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International Journal of Renewable Energy Development
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 22524940     EISSN : 27164519     DOI : https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred
Core Subject : Science,
Chemistry Energy
The scope of journal encompasses: Photovoltaic technology, Solar thermal applications, Biomass, Wind energy technology, Material science and technology, Low energy Architecture, Geothermal energy, Wave and Tidal energy, Hydro power, Hydrogen Production Technology, Energy Policy, Socio-economic on energy, Energy efficiency and management The journal was first introduced in February 2012 and regularly published online three times a year (February, July, October).
Arjuna Subject : Kimia(semua kategori) - Kimia (Lain-Lain)
Articles 573 Documents
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Premixed Combustion of Coconut Oil on Perforated Burner Wirawan, I.K.G.; Wardana, I.N.G.; Soenoko, Rudy; Wahyudi, Slamet
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 2, No 3 (2013): October 2013
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2.3.133-139

Abstract

Coconut oil premixed combustion behavior has been studied experimentally on perforated burner with equivalence ratio (φ) varied from very lean until very rich. The results showed that burning of glycerol needs large number of air so that the laminar burning velocity (SL) is the highest at very lean mixture and the flame is in the form of individual Bunsen flame on each of the perforated plate hole. As φ is increased the  SL decreases and the secondary Bunsen flame with open tip occurs from φ =0.54 at the downstream of perforated flame. The perforated flame disappears at φ = 0.66 while the secondary Bunsen flame still exist with SL increases following that of hexadecane flame trend and then extinct when the equivalence ratio reaches one or more. Surrounding ambient air intervention makes SL decreases, shifts lower flammability limit into richer mixture, and performs triple and cellular flames. The glycerol diffusion flame radiation burned fatty acids that perform cellular islands on perforated hole.  Without glycerol, laminar flame velocity becomes higher and more stable as perforated flame at higher φ. At rich mixture the Bunsen flame becomes unstable and performs petal cellular around the cone flame front. 
The Utilization of Water Hyacinth for Biogas Production in a Plug Flow Anaerobic Digester Soeprijanto, Soeprijanto; Warmadewanthi, I Dewa Ayu Agung; Muntini, Melania Suweni; Anzip, Arino
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 10, No 1 (2021): February 2021
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2021.21843

Abstract

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) causes ecological and economic problems because it grows very fast and quickly consumes nutrients and oxygen in water bodies, affecting both the flora and fauna; besides, it can form blockages in the waterways, hindering fishing and boat use. However, this plant contains bioactive compounds that can be used to produce biofuels. This study investigated the effect of various substrates as feedstock for biogas production. A 125-l plug-flow anaerobic digester was utilized and the hydraulic retention time was 14 days; cow dung was inoculated into water hyacinth at a 2:1 mass ratio over 7 days. The maximum biogas yield, achieved using a mixture of natural water hyacinth and water (NWH-W), was 0.398 l/g volatile solids (VS). The cow dung/water (CD-W), hydrothermally pretreated water hyacinth/digestate, and hydrothermally pretreated water hyacinth/water (TWH-W) mixtures reached biogas yields of 0.239, 0.2198, and 0.115 l/g VS, respectively. The NWH-W composition was 70.57% CH4, 12.26% CO2, 1.32% H2S, and 0.65% NH3. The modified Gompertz kinetic model provided data satisfactorily compatible with the experimental one to determine the biogas production from various substrates. TWH-W and NWH-W achieved, respectively, the shortest and (6.561 days) and the longest (7.281 days) lag phase, the lowest (0.133 (l/g VS)/day) and the highest (0.446 (l/g VS)/day) biogas production rate, and the maximum and (15.719 l/g VS) and minimum (4.454 l/g VS) biogas yield potential.
A novel P&OT-Neville’s interpolation MPPT scheme for maximum PV system energy extraction Bhukya, Muralidhar Nayak; Kota, Venkata Reddy
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 7, No 3 (2018): October 2018
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.7.3.251-260

Abstract

Photovoltaic (PV) system posses an optimal operating pointing, termed as Maximum Power Point (MPP). Using Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm, MPP of PV system has to be tracked continuously in any climatic conditions. In general, traditional Perturb and Observe (P&OT) MPP tracker is widely used among existing controllers. But, P&OT fails to harvest maximum power from solar panel, in addition oscillations around MPP results in low efficiency of the PV system. The contradiction involved in the traditional controller can be addressed as P&OT operates with a fixed step size. Hence, with large step size MPP can be reached quickly but the magnitude of oscillations around MPP are high. Similarly, when P&OT operated with tiny step size magnitude of oscillations can be reduced at the same time PV system consumes much time to reach MPP. In order to eliminate the contradiction involved with traditional MPPT scheme and effectively optimize PV system energy, this paper put forwards a hybrid MPPT scheme based on P&OT and Neville interpolation. The proposed scheme is executed in two stages. In the first stage, P&OT is operated with a large step size till the voltage reaches near to maximum point. In the second stage, Neville interpolation is used to find the maximum power point. The performance of the proposed scheme is compared with Golden Section Search (GSS) and P&OT MPPT controllers. With the proposed scheme the convergence time required to reach MPP is improved greatly. Experimental prototype is designed and developed to verify the performance of the proposed scheme. Experimental and simulation results provide enough evidence to show superiority of the proposed scheme.Article History: Received December 15th 2017; Received in revised form July 16th 2018; Accepted September 12th 2018; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Bhukya, M. N. and Kota, V. R. (2018) A Novel PandOT-Neville’s Interpolation MPPT Scheme for Maximum PV system energy extraction. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 7(3), 251-260https://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.7.3.251-260
Tin (II) Chloride Catalyzed Esterification of High FFA Jatropha Oil: Experimental and Kinetics Study Kusumaningtyas, Ratna Dewi; Handayani, Prima Astuti; Rochmadi, Rochmadi; Purwono, Suryo; Budiman, Arief
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 3, No 2 (2014): July 2014
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.3.2.75-81

Abstract

Biodiesel is one of the promising energy source alternatives to fossil fuel. To produce biodiesel in a more economical way, the employment of the low-cost feed stocks, such as non-edible oils with high free fatty acid (FFA), is necessary. Accordingly, the esterification reaction of FFA in vegetable oils plays an important role in the biodiesel production. In this work, esterification of FFA contained in Crude Jatropha Oil (CJO) in the presence of tin (II) chloride catalyst in a batch reactor has been carried out. The esterification reaction was conducted using methanol at the temperature of 40-60 °C for 4 hours. The effect of molar ratio of methanol to oil was studied in the range 15:1 to 120:1. The influence of catalyst loading was investigated in the range of 2.5 to 15% w/w oil. The optimum reaction conversion was obtained at 60 °C with the catalyst loading of 10% w/w oil and molar ratio of methanol to oil of 120:1. A pseudo-homogeneous reversible second order kinetic model for describing the esterification of FFA contained in CJO with methanol over tin (II) chloride catalyst was developed based on the experimental data. The kinetic model can fit the data very well.
The Effect of Amine Types on Breakthrough Separation of Methane on Biogas Masruroh, Kuni; Cahyono, Rochim Bakti; Prasetyo, Imam; Ariyanto, Teguh
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 10, No 2 (2021): May 2021
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2021.33514

Abstract

Methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are the main components of a renewable energy source of biogas. Separation of CO2 from biogas is significantly important to improve biogas performance, due to heating value in biogas depends on the concentration of methane. One of the gas separation technologies that has been widely used in chemical industries is carbon molecular sieve (CMS). This research explores the potential of CMS for biogas purification. CMS was prepared by modification of palm kernel shell-derived porous carbon using amine groups such as monoethanolamine (MEA), 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), and diethanolamine (DEA). The effect of amine types on the separation parameters was studied by using a breakthrough experiment to obtain the most potential CMS materials. The methods of this research include the process of carbon oxidation using hydrogen peroxide, impregnation with an amine group, characterization of the CMS material obtained, CO2 and CH4 gas separation testing with a breakthrough system. The CMS was characterized by using N2 sorption analysis, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The breakthrough experiment showed that CMS-MEA had the highest performance for separating CO2 and CH4 gases. In addition, the results also showed that loading of amine groups on carbon caused an increase in the uptake capacity of CO2, and the highest capacity was achieved by CMS-MEA of 13.2 mg/g.
Effect of Different Inoculum Combination on Biohydrogen Production from Melon Fruit Waste Amekan, Yumechris; Wangi, Dyah Sekar A P; Cahyanto, Muhammad Nur; Sarto, Sarto; Widada, Jaka
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 7, No 2 (2018): July 2018
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.7.2.101-109

Abstract

The natural microbial consortium from many sources widely used for hydrogen production. Type of substrate and operating conditions applied on the biodigesters of the natural consortium used as inoculum impact the variation of species and number of microbes that induce biogas formation, so this study examined the effect of different inoculum source and its combination of biohydrogen production performance. The hydrogen producing bacteria from fruit waste digester (FW), cow dung digester (CD), and tofu waste digester (TW) enriched under strictly anaerobic conditions at 37OC. Inoculums from 3 different digesters (FW, CD, and TW) and its combination (FW-CD, CD-TW, FW-TW, and FW-CD-TW) were used to test the hydrogen production from melon waste with volatile solids (VS) concentration of 9.65 g/L, 37°C and initial pH 7.05 ± 0.05. The results showed that individual and combined inoculum produced the gas comprising hydrogen and carbon dioxide without any detectable methane. The highest cumulative hydrogen production of 743 mL (yield 207.56 mL/gVS) and 1,132 mL (yield 231.02 mL/gVS) was shown by FW and FW-CD-TW, respectively. Butyric, acetate, formic and propionic were the primary soluble metabolites produced by all the cultures, and the result proves that higher production of propionic acid can decrease hydrogen yield. Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium baratii prominently seen in all single and combination inoculum. Experimental evidence suggests that the inoculum from different biodigesters able to adapt well to the environmental conditions and the new substrate after a combination process as a result of metabolic flexibility derived from the microbial diversity in the community to produce hydrogen. Therefore, inoculum combination could be used as a strategy to improve systems for on-farm energy recovery from animal and plant waste to processing of food and municipal waste.Article History: Received February 5th 2018; Received in revised form May 7th 2018; Accepted June 2nd 2018; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Amekan, Y., Wangi, D.S.A.P., Cahyanto, M.N., Sarto and Widada, J. (2018) Effect of Different Inoculum Combination on Biohydrogen Production from Melon Fruit Waste. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 7(2), 101-109.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.7.2.101-10
Thermo-economic Optimization of Solar Assisted Heating and Cooling (SAHC) System Ghafoor, A.; Munir, A.
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 3, No 3 (2014): October 2014
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.3.3.217-227

Abstract

The energy demand for cooling is continuously increasing due to growing thermal loads, changing architectural modes of building, and especially due to occupants indoor comfort requirements resulting higher electricity demand notably during peak load hours. This increasing electricity demand is resulting higher primary energy consumption and emission of green house gases (GHG) due to electricity generation from fossil fuels. An exciting alternative to reduce the peak electricity consumption is the possible utilization of solar heat to run thermally driven cooling machines instead of vapor compression machines utilizing high amount of electricity. In order to widen the use of solar collectors, they should also be used to contribute for sanitary hot water production and space heating. Pakistan lying on solar belt has a huge potential to utilize solar thermal heat for heating and cooling requirement because cooling is dominant throughout the year and the enormous amount of radiation availability provides an opportunity to use it for solar thermal driven cooling systems. The sensitivity analysis of solar assisted heating and cooling system has been carried out under climatic conditions of Faisalabad (Pakistan) and its economic feasibility has been calculated using maximization of NPV. Both storage size and collector area has been optimized using different economic boundary conditions. Results show that optimum area of collector lies between 0.26m2 to 0.36m2 of collector area per m2 of conditioned area for ieff values of 4.5% to 0.5%. The optimum area of collector increases by decreasing effective interest rate resulting higher solar fraction. The NPV was found to be negative for all ieff values which shows that some incentives/subsidies are needed to be provided to make the system cost beneficial. Results also show that solar fraction space heating varies between 87 and 100% during heating season and solar fraction cooling between 55 and 100% during cooling season which indicates a huge amount of conventional energy saving potential.
An improved MPPT algorithm to minimize transient and steady state oscillation conditions for small SPV systems Javed, Kashif; Ashfaq, Haroon; Singh, Rajveer
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 7, No 3 (2018): October 2018
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.7.3.191-197

Abstract

Small solar PV systems mostly residential PV systems are bounded to be low cost. So these systems are required low-cost processors, and these low-cost processors can only process simple algorithm efficiently. The conventional P&O MPPT algorithm is widely employed algorithm to control solar PV systems because of its simplicity, low cost, and ease of implementation. During rapid radiation change condition (RRC) the output voltage of conventional P&O MPPT algorithm is found unstable and suffers oscillations around MPP at transient and steady state conditions. This paper proposes a simple MPPT algorithm for small or residential solar PV systems to eliminate such above said drawbacks. The proposed MPPT controls the step size (dD) of the boost converter duty cycle (D) according to the system input conditions and have the ability to compensate the transient as well as steady-state oscillations around MPP and stabilize the output voltage under RRC and variable load conditions. To validate the proposed algorithm, a 1kW photovoltaic system model is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink, and the performance of the system is also investigated under RRC. The performance of proposed MPPT algorithm is found to be adequate under various insolation patterns. An experimental set-up comprising a boost converter, solar emulator with dSPACE controller is also used to investigate the performance of proposed MPPT algorithm further.Article History: Received October 4th 2017; Received in revised form September 15th 2018; Accepted November 1st 2018; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Javed, K. Ashfaq, H and Singh, R. (2018). An Improved MPPT Algorithm to Minimize Transient and Steady State Oscillation Conditions for Small SPV Systems. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 7(3), 191-197.http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.7.3.191-197
Energy Efficient Dryer with Rice Husk Fuel for Agriculture Drying Djaeni, M.; Asiah, N.; Suherman, S; Sutanto, A.; Nurhasanah, A.
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 4, No 1 (2015): February 2015
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.4.1.20-24

Abstract

Energy usage is crucial aspect on agriculture drying process. This step spends about 70% of total energy in post harvest treatment. The design of efficient dryer with renewable energy source is urgently required due to the limitation of fossil fuel energy. This work discusses the performance of air dehumidification using rice husk fuel as heat source for onion, and paddy drying. Unlike conventional dryer, the humidity of air during the drying was dehumidified by adsorbent. Hence, the driving force of drying can be  kept high.  As consequences, the drying time and energy usage can be reduced. Here, the research was conducted in two step: laboratory and pilot scale tests. Results showed that the lowering air humidity with rice husk fuel has improved the energy efficiency. At operational temperature 60oC, the heat efficiency of 75%  was achieved. 
Performance investigation of a gasifier and gas engine system operated on municipal solid waste briquettes Homdoung, Nigran; Dussadee, Nattawud; Sasujit, Kittikorn; Kiatsiriroat, Tanongkiat; Tippayawong, Nakorn
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 8, No 2 (2019): July 2019
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.8.2.179-184

Abstract

Municipal solid waste (MSW) and charcoal can be used as a substitute fuel in a gas engine. In this work, performance of a downdraft gasifier and gas engine system operated on MSW briquette fuel was investigated. Experimental test was carried out on a 62 kW, four-cylinder, naturally aspirated engine coupled to a 20 kW dynamometer. The downdraft gasifier was used to generate producer gas from MSW briquettes and charcoal. The engine load was varied between 1.5-9.0 kW. Biomass consumption, producer gas production, cold gas efficiency, thermal efficiency of the gas engine, carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC) emissions and exhaust temperature were evaluated. The MSW briquette fuelled operation was compared against that with charcoal. It was found that, the use of MSW briquette led to lowering performance of the downdraft gasifier and gas engine system, in comparison with the use of charcoal. Maximum cold gas and thermal efficiencies obtained were 64.6% and 16% at 4.5 kW and 9 kW loading, respectively. The CO and HC emissions of the gas engine operated on MSW briquettes were higher than that on charcoal, while the exhaust temperatures were similar. ©2019. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved

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