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Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

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Published by Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

ISSN : 0853196X EISSN : 26148889 DOI : -

Core Subject : Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

Indonesian Journal of Oil Palm Research Volume 26 Number 2 Year 2018 is published by presenting articles: Utilization of candlenut shell charcoal (Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.) as adsorben on refinery of Crude Palm Oil (CPO); Application of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model for predicting oil palm Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) yield based on rainfall and the previous level of yield; Utilization of endophytic bacteria to improve the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) seedlings growth; Nutrients use efficiency of several types of fertilizers on the oil palm seedling; and Fatty acid and carotene composition in Elaeis oleifera, interspecific hybrid, and the first pseudo-backcross in North Sumatra, Indonesia.

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Articles 145 Documents

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PENGAMATAN FENOLOGI PADA DELAPAN VARIETAS KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) MENGGUNAKAN KONSEP THERMAL UNIT Iput Pradiko; Sujadi Sujadi; Suroso Rahutomo
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 27 No 1 (2019): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

Plant growth and development depends on environmental conditions (including air temperature). Effect of environmental conditions on plant development and growth is known as phenology. The general concept used to determine the effect of temperature on plant development and growth quantitatively is thermal units. This study was conducted to observe the phenology of eight oil palm varieties released by the Indonesian Palm Oil Research Institute (IOPRI) based on the thermal units concept. This study also explained the implications of the phenology characteristics from each variety in the selection of agro-climate-specific oil palm varieties. The research was conducted at the demonstration plot of Adolina Seed Garden PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV, Serdang Bedagai Regency, North Sumatra with an altitude of 10 m asl during September 11th, 2014 until June 30th, 2018. The results showed that the appearance of the first leaf until bunch was ripened and harvested from DxP Avros, DyP Dumpy, DxP LaMe, DxP Langkat, DxP PPKS 540, DxP PPKS 718, DxP Simalungun and DxP Yangambi require thermal units (oC days) and duration (days) respectively 5.785 and 457; 5,756 and 454; 6,050 and 476; 5,903 and 467; 5,775 and 452; 6.164 and 484; 6,105 and 478; and 6,084 and 479. DxP PPKS 540 tends to be more suitable for areas with low daily average temperature conditions (18-23oC). In areas with an average temperature of 24-32oC, all oil palm varieties released by IOPRI will grow optimally. Meanwhile, for areas with an average temperature varies between 30-32oC, varieties should be chosen is varieties which potentially produce more bunch such as DxP Avros, DxP LaMe, DxP Langkat, DxP PPKS 540, DxP Simalungun or DxP Yangambi.

DAMPAK PEMBERIAN KALIUM DAN CEKAMAN KEKERINGAN TERHADAP SERAPAN HARA DAN PRODUKSI BIOMASSA BIBIT KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis gueenensis Jacq.) Wan Riski Fauzi; Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 27 No 1 (2019): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

Droght stress is the main limiting factor on growth and production of oil palm. Beside used tolerance planting materials, increasing nutrient status especially potassium also influences increasing plant tolerance to drought stress. This research was a simulation study in a greenhouse to determine the effect of potassium and drought stress on oil palm seedling. The research was conducted in Desa Madurejo, Kecamatan Prambanan, Kabupaten Sleman, Region of Yogyakarta Indonesia by random complete block design. The treatment consists of two factors, first factor were potassium factor consist of 0%, 50%, 150%, and 200% standart dosage and second factor were drought stress consist of three levels, field capacity (FTSW 1), moderate drought stress (FTSW 0.35) and severe (FTSW 0.15) with three replications. The results showed that fertilizing potassium increased the content and uptake of K and Cl in plants, increased the uptake of Mg roots, reduce the N content of the roots and reduce the content of Ca and Mg in plant canopy. Drought stress had an impact on decreasing the content and uptake of N, P, and Cl in plants as well as decreasing the dry weight of plant biomass. The provision of Potassium has not affected the production of biomass of oil palm seedlings in drought conditions.

KARAKTERISTIK PERKEMBANGAN BUNGA DAN BUAH 35 AKSESI ANGOLA KOLEKSI PUSAT PENELITIAN KELAPA SAWIT DI KEBUN ADOLINA PT PERKEBUNAN NUSANTARA IV Sujadi Sujadi; Nanang Supena; Edy Suprianto
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 27 No 2 (2019): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

Information of oil palm flower and fruit development is very important in the observation plant morphology. This observation was carried out to complete information on vegetative and generative developments which are very useful for oil palm breeding. The success of plant breeding is measured from new varieties with specific advantages. This research used collections of Angola germplasm exploration which were planted in December 2012 at Adolina Estate of PT Perkebunan Nusantara IV. A total of 35 accessions were planted with RCBD designs in 2 trials. Vegetative observation per tree was carried out every year, since the plants were 2 years old. Observation of flower development is done by selecting 2 sample trees per accession by purposive sampling. A total of 70 trees were observed for flower development to become fruit every 10 days for each frond. Data on flower development were grouped by BBCH (Biologische Bundesantalt Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie) scale. In addition to the morphological and flower developmental stages, this study also calculated the age between developmental phases from the appearance of one leaf to the mature harvesting bunches in all midrib and tree samples. The results showed that generative development of the 35 Angolan accessions can be arranged according to the BBCH scale, beginning with the appearance of the first leaf, the appearance of the flower, female / male flowers blooming (receptic / anthesis), bunches formation to mature ripe bunches. AGO038 accession only requires 385 days (12.8 months), calculated from the time the first leaf appears to the mature ripe bunches, but AGO049 produces faster harvested ripe bunches when calculated from receptive female flowers of 144 days (4.8 months).

KESUBURAN TANAH DAN LAJU FOTOSINTESIS TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT YANG MENUNJUKKAN GEJALA WHITE STRIPE PADA LAHAN GAMBUT DI LABUHAN BATU Edy Sigit Sutarta; Muhdan Syarovy
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 27 No 2 (2019): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

White stripe is the loss of green pigment with elongated shape on left and right side of the mid-rib. White stripe is often associated with an imbalance in the N/K nutrient ratio in oil palm. This study aims to determine soil fertility, growth, and photosynthesis rate of oil palm that expressing white stripe symptoms on Fluvaquentic Haplosaprists in Labuhan Batu, North Sumatra. This research was conducted by observing the ecophysiology of 3 plant conditions consisting of a) healthy oil palms, b) oil palms expressing white stripe symptoms, and c) oil palms expressing Boron deficiency symptoms. The results showed that peat soil at the research site has good fertility status. Soil fertility of all treatments are similar except its available nutrients, where the oil palms expressing white stripe symptoms have average P available, K, Ca, Na, and Mg exchanged lower than healthy oil palms as well as oil palms expressing Boron deficiency symptoms. Oil palms expressing white stripe symptoms have low leaf N/K rasio (2.19), and have no relation with Boron deficiency, with unsignificant leaf area indeks (LAI) compared to other treatments. Low chlorophyll content of oil palms expressing white stripe and Boron deficiency symptoms have affected to low rate of photosynthetic rate and, If not corrected immediately, white stripe and also boron deficiency will affect to oil palm growth and productivity.

EFEKTIVITAS HERBISIDA FLUROKSIPIR MHE 480 g/l SEBAGAI PENGENDALI GULMA Chromolaena odorata (L.) PADA LAHAN KELAPA SAWIT MENGHASILKAN (TM) Umiyati Umiyati; Denny Denny K
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 27 No 3 (2019): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

Percobaan ini dilakukan dengan tujuan mengetahui efektivitas herbisida Fluroxypyr MHE 480 g/L terhadap gulma Chromolaena odorata L pada tanaman kelapa sawit menghasilkan (TM). Percobaan dilakukan di Perkebunan Sawit Sagala Herang Kecamatan Serang Panjang Kabupaten Subang Jawa Barat. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok dengan 4 ulangan dan 7 perlakuan kemudian diuji lanjut dengan uji Duncan pada tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Perlakuan herbisida yang diuji yaitu herbisida Fluroxypyr MHE 480 g/L dengan dosis 0,75 ml/l - 3,0 ml/l, penyiangan manual dan tanpa perlakuan (kontrol). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Aplikasi herbisida Fluroxypyr MHE 480 g/L dengan dosis 1.5 ml/l efektif dan efisien menekan pertumbuhan gulma Chromolaena odorata sampai 12 minggu setelah aplikasi atau tiga bulan setelah aplikasi. Aplikasi herbisida Fluroxypyr MHE 480 g/L pada semua taraf dosis tidak menunjukkan keracunan pada tanaman menghasilkan kelapa sawit.

APLIKASI COCOA BUTTER SUBSTITUTE (CBS) DARI MINYAK INTI SAWIT DALAM FORMULASI MINUMAN INSTAN KOPI, COKELAT DAN CAMPURANNYA Hasrul Abdi Hasibuan; Fenny Indah Sari
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 27 No 2 (2019): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

Minuman instan kopi, cokelat dan campurannya cukup digemari oleh konsumen karena memiliki rasa yang enak dan penyajiannya relatif mudah dan cepat. Selain gula, dalam pembuatan minuman instan ditambahkan susu dan atau creamer. Creamer atau bubuk pengganti susu merupakan produk emulsi lemak dalam air. Salah satu lemak yang dapat digunakan untuk creamer adalah minyak inti sawit terhidrogenasi atau disebut dengan cocoa butter substitute (CBS). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memformulasi minuman instan kopi, cokelat dan campurannya dengan menambahkan CBS sebagai bahan tambahan dan mengkaji pengaruhnya terhadap sifat fisika kimia, kestabilan lemak dalam air dan penerimaan minuman instan oleh panelis. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa CBS dapat digunakan dalam campuran minuman instan kopi, cokelat dan campurannya dengan jumlah maksimum sebanyak 4 %. Semakin banyak CBS yang ditambahkan menyebabkan kestabilan lemak dalam air semakin rendah. Semakin banyak jumlah emulsifier juga menyebabkan pemisahan antara endapan dengan air semakin besar dan jumlah optimum yang dapat ditambahkan sebesar 0,5 %. Waktu optimum untuk pencampuran bahan minuman instan selama 30 - 45 menit. Lemak CBS dari stearin minyak inti sawit terhidrogenasi penuh dan campuran antara minyak inti sawit dengan stearin sawit menghasilkan minuman instan yang memiliki sifat fisika kimia dan penerimaan oleh panelis yang relatif sama.

PERTUMBUHAN KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN PEMBERIAN PUPUK ORGANIK ASAL PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN ASAM HUMAT Mira Ariyanti; Yudithia Maxiselly; Santi Rosniawaty; Rachman Achmad Indrawan
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 27 No 2 (2019): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

Increased productivity of oil palm is a major challenge in Indonesia's oil palm plantations. The application of inorganic fertilizers is still ongoing and requires consideration to reduce its use, given the excessive application can reduce the physical and chemical conditions of the soil. The action that can be done is by utilizing palm oil stem waste and humic acid. This research aims to observe the influence of oil palm midrib organic fertilizer and humic acid with various compositions to the young oil palm. The experiment was conducted from December 2017 to March 2018 in Experimental Station of Ciparanje, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang. Experiment used a randomized block design with 9 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments consisted of inorganic fertilizer NPKMg 500 gram/plant, 1600 gram/plant of oil palm midrib compost, 3200 gram/plant of oil palm midrib compost, combination of 1600 gram/plant of oil palm midrib compost and humic acid 15 ml/plant, 20 ml/plant and 45 ml/plant, and the combination of 3200 gram/plant of oil palm midrib compost and humic acid 15 ml/plant, 30 ml/plant and 45 ml/plant. The results of this experiment showed that 3200 gram of oil palm midrib compost and 30 ml of humic acid gave the best influence towards the height plant and chlorophyll content in 4 months after treatment.

KEANEKARAGAMAN SERANGGA PADA EKOSISTEM KELAPA SAWIT TERPAPAR INSEKTISIDA DALAM JANGKA PANJANG Agus Eko Prasetyo; Tjut Ahmad Perdana Rozziansha; Mahardika Gama Pradana; Agus Agus Susanto
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 27 No 3 (2019): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

Penelitian keanekaragaman serangga meliputi informasi jenis, nilai keanekaragaman dan kekayaan jenis serangga mulai banyak dilakukan berkaitan dengan penggunaan insektisida dalam mengendalikan hama di perkebunan kelapa sawit. Aplikasi insektisida jangka panjang selama 9 bulan dengan rotasi aplikasi dua minggu sekali telah dilakukan sebagai kajian informasi tentang penurunan jenis dan keanekaragaman serangga di perkebunan kelapa sawit. Jenis insektisida yang digunakan terdiri dari insektisida Fipronil, insektisida biologis Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) dan kombinasi insektisida Klorantraniliprol (1 kali) dan Bt (3 kali). Penangkapan serangga digunakan perangkap nampan kuning, Malaise trapdan jaring serangga. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan, serangga yang tertangkap pada seluruh lokasi pengamatan sejumlah 7.943 individu, yang terdiri dari 80 Famili dan 11 Ordo. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman dan jumlah individu pada lokasi dengan aplikasi insektisidakimia Fipronillebih rendah daripada perlakuan lain yang disebabkan berkurangnya jumlah famili dan individu, sedangkan pada lahan dengan aplikasi insektisida biologisBt maupun kombinasinya dengan insektisida kimia Klorantraniliprol relatif tidak mempengaruhi indeks keanekaragaman dan nilai sebaran serangga.

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KINERJA PERDAGANGAN MINYAK INTI SAWIT INDONESIA DI NEGARA IMPORTIR UTAMA Rizki Amalia; Harianto Harianto Harianto; Amzul Amzul Rifin
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 27 No 3 (2019): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

As one of the largest producers in the world, Indonesia has an interest in increasing the share of palm kernel oil exports which are being faced with negative issues from vegetable oil producer countries towards the palm oil industry and its derivatives; on the other hand maintaining the availability of domestic PKO as industrial raw material. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the performance of Indonesia's palm kernel oil trade. The study used dynamic simultaneous equations and consist of 18 behavioral and 25 identities equations using time series data from 1990 to 2017 . The estimation results indicate that changes in the supply of Indonesian palm kernel oil exports to the main export destination countries are responsive to changes in palm kernel oil mature area, technology improvement, and downstream dummy policies. Meanwhile, the demand of the main importers of palm kernel oil is responsive to changes in world palm oil prices, per capita income of the country's, and world crude oil prices. The downstream policy accompanied by improvements in technology, infrastructure, and the business climate is needed to improve the efficiency of the domestic palm kernel oil industry and reduce dependence on exports.

EVALUASI KARAKTER KOMPAK HASIL PENGUJIAN KETURUNAN SIKLUS KETIGA PROGRAM PEMULIAAN KELAPA SAWIT PUSAT PENELITIAN KELAPA SAWIT Ikhwan Fadli Pangaribuan; Yurna Yenni; Sujadi Sujadi; Edy Suprianto
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 27 No 3 (2019): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

One of the secondary characters desired by oil palm planters is compact palm. Compact characters are characterized by slow height increment rate and short rachis length. Both characters are able to extend the economic life of oil palm and increase palm productivity. This paper will discuss the results of the evaluation of compact characters in several crosses of the third cycle progeny test of RRS (Reciprocal Recurrent Selection) program. The field trial was carried out on 21 crosses planted in 2008 at Dolok Sinumbah Estate. The observations showed that cross no. BJ62/05 and BJ05/05 have the potential to produce compact palm with the slowest height increment rates, the shortest rachis, and low LAI values. With these characters, these crosses can be planted at higher planting densities. Parents no. BJ5633D and 93-133-4T also have the potential to produce offspring with compact characters.

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