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Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

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Published by Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

ISSN : 0853196X EISSN : 26148889 DOI : -

Core Subject : Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

Indonesian Journal of Oil Palm Research Volume 26 Number 2 Year 2018 is published by presenting articles: Utilization of candlenut shell charcoal (Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.) as adsorben on refinery of Crude Palm Oil (CPO); Application of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model for predicting oil palm Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) yield based on rainfall and the previous level of yield; Utilization of endophytic bacteria to improve the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) seedlings growth; Nutrients use efficiency of several types of fertilizers on the oil palm seedling; and Fatty acid and carotene composition in Elaeis oleifera, interspecific hybrid, and the first pseudo-backcross in North Sumatra, Indonesia.

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Articles 145 Documents

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Analisis Sebaran Serabut Vaskular dan Sifat Fisis Batang Kelapa Sawit Varietas DxP pada Berbagai Zona dan Ketinggian Batang Ayu Wulandari; Erwinsyah Erwinsyah
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 28 No 1 (2020): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

In an attempt to obtain a homogenous board density from the palm trunk, this research was carried out to analyze the distribution of vascular bundles and the physical properties of the oil palm trunk (moisture content, density, and specific gravity) in various zones and trunk heights. Oil palm trunk samples were used from 29 years old palm (Planted on 1991) which acquired from Aek Pancur Experimental plantation, Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute (IOPRI). The oil palm trunk sample was cut based on the trunk zones (peripheral, central, and inner), and trunk heights (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 m). The observed parameters were vascular bundles, moisture content, density, and specific gravity. The results showed that the highest number of vascular bundles in the peripheral zone (73.66 vb/cm2). In addition that, the highest density and specific gravity also found in peripheral zone with an average 0,73 gram/cm3 and 0.53, whereas the highest moisture content was found in the inner zone with an average value 141%(w/w). Furthermore, the statistical analysis ((ANOVA and regression test (R2)) in this study showed that the trunk zone factor was more significant than the trunk height for all observed parameters (distribution of vascular bundles, moisture content, density and specific gravity).

Pengaruh Waktu Paparan Zat Pengatur Tumbuh Terhadap Tingkat Abnormalitas Klon Kelapa Sawit Dian Rahma Pratiwi; Sri Wening; Erwin Nazri
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 28 No 1 (2020): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

One of components frequently found in plant culture media is plant growth regulator (PGR), which is needed to stimulate plant culture growth. Excessive PGR addition can induce clone abnormality. It is needed comprehensive study to understand the effect of time exposure of PGR to oil palm clone abnormality in the field. This research aims to study the effect of total exposure time of PGR as well as exposure time of each medium containing different PGRs to abnormality rate of oil palm clones in the field. Four lines of oil palm clones with aged 4 years (P,Q, R, and S) were used for tracking the incubation time in the laboratory and abnormality rate in the field. The relation between variables was analyzed by using correlation, multiple linear regression and simple linear regression analysis. The results showed that length of PGRs exposure time significantly affected the clone abnormality in the field. Longer the exposure time (more than 171 days), higher the abnormality rate. From the three media containing PGR, medium containing 2,4-D and 2,4,5-TCPP significantly affected and had high significant positive correlation to clone abnormality than medium containing 2,4-D and BAP. Medium containing NAA did not show any correlation with clone abnormality rate. On the contrary, the results showed that length of incubation time in media without any PGR did not affect rate of abnormality significantly and it also had negative correlation. Linear model can be used to estimate the clone abnormality rate in the field, based on exposure time of PGR during the in vitro process.

Validasi Metode Analisis Zeatin Menggunakan Teknik Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) sebagai Instrumen Studi Kultur In vitro Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Arfan Nazhri Simamora; Diny Dinarti; Sudarsono Sudarsono
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 28 No 1 (2020): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

Quantitative analysis of zeatin is needed to determine correlation between callus and embryo formation with the presence of zeatin itself on explant and interaction between zeatin content on explant and synthetic plant growth regulators (PGRs) which is added to oil palm in vitro culture media. This research was conducted to obtain method of zeatin content analysis that is easy and fast to reproduce, so it can be applied to research studies on phytohormones, especially zeatin. The analysis was carried out using ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) with C18 column and isocratically 100% methanol mobile phase and 0.2 mL / minute flow rate with UV detector at length λ = 280 nm. Analyzed explants were taken from individuals representing La Me, Avros, PPKS 239 and Simalungun varieties. Results of system suitability test indicated that the method fulfilled its requirements to be used for analysis with relative standard deviation (RSD) value was ≤ 2. Method validation gaveresults of calibration curve with the coefficient of determination r2 = 0,9996 and precision of instrument and method obtained relative standard deviation by 0,56 and 1,03, respectively. LoD and LoQ values obtained were 2,457 ppm and 7,446 ppm respectively.

Karakteristik Emisi CO2 Tanah Gambut di Bawah Tegakan Kelapa Sawit Winarna Winarna; Heri Santoso
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 28 No 1 (2020): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji karakteristik emisi CO2 dari tanah gambut di bawah tegakan kelapa sawit yang dihubungkan dengan faktor lingkungan spesifik lokasi penelitian di daerah Kabupaten Labuhan Batu, Sumatera Utara. Gas CO2 diambil dengan menggunakan close chamber technique, sedangkan konsentrasi gas tersebut diukur menggunakan portable micro Gas Chromatograph CP 4900. Faktor lingkungan sebagai variabel bebas yang diamati meliputi suhu tanah (TS), suhu atmosfer (TA), kelembaban tanah lapisan 0 – 5 cm (SM5), kelembaban tanah lapisan 0 – 30 cm (SM30), dan pH gambut (A). Model hubungan CO2 dengan faktor dianalisis menggunakan analisis korelasi Spearman dan regresi multivariant. Analisis regresi multivariant dilakukan menggunakan regresi stepwise untuk mengetahui faktor lingkungan yang mempunyai hubungan dengan CO2 pada taraf beda nyata 5%. Analisis variance inflation factor (vif) dilakukan untuk melihat multicollinearity dari model regresi multivariant. Berdasarkan analisis korelasi Spearman, faktor lingkungan A (pH gambut) mempunyai koefisiensi korelasi yang tegolong sedang (R = 0.637). Hasil regresi stepwise menunjukkan bahwa emisi CO2 nyata dipengaruhi oleh kelembaban tanah SM30 dan A (n = 216; p < 0.05) dengan nilai vif <3. Regresi multivariant, menghasilkan persamaan terbaik (R2 = 0.420) dimana emisi CO2 = 7.394*A – 0.008*SM30 – 16.659. Secara parsial, penelitian ini juga memperoleh model hubungan emisi CO2 dengan kelembaban tanah gambut, dimana emisi CO2 tertinggi dicapai pada kondisi kelembaban tanah sekitar kapasitas lapang (354 – 376% w w-1) dan menurun dengan meningkatnya kelembaban tanah di atas kadar air kapasitas lapangan. Emisi CO2 tanah gambut mengalami penurunan pada kondisi tanah gambut mengering di bawah zone kadar air kritis, hal ini karena hidrofobisitas tanah gambut meningkat.

Aplikasi Kotoran Sapi untuk Perbaikan Sifat Kimia Tanah dan Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) pada Media Sub Soil Fandi Hidayat; Muhdan Syarovy; Iput Pradiko; Suroso Rahutomo
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 28 No 1 (2020): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

Standar media tanam untuk bibit kelapa sawit adalah top soil dengan kan-dungan bahan organik yang cukup. Meskipun demikian, pada kondisi tertentu seperti di lahan mineral marjinal dimana top soil sudah tererosi berat, sehingga top soil sulit didapat. Pada kondisi demikian maka sub soil digunakan sebagai media tanam. Sifat fisik, kimia, dan biologi sub soil umumnya kurang memenuhi syarat untuk digunakan sebagai media tanam, namun sifat tersebut masih mungkin diperbaiki dengan me-nambahkan bahan pembenah tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi bahan pem-benah tanah dalam bentuk kotoran sapi (notasi O, taraf 0 dan 5%) dan pemupukan anorganik standar (notasi S, taraf 0; 25; 50; 75; dan 100%) terhadap perubahan sifat kimia media sub soil dan pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit. Penelitian disusun meng-gunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 7 perlakuan yaitu kontrol (O0S0), standar pupuk anorganik (O0S100), dan 5 perlakuan lainnya yang merupakan kombinasi antara 5% kotoran sapi dengan berbagai taraf standar pupuk anorganik (O5S0, O5S25, O5S50, O5S75, dan O5S100). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi 5% kotoran sapi meningkatkan ketersediaan bahan organik, kapasitas tukar kation, dan hara tersedia di media sub soil. Meskipun O5S50 (kombinasi aplikasi 5% kotoran sapi dan 50% pupuk anorganik standar telah menghasilkan nilai Efektivitas Agronomi Nisbi (EAN) di atas 100%, pertumbuhan vegetatif bibit kelapa sawit terbaik diperoleh pada per-lakuan O5S100 (kombinasi aplikasi 5% kotoran sapi dan 100% dosis pupuk anorganik standar).

Efektivitas Campuran Indaziflam dan Glifosat untuk Pengendalian Gulma pada Areal Tanaman Kelapa Sawit Menghasilkan Wiharti Oktaria Purba; Hari Priwiratama; Agus Susanto
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 28 No 2 (2020): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iopri.jur.jpks.v28i2.95

Tank mixing of pre and post emergence herbicides with proper timing application is one potential way to reduce the rotation of herbicide application per year. An experiment was conducted in the field of 10 years old mature oil palm using the mixture of indaziflam 50 - 150 g a.i./ha and glyphosate 135 g a.i./ha. The standard herbicide used in the estate (mixture of methyl-metsulfuron 10 g a.i/ha and glyphosate 135 g a.i./ha) was used as a comparison. The experiment was designed by randomized block of 6 treatments and 4 repetitions. Herbicides were applied in rotation based on the designed timetable following field condition and certain policy in the estate. Indaziflam had shown its ability to suppress the growth of weed up to 9 months after application, just by the lowest dosage of 50 g b.a./ha. Indaziflam is safe to be used in the plantation as it showed no toxic nor negative effects to the oil palm. The mixture of indaziflam and standard herbicide have also reduced the rotation of herbicide application to twice a year.

KADAR MINYAK DAN KERNEL PADA BUAH TERLUAR SELAMA PEMATANGAN TANDAN BUAH KELAPA SAWIT Hasrul Abdi Hasibuan
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 28 No 2 (2020): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iopri.jur.jpks.v28i2.97

This study aims to determine the composition of oil and kernel in the outer oil palm fruit during ripening of bunches from the Tenera oil palm species. The activities was carried out include: i) observation of loose fruit of bunches including the amount, weight, oil and kernel content, ii) observation of the effect of staying overnight in open and shaded spots (under palm trees) on the weight, oil content and kernel and iii) analysis of oil and kernel composition on variations in fruit maturity on lowland, highland and peat land. The results obtained from the first activity were loose fruit on the first day of 1-2 grains per bunch (average 1.3 ± 0.5 grains / bunch) and the number increased on the second up to sixth day as much as 3.2 ± 0.8 grains / bunches. Loose fruit on the first and second day tend to be heavier than the day after. Loose fruit on the first day has higher oil content than the day after. The oil content in dry mesocarp increased with increasing time of fruit release while the kernel content was same relatively. The results obtained from the second activity were the loose fruit weight decreased during staying overnight in the open space (days 1-10 by 4.8-27.1%) higher than in the shade (2.1-17.2%). The oil content on loose fruit increased with increasing of staying overnight time. During the tenth day, the oil content of the loose fruit placed in the open spot increased significantly and differed significantly at the level of p≤0.05 compared to the previous time due to the weight of the loose fruit decreased significantly. Meanwhile, kernel content per fruit during lodging was not significantly different until the tenth day in both places. The results obtained from the third activity were the oil content increased in unripe to overripe fruit and not differed significantly at the 5% level in ripe and overripe. The kernel content increased but not differed significantly at the level of 5% in unripe to overripe fruit. The water content of unripe fruit decreased with increasing fruit maturity. The oil content of fruit in the lowland was higher than the highland and peat land. Fruit has oil and kernel content optimum was the fruit that has loose fruit a minimum of 1 grain per bunches.

Kesuburan Tanah, Pertumbuhan dan Produktivitas Tanaman Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis) pada Tiga Kedalaman Mineral Pirit Edy Sigit Sutarta; Dhimas Wiratmoko; Erwin Nyak Akoeb
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 28 No 2 (2020): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iopri.jur.jpks.v28i2.104

Acid sulfidic land is one of the marginal land that has been used for oil palm development. Low soil acidity (pH) and high content of Al and Fe are limiting factors for oil palm development in this area. Oil palm yield in this area was very limited and could not reach the standard of oil palm productivity in mineral soils. The objectives of this study were mapping the pyritic depth distribution, and observing the soil fertility on three pyritic depth (40 – 60 cm, 60 - 90 cm, and >90 cm). The results of this study showed that Paya Rambe plantation had varied pyritic depths, between 40-110 cm. The shallow pyritic depth was found along the river to the sea estuary. Shallow pyritic depth soil has lower soil fertility than the deeper one. Soil with shallow pyritic layer has high acidity, Fe, S, and Al contents, also contain low macro nutrients (N, P, K, and Mg) availability. Furthermore, shallow pyritic depth reduced the oil palm growth, nutrients uptake and oil palm productivity.

Penentuan Rendemen, Mutu dan Komposisi Kimia Minyak Sawit dan Minyak Inti Sawit Tandan Buah Segar Bervariasi Kematangan sebagai Dasar untuk Penetapan Standar Kematangan Panen Hasrul Abdi Hasibuan
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 28 No 3 (2020): Jurnal Peneltian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iopri.jur.jpks.v28i3.106

Kematangan tandan buah segar (TBS) sangat memengaruhi rendemen dan kualitas minyak sawit (crude palm oil, CPO), kernel dan minyak inti sawit (palm kernel oil, PKO). Kriteria matang panen secara konvensional masih digunakan dalam penentuan target produksi. Kriteria tersebut juga digunakan sebagai dasar dalam pengembangan teknologi pemanenan secara mekanisasi dan digitalisasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan kriteria matang panen optimum TBS berdasarkan jumlah berondolan dari tandan sebelum dipanen, terkait dengan rendemen, mutu, dan karakteristik kimia pada CPO dan PKO. Sampel yang digunakan adalah TBS berjenis Tenera dengan variasi kematangan meliputi mentah (buah berwarna hitam kemerahan), mengkal (buah berwarna merah namun belum ada berondolan), matang (berondolan 1-3 butir), matang (berondolan 5-10 butir) dan lewat matang (berondolan 20-40 butir). Rendemen CPO, kernel dan PKO semakin meningkat dengan meningkatnya kematangan buah. Semakin matang buah, kadar asam lemak bebas dan bilangan peroksida pada CPO semakin meningkat. Hal yang sama juga pada kadar karoten dan nilai deterioration of the bleachability index (DOBI) namun nilai keduanya menurun pada buah lewat matang. Bilangan iodin dan komposisi asam lemak berbeda pada setiap kematangan buah. Secara umum, pada beberapa varietas Tenera, rata-rata rendemen CPO dan kernel, dan mutu CPO pada buah matang dengan berondolan 1-3 butir relatif sama dengan buah matang dengan berondolan 5-10 butir. Dengan demikian, rendemen dan mutu CPO, kernel dan PKO yang optimal dapat diperoleh dengan melakukan pemanenan TBS pada kriteria matang dengan jumlah berondolan 1-3 butir di piringan.

Sidik Jari DNA Material Kultur Jaringan Menggunakan SSR dan AFLP Sri Wening; Dian Rahma Pratiwi; Erwin Nazri; Ernayunita Ernayunita; Hernawan Yuli Rahmadi
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 28 No 2 (2020): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iopri.jur.jpks.v28i2.109

Kultur jaringan dimanfaatkan sebagai alat dalam program pemuliaan dan perbanyakan material komersial kelapa sawit. Untuk mengontrol proses kultur jaringan di laboratorium, analisis DNA dapat dilakukan dalam usaha menjamin kebenaran informasi identitas serta untuk mengetahui kestabilan genetik material pada tiap tahap proses kultur jaringan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji ekstraksi DNA material kultur jaringan kelapa sawit serta sidik jari DNA pada material kultur pada tiap tahapan proses kultur jaringan, menggunakan 11 marka SSR dan 6 kombinasi primer selektif AFLP. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa protokol ekstraksi DNA yang dilakukan dapat digunakan untuk memperoleh DNA dengan kuantitas dan kualitas yang cukup untuk PCR-SSR dan PCR-AFLP. Profil SSR yang sama ditunjukkan pada semua cuplikan material yang dianalisis pada tiap tahap proses kultur jaringan. Terdapat variasi hasil sidik jari DNA menggunakan AFLP, dimana terdapat profil AFLP yang berbeda pada material yang sama pada tahap kalus dan eksplan, serta embrio dan ramet. Perbedaan profil DNA pada material yang sama pada tahap kultur yang berbeda tersebut menunjukkan adanya perubahan genetik material kultur yang mungkin disebabkan oleh pengaruh proses kultur jaringan. SSR dapat digunakan untuk identifikasi atau verifikasi identitas material kultur, sedangkan marka DNA yang menunjukkan ketidakstabilan genetik material kultur dapat digunakan untuk kajian lebih lanjut mengenai perubahan genetik material kultur dalam kaitannya dengan abnormalitas klon.

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