and steroids in ethyl acetate solvent; as well as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, and saponins in methanol solvents. The results of this study indicate that R. apiculata from Teluk Awur Coastal Waters, Jepara had no potential as an antibacterial against MDR (Multi-Drug Resistant) bacteria, however the methanol extract has the potential to be used as an antioxidant with an IC50 value of 85.999 ppm. The bioautography showed that compounds from the phenol group, flavonoids, triterpenoids and b-carotene pigments acted as antioxidant agents in the leaf extract of R. apiculata. Rhizophora apiculata merupakan salah satu jenis mangrove yang memiliki kemampuan beradaptasi terhadap kondisi lingkungan ekstrem seperti suhu, kadar oksigen rendah dan salinitas tinggi. Kemampuan beradaptasi tersebut mempengaruhi produksi matabolit sekunder. Informasi mengenai kemampuan aktivitas antibakteri mangrove jenis ini melawan bakteri MDR (Multi Drug Resistent) masih sangat terbatas. Kandungan metabolit sekunder yang dihasilkan mangrove R. apiculata ini juga diharapkan dapat mempengaruhi aktivitas antioksidan melawan radikal bebas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji kandungan senyawa bioaktif serta aktivitas biologis berupa antibakteri melawan bakteri MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus dan Bacillus subtilis; dan antioksidan dari ekstrak daun mangrove R. apiculata asal perairan Teluk Awur, Jepara. Sampel diekstraksi menggunakan 3 pelarut berbeda (n-heksana, etil asetat dan metanol) dengan metode maserasi bertingkat. Analisis metabolit sidik jari dilakukan menggunakan plat KLT untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, fenolik, kuinon, steroid dan triterpenoid. Uji antibakteri dilakukan menggunakan metode sumuran sedangkan uji antioksidan dilakukan menggunakan metode DPPH. Hasil uji fitokimia menunjukkan terdapat golongan senyawa alkaloid dan steroid pada pelarut n-heksana; alkaloid, fenolik dan steroid pada pelarut etil asetat; serta alkaloid, flavonoid, fenolik dan saponin pada pelarut metanol. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa R. apiculata asal perairan Teluk Awur, Jepara tidak potensial sebagai antibakteri melawan bakteri MDR (Multi Drug Resistent), akan tetapi ekstrak metanol potensial digunakan sebagai antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 85,999 ppm. Tahapan bioautografi menunjukkan bahwa senyawa dari golongan fenol, flavonoid, triterpenoid dan pigmen b-karoten berperan sebagai agen antioksidan pada ekstrak daun R. apiculata.

Analisis Kandungan Mikroplastik pada Sedimen di Perairan Semarang, Jawa Tengah Faisal Tegar Ibrahim; Jusup Suprijanto; Dwi Haryanti
Journal of Marine Research Vol 12, No 1 (2023): Journal of Marine Research
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas PerikanJurusan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jmr.v12i1.36506

Kota Semarang merupakan ibukota Provinsi Jawa Tengah serta menjadi pusat bisnis, ekonomi, pendidikan, dan berbagai kegiatan sosial. Hal ini menyebabkan kota ini memiliki produksi sampah yang besar. Sampah plastik, yang merupakan salah satu jenis sampah yang sering ditemukan dapat mengalami degradasi menjadi potongan plastik lebih kecil yang dinamakan mikroplastik. Perairan Semarang dipilih sebagai lokasi penelitian karena Kota Semarang merupakan daerah dengan aktivitas manusia yang tinggi dan menghasilkan banyak limbah plastik yang dapat mengendap dalam sedimen laut. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pencemaran mikroplastik pada sedimen di Perairan Semarang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan sebanyak 4 kali yaitu pada bulan April, Mei, Agustus, dan September 2021 secara purposive sampling menggunakan alat sediment grab di tiga titik berbeda yaitu muara, pantai, dan laut. Sedimen sebanyak 50 gram direndam dalam 100 ml larutan ZnCl2 selama 24 jam. Partikel mikroplastik yang mengambang dipisahkan kemudian direndam dalam 50 ml larutan H2O2 30% selama 24 jam dan disaring dengan menggunakan kertas saring MN (Macherey Nagel). Mikroplastik yang diperoleh diamati menggunakan mikroskop dan dianalisis bentuk, warna dan kelimpahannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa warna dan bentuk mikroplastik yang diperoleh yaitu, berdasarkan bentuknya antara lain fragmen, pelet, film, dan fiber, berdasarkan warnanya antara lain hitam, coklat, merah, kuning, putih, hijau, dan ungu. Kelimpahan mikroplastik pada Bulan April sebanyak 2.577 partikel/kg, Bulan Mei sebanyak 2.058 partikel/kg, Bulan Agustus sebanyak 1.858 partikel/kg, dan Bulan September sebanyak 2.011 partikel/kg. Semarang City is the capital city of Central Java Province as well as being the center of business, economy, education, and various social activities. Plastic waste, which is one type of waste that is often found, can experience degradation into smaller pieces of plastic called microplastics. Semarang Waters were chosen as the research location because Semarang City is an area with high human activity and produces a lot of plastic waste which will later settle in marine sediments. This research was conducted to determine microplastic pollution in sediments in Semarang Waters. Sampling was carried out 4 times in April, May, August, and September 2021 by a purposive sampling using a sediment grab tool at three different points, namely the estuary, beach, and sea. From each sample 50 grams of sediment was immersed in 100 ml of ZnCl2 solution for 24 hours. The floating microplastic particles were separated and then immersed in 50 ml 30% H2O2 solution for 24 hours and filtered using MN (Macherey Nagel) filter paper. The obtained microplastics were observed using a microscope and analyzed for shape, color and abundance. The results showed that these are microplastics in the shape of fragments, pellets, films, and fibers, with the colors of black, brown, red, yellow, white, green, and purple. The abundance of microplastics in April was 2.577 particles kg-1, in May 2.058 particles kg-1, in August 1.858 particles kg-1, and in September 2.011 particles kg-1.

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