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International Journal of Science and Engineering (IJSE)

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Published by Universitas Diponegoro

ISSN : - EISSN : - DOI : -

Core Subject : Engineering,

Engineering

The scope of journal covers all area in the application on chemical, physical, mathematical, biological, agricultural, corrossion, and computer science to solve the engineering problems.

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Articles 225 Documents

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Hybrid membrane using polyethersulfone-modification of multiwalled carbon nanotubes with silane agent to enhance high performance oxygen separation Tutuk Djoko Kusworo; Ahmad Fauzi Ismail; Azeman Mustafa
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 6, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Mixed matrix membrane comprising carbon nanotubes embedded in polymer matrix have become one of the emerging technologies. This study was investigated in order to study the effect of silane agent modification towards carbon nanotubes (CNT) surface at different concentration on oxygen enrichment performances of asymmetric mixed matrix membrane. The modified carbon nanotubes were prepared by treating the carbon nanotubes with chemical modification using Dynasylan Ameo (DA) silane agent to allow PES chains to be grafted on carbon nanotubes surface. The results from the FESEM, DSC and FTIR analysis confirmed that chemical modification on carbon nanotubes surface had taken place. Sieve-in-a-cage’ morphology observed shows the poor adhesion between polymer and unmodified CNT. The gas separation performance of the asymmetric flat sheet mixed matrix membranes with modified CNT were relatively higher compared to the unmodified CNT. Hence, coated hollow fiber mixed matrix membrane with chemical modification on CNT surface using (3-aminopropyl)-triethoxy methyl silane agent can potentially enhance the gas separation performance of O2 and N2.

Methane Emission from Digestion of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) in a Thermophilic Anaerobic Reactor I Irvan; Bambang Trisakti; Vivian Wongistani; Yoshimasa Tomiuchi
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 3, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

As the issue of global warming draws increasing concern, many studies to reduce CO2 and CH4 gases (greenhouse gases, GHG) have been implemented in several countries, including in Indonesia. Considering that Indonesia has a huge numbers of palm oil mills, no doubt if their waste water treatment as one of the major sources in GHG. This paper presents the results from a research project between Metawater Co., Ltd.-Japan and University of Sumatera Utara-Indonesia. The objective of the research is to study the methane emission of thermophilic fermentation in the treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME) on a laboratory scale. Anaerobic digestion was performed in two-litre water jacketed biodigester type continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and operated at a thermophilic temperature (55 oC). As raw material, a real liquid waste (POME) from palm oil mill was used. Fresh POME was obtained from seeding pond of PTPN II waste water treatment facility which has concentration of 39.7 g of VS/L and COD value of 59,000 mg/L. To gain precise results, complete recording and reliable equipment of reactor was employed. As the experimental results, for hydraulic retention time (HRT) 8 days, VS decomposition rate of 63.5% and gas generation of 6.05-9.82 L/day were obtained, while for HRT 6 and 4 days, VS decomposition rate of 61.2, 53.3% and gas generation of 6.93-8.94 and 13.95-16.14 L/day were obtained respectively. Keywords—methane (CH4), palm oil mill effluent (POME), anaerobic digestion, thermophilic, green house gases (GHG)

The Nutrient Digestibility of Locally Sheep Fed with Amofer Palm Oil Byproduct-Based Complete Feed Hamdi Mayulu
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 7, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Utilization of palm oil by-product such as palm fronds, leaves, empty fruit bunches (EFB), fiber fruit juice (FFJ), palm kernel cake (PKC), and palm oil sludge (POS) as the source of energy and protein for ruminants, especially sheep is an efficient effort to make a new opportunities in term of economical and beneficial product that will reduce environmental pollution. The objectives of this research were to analyze the effect of palm oil’s byproduct-based complete feed on sheep’s nutrient digestibility. Sixteen male sheeps of nine month old with average body weight 14.69+0.82 kg were used. The complete feed was formulated by ammoniated-fermented technology from palm fronds and leaves, EFB and FFJ, also Centrosema sp., PKC, POS, ground corn, rice bran, cassava, molasses, urea, mineral mix and salt. The complete feed with different levels of crude protein (CP) and TDN were used in this research which consisted of T1=10,63% CP; 63.46% TDN; T2=12.27% CP; 62.38% TDN; T3=13.70% CP; 64.11% TDN; and T4=15.90% CP; 61.28% TDN. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) which consisted of four treatments and four replications. Data was analyzed using ANOVA with significance level at 95% and followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test. The experimental results showed that the protein level affected the feed digestibility. The highest digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and crude protein were 65.79%, 70.30%, and 84.34% respectively, resulting in 14% protein level (T3) were significantly different with treatment at protein level 10% (T1), 12% (T2) and 16% (T4) at p <0.05. It can be concluded that by-product of palm oil plantation and mill had good nutritional value. Therefore, this feedstuff can be used to formulate complete feed for sheep and it successfully increased the nutrient digestibility

The Effects of Different Energy and Protein Ratio to Sheep’s Nutrient Intake and Digestibility Sri Mawati; S. Soedarsono; S. Sunarso; Agung Purnomoadi
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 4, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

The objective of this research was to study the effects of different energy and protein ratio towards sheep’s nutrient intake and digestibility. Twenty four male sheep’s, 6 – 7 months old with initial average live weight 13+1.56 kg, coefficient variant11.78%) were used in this research. The complete feed ration which consisted of King Grass (Pennisetum purpureum), soybean powder, rice bran, dried cassava and molasses was used in this research. Protein content on each component was 10, 12 and 14% and total digestible nutrients (TDN) 60 and 65%, respectively. Dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) intake, DM and OM digestibility were studied in this research. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to analyze the data. Test of Small Difference (P<0.05) was then carried out if significant different occurred. The research results showed that Dry matter and OM ration intake showed significant different among treatments (P<0.05). The highest DM intake was obtained at crude protein (CP) 14% and TDN 65% i.e. 695.54 g while the lowest value was CP 14% and TDN 65% i.e. 462.11 g. Thus different DM and OM intake were caused by different ration ingredients composition. Dry matter and OM ration digestibility were not show different (P>0.05) among crude protein and TDN treatments. Different energy and protein ration treatments caused different DM and OM intake but were not cause different in DM and OM digestibility. Based on the research results, a study on the effects of different ration’s energy and protein ratio towards N efficiency should be conducted in order to increase cattle productivity. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12777/ijse.4.2.75-79 [How to cite this article: Mawati, S., Soedarsono, S., Sunarso, S. & Purnomoadi, A. (2013). The Effects of Different Energy and Ratio to Sheep’s Nutrient Intake and Digestibility. International Journal of Science and Engineering, 4(2),76-79. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12777/ijse.4.2.75-79]

TREATMENTS OF PLASMA CORONA RADIATION ON SEAWEED Gracilaria Verrucosa (HUDSON) PAPENFUSS: Efforts to increase growth and biomass Filemon Jalu N Putra; Zaenul Muhlisin; Sapto P. Putro
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 8, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Gracilaria verrucosa (Hudson) Papenfuss has great potential to be farmed in the water resources in Indonesia. As natural resource, the weed has a major contribution in the field of industry both for human food and health. Efforts have been done intensively to increase the production capacity to meet the market demand especially gelatin, both national and international market. One of them is the application of plasma corona irradiation treatments on the weed to improve developmental pathways. The concept of plasma irradiation performed at atmospheric conditions may impact on nitrogen intrusion pathway that is important element in the growth of the weed. The aims of this study are to assess the potential impact of plasma irradiation in improving the growth of G. verrucosa and thus increase their biomass production. The treatments were done using five different duration of plasma irradiation, which were 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 minutes at a 0,5mA stable source of voltage and 8kV of electrical current. Observations of growth rate include thallus length and biomass of G. verrucosa , that was observed every week for 28 days. The result showed that the growth of weed exhibited better than those without radiation. The best growth was reached in the group of treatment of 8 minutes irradiation, exhibited 65,91g of biomass and 9.5515% growth rate and length of thallus reached 22,33 cm and daily growth rate of 2.9759%. The lowest growth of the weed occurred in the treatment of 10 minutes irradiation, which was 44,82 g biomass, 8.123% growth rate, 17,13 cm thallus length with a daily growth rate of 1.9942%

Correlation of Vapor-Liquid Equilibria for Commonly Used Binary Systems in Supercritical Fluid Extraction Processes Saeid Atashrouz; Hamed Mirshekar; Hamid Bagheri
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 5, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

In this paper, a comprehensive mathematical model is developed based on the Feed-ForwardBack Propagation Artificial Neural Network (FFBP-ANN). The model is employed for thecalculation of Vapor Liquid Equilibria (VLE) of four CO2-containing binary mixtures. Themixtures include CO2 - Tertpentanol was investigated at the temperature range from 313.14 to343.15 K. The following mixtures including CO2 - Isobutanol at 313.2 to 353.2 K, CO2 - methylacetate at 308.15 to 328.15 K and CO2 - diisopropyl ether at 265.15 to 333.15 K wereinvestigated as well. The related experimental data of open literature have been used to constructthe model. The results confirm that there is a reasonable conformity between the predicted valuesand the experimental data. Additionally, the ability of the ANN model is examined by comparison with the conventional thermodynamic models and ANN model predicted VLE datawith more accuracy.

Gas Chromatographic Method: Tool for Rapid and Sensitive Analysis of Residual Solvents in Amoxicillin and Ampicillin Tablets Sk Manirul Haque; S M Zakir Hossain; Prem Shanker
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 9, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

A simple and sensitive static head space gas chromatographic (SH-GC) method equipped with FID has been developed and validated for simultaneous determination of residual solvents e.g., methanol, dichloromethane and toluene in two therapeutic drugs such as amoxicillin and ampicillin. The separation was achieved with 30 m long Elite - 5 fused silica capillary column and 0.32 mm inner diameter. The developed SH-GC method offered symmetric peak shape, good resolution and reasonable retention time for all the solvents. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration ranges 100 – 1200, 50 – 1000 and 50 – 500 ppm for methanol, dichloromethane and toluene, respectively. The method was validated according to international conference on harmonization (ICH) guidelines in terms of specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, robustness and solution stability. The degrees of linearity of the calibration curves, the percent recoveries, relative standard deviation for the method were also determined. All the validation parameters were within the acceptable range. The developed SH-GC method could, therefore, be suitable for simple and rapid detection of trace levels residual solvents in other pharmaceutical products and thereby it could be used for routine analysis in any analytical laboratory.

Bioconversions of Palm Kernel Cake and Rice Bran Mixtures by Trichoderma viride Toward Nutritional Contents Yana Sukaryana; Umi Atmomarsono; Vitus D. Yunianto; Ejeng Supriyatna
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 1, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

The objective of the research is to examine the mixtures of palm kernel cake and rice bran of fermented by Trichoderma viride. Completely randomized design in factorial pattern 4 x 4 was used in this experiment. factor I is the doses of inoculums; D1 = 0%, D2 = 0,1% , D3 = 0,2%, D4 = 0,3%, and complement factor II is mixtures of palm kernel cake and rice bran : T1=20:80% ; T2=40:60% ; T3=60:40% ; T4=80:20%. The treatment each of three replicate. Fermentation was conducted at temperature 28 oC as long as 9 days. Determining the best of the mixtures be based on the crude protein increased and the crude fibre decreased. The results showed that the combination of product mix is the best fermentation inoculums doses 0.3% in mixture of palm kernel cake and rice bran ; 80%: 20%, which produces dry matter of 88,12%, crude protein 17.34%, ether extract 5,35%, crude fibre 23.67%, and ash 6.43%. When compared with a mixture of palm kernel cake and rice bran; 80%: 20% without of fermentation is crude protein increase 29.58% and crude fibre decreased 22.53%.

Subsurface Structure in Japan Based on P and S waves Travel Time Analysis Using Genetic Algorithm in Japan Seismological Network A. M. Miftahul Huda; Bagus Jaya Santosa
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 6, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Experiment to obtain the subsurface structure in Japan is conducted using seismograms analysis of earthquakes in Japan. All 101 data was used from events in 2012, selected by a maximum depth of 60 km and magnitude between 4.2 to 5.5 Mj. Determination of 1-D subsurface structure is done by utilizing the inversion method with genetic algorithm approach. P wave and S wave velocity structure are determined based on arrival times at receiver. The crustal thickness is known of 33,66 km. P wave velocity for the upper and lower crust, are 6,03 km/s and 6,92 km/s, respectively, and velocity in the upper mantle is 8,18 km/s. S wave velocity for the upper and lower crust are given 3,38 km/s and 3,89 km/s respectively, and the velocity in the upper mantle is 4,59 km/s. If the range integrated to the stable parameter of velocity structure, it shows stable result and the subsurface structure has sufficiently high compatibility.

Comparison of intelligent systems, artificial neural networks and neural fuzzy model for prediction of gas hydrate formation rate Mohammad Javad Jalalnezhad; Mohammad Ranjbar; Amir Sarafi; Hossein Nezamabadi-Pour
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 7, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

The main objective of this study was to present a novel approach for predication of gas hydrate formation rate based on the Intelligent Systems. Using a data set including about 470 data obtained from flow tests in a mini-loop apparatus, different predictive models were developed. From the results predicted by these models, it can be pointed out that the developed models can be used as powerful tools for prediction of gas hydrate formation rate with total errors of less than 4%.

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