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Reaktor
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 08520798     EISSN : 24075973     DOI : https://doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.xx.x.xx-xx
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Reaktor invites contributions of original and novel fundamental research. Reaktor publishes scientific study/ research papers, industrial problem solving related to Chemical Engineering field as well as review papers. The journal presents paper dealing with the topic related to Chemical Engineering including: Transport Phenomena and Chemical Engineering Operating Unit Chemical Reaction Technique, Chemical Kinetics, and Catalysis Designing, Modeling, and Process Optimization Energy and Conversion Technology Thermodynamics Process System Engineering and products Particulate and emulsion technologies Membrane Technology Material Development Food Technology and Bioprocess Waste Treatment Technology
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik (Lain-Lain)
Articles 5 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Volume 25 No.1 April 2025" : 5 Documents clear
Effect of Ni-Co Ratio on ZSM-5 Catalyst Performance in Palm Oil Hydrocracking for Biofuel Production Istadi, I.; Riyanto, Teguh; Permatasari, Astrid Eka; Dinara, Daniella Cipta
Reaktor Volume 25 No.1 April 2025
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.0.0.%p

Abstract

Biofuel derived from vegetable oil can be utilized as a vehicle fuel with various advantages, such as renewability, environmental friendliness, and sustainable availability. One of the methods for converting vegetable oil into biofuel is hydrocracking. This study investigates Ni-Co/ZSM-5 catalyst with Ni-Co metal ratios of 1:0.5, 1:1, and 1:1.5 to examine their effects on the catalyst characteristics and performance in the hydrocracking process of palm oil into biofuel. The catalyst synthesis was carried out using the co-impregnation method with ultrasound assistance, followed by characterization using XRD and XRF. The hydrocracking process was conducted at a temperature of 450℃ and a WHSV of 0.1 min-1, while the gas product was analyzed using GC and liquid product was distilled. XRF results showed that the actual Ni-Co ratio did not significantly differ from the designed ratio. XRD analysis indicated crystal agglomeration at a 1:1.5 ratio due to competition between Ni and Co metal particles diffusing into the zeolite pores, as well as the presence of dislocations and crystal defects. Differences in catalyst characteristics resulted in variations in yield, selectivity, and gas distribution in the hydrocracking process. The catalyst with a Ni-Co ratio of 1:1.5 exhibited the highest liquid product yield and biogasoline selectivity but also produced a higher concentration of CO, CO2, and C2 gases. It is associated with the breakdown of triglycerides into fatty acids, which subsequently fragment into shorter-chain biofuel components.
Adsorption Capacity of Magnetic Activated Carbon Derived from Snake Fruit (Salacca zalacca) Seeds to Cd(II): Characteristics and Isotherm Model Kusdarini, Esthi; Budianto, Agus; Kusuma, Maritha Nilam; Atiyatussa'adah, Eva
Reaktor Volume 25 No.1 April 2025
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.25.1.%p

Abstract

Salak seeds are an agricultural waste that has the potential to be converted into magnetic activated carbon (MAC). The resulting MAC can be utilized for wastewater treatment, particularly in the adsorption of heavy metals. This study develops a method for producing MAC by forming activated carbon using a chemical activator without physical activation, chosen to reduce energy consumption. The activated carbon is then modified with Fe3O4 composite to render it magnetic and reusable. The objectives of this study are to 1) determine the optimal chemical activator concentration, 2) characterize magnetic activated carbon, 3) evaluate the adsorption capacity of MAC for Cd(II) in wastewater, 4) obtain an adsorption isotherm model of MAC for Cd(II) using the Langmuir and Freundlich models, and 5) analyze the surface morphology and elemental composition of MAC. Chemical activation was performed using an HCl-H3PO4 mixture with equal concentrations in a 1:1 volume ratio, with variable concentrations of 0.55, 1.05, 1.55, 2.05, and 2.55 M. MAC's characteristics and adsorption capacity were analyzed using proximate analysis, BET, SEM-EDX, and AAS. The results showed that: 1) the optimal HCl-H3PO4 concentration was 2.05 M, 2) MAC contained 1% moisture, 21.88% volatile matter, 38% ash, 39.13% fixed carbon, iodine number of 1218.24 mg/g, surface area of 175.604 m2/g, and an average pore volume of 26.8093 cc/g, 3) MAC adsorbed Cd(II) from wastewater with an efficiency of 80.12 – 87.75%, 4) the Langmuir isotherm model yielded R2 = 0.9847, qm = 35.0877 mg/g, and b = 0.0285 L/mg, whereas the Freundlich model yielded R2 = 0.9729, n = 1.5881, and kf = 7.6701 mg/g, and 5) MAC exhibited evenly distributed pores and contained dominant elements Fe (30.26%), C (29.08%), O (24.59%), Na (11.27%), with traces of Mg, Al, Mo, and Cl.
Catalytic cracking of pyrolytic oil derived from arabica coffee parchment using Ni-NZ catalysts Nisa, Syarifah Rahimatun; Setiawan, Adi; Syam, Azhari Muhammad; Rahmawati, Cut Aja; Rizkina, Shafira
Reaktor Volume 25 No.1 April 2025
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.25.1.%p

Abstract

The potential of bio-oil derived from biomass has garnered significant attention among researchers due to its prospects as an environmentally friendly fuel alternative. This study utilized bio-oil extracted from Arabica coffee parchment sourced from coffee plantations in Bener Meriah Regency, Aceh, Indonesia. Nickel metal was used as a catalyst impregnated into natural zeolites to accelerate the reaction rate in the catalytic cracking method. The catalyst was prepared using the wet impregnation method, with natural zeolites first activated using 1 N HCl. During the impregnation process, stirring was conducted for 6 hours at 25 °C, followed by drying in an oven at 115 °C for 12 hours, and calcination at 500°C for 4 hours. The resulting catalyst was then characterized using TGA, XRD, and SEM analyses to determine the optimal catalyst properties. Based on XRD analysis across various concentrations, curves were observed at angles 2θ ≈ 37° and 44°, which are presumed to be peaks of nickel catalysts on the zeolite surface. In this study, the Ni-NZ catalyst concentration was varied to 15%, 20%, and 25% (w/w). GC-MS chromatogram results indicated that the highest formation of bio-benzene occurred at a 25% catalyst concentration with a residence time of 2 hours, yielding 9.28%. The findings suggest that Ni-NZ catalysts are technically capable of producing aromatic hydrocarbons from the pyrolytic oil of coffee parchment, which can be utilized as a biofuel component
Characterization of Cellulose Extracted from Garlic Waste via Alkaline Treatment and Its Effect on Yield Fahni, Yunita; Atro Auriyani, Wika; Amelia, Devita; Rizki Safitra, Edwin; Riana Saputri, Desi; Damayanti, Damayanti; Sanjaya, Andri; Christian Surya Atmaja, Michael; Nyoman Wiswa Kananda, I; Surya Ningrum, Riska; Mahardika, Melbi
Reaktor Volume 25 No.1 April 2025
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.25.1.%p

Abstract

Garlic waste—including straws, bulbs, and skins—is an agricultural residue contributing to household waste. Rich in cellulose, garlic waste can be converted into various value-added products through proper processing. In this study, cellulose was extracted from garlic waste using alkaline treatment to investigate the influence of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration on the characteristics of the resulting cellulose. NaOH solutions with varying concentrations of 2%, 7%, 14%, and 20% were used during the alkalization process. FTIR spectra revealed transmittance changes with increasing concentration, indicating a reduction in lignin content. The resulting cellulose exhibited needle-like structures, and garlic fibers with amorphous morphology showed cleaner surfaces at a NaOH concentration of 20%. The highest extract yield from the alkalization process was 62.7%, achieved at a NaOH concentration of 2%. These findings demonstrate the potential of garlic waste as a cellulose source and its applicability for producing derivative products such as thin films, optical fibers, and bioplastic raw materials.
Adsorption Photocatalytic Removal of Rhodamine B using Dodecyl Dimethyl Betaine (BS12) Intercalated Silver Tetratungstate-Bentonite composites: Effect of Ag and Surfactant Loading, pH, and its Subsequent Economic Feasibility Sumardiono, Siswo; Setiawan, Fajar Kasih; Jos, Bakti; Cahyono, Heri
Reaktor Volume 25 No.1 April 2025
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.25.1.%p

Abstract

The potential of silver tetratungstate-doped bentonite intercalated with zwitterionic surfactant for removing Rhodamine B (RhB) was evaluated by comparing three composites, namely, AB (acid-activated bentonite), AB impregnated with Ag8W4O16 photocatalyst (Ag@AB), and Ag@AB intercalated with dodecyl dimethyl betaine (BS12) surfactant (Ag@OAB) with respect to their photocatalytic adsorption performance. The AB composite was prepared by treating natural bentonite with hydrochloric acid (HCl). Next, Ag@AB was synthesized by wet impregnation of Ag₈W₄O₁₆ onto AB. Lastly, the Ag@OAB was formed by intercalating the BS12 surfactant onto the Ag@AB composite. The morphology of the composite structures was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The addition of 4% Ag (w/w) tetratungstate W4O16 and 50% CEC BS12 to AB produced RhB removal percentages of 66% and 59%, respectively, compared to 65% for AB. The maximum removal percentage was achieved at pH 4 for the AB, Ag@AB, and Ag@OAB composites with RhB removal percentages of 67%, 71%, and 44%, respectively. The AB composite showed the highest regenerative ability compared to Ag@AB and Ag@OAB, with AB maintaining RhB removal at 70% after five regeneration cycles, while Ag@AB and Ag@OAB only reached four and three regeneration cycles. The total production cost of AB is fourteen to sixteen times lower than that of Ag@AB and Ag@OAB composites. In summary, the impregnation of the Ag₈W₄O₁₆ photocatalyst onto AB, resulting in the Ag@AB composite, increases the RhB removal efficiency compared to pristine AB. In contrast, the intercalation of the BS12 surfactant in Ag@OAB composite led to a decrease in RhB removal efficiency, resulting in the lowest performance among the three composites.

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