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Indonesian Aquaculture Journal

iaj
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Published by Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan RI

ISSN : 02150883 EISSN : 25026577 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

Indonesian Aquaculture Journal is a peer-reviewed and open access journal based in Indonesia that globally/internationally accepts and publishes scientific articles in the field of aquaculture. The journal is hosted and managed by the Center for Fisheries Research, Indonesian Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries and serving as a scientific platform to share research information in and contribute to the development of various disciplines of aquaculture including genetics, reproduction, nutrition and feed, fish health and diseases, engineering, and environmental assessment.

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Articles 334 Documents

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THE DIGESTIVE TRACT DEVELOPMENT OF THE TIGER GROUPER Epinephelus fuscoguttatus LARVAE TREATED WITH THYROXINE HORMONE Ahmad Muzaki; Ketut Mahardika; Indah Mastuti; Wawan Andriyanto; Yasmina Nirmala Asih; Ida Komang Wardana
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 7, No 2 (2012): (December 2012)
Publisher : Center for Fisheries Research, Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resource

Thyroxin administration in tiger grouper larval rearing was conducted to determine its effect on development of digestive tract of the larvae. Newly hatched larvae were treated with 0 mg/L (control), 0.1 mg/L, and 0.2 mg/L of thyroxin for 2 hours in a 30 L tank before were transferred into a 1 m3 rearing tank. Samples were collected daily until 10 DAH and every 3 days until 40 DAH. Development of digestive tract was observed using histological method. For all treatments, the digestive tract was the same on 1 DAH and 2 DAH. The digestive tract of 1 DAH larvae was still closed and still in the form of a simple tube. The mouth, buccopharynx, liver, pancreas, and rectum were found on 2 DAH. On 3 DAH, the esophagus, stomach, intestines, and anus started to develop. At this stage, the digestive tract of larvae treated with and without thyroxin started to become distinguishable. Several goblet cells were noticed in the rectum of the treated larvae but not in the control. Digestive tract developed earlier in treated larvae compared to the control group, such as appearance of tongue, gill raker, fundic, and cardiac stomach development, formation of pharyngeal tooth, and gastric gland. Metamorphosis of larvae into juvenile on treated larvae occurred than that the control larvae earlier.

FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY REFLECT THE GROWTH OF HYBRID GROUPER Epinephelus fuscoguttatus AND Epinephelus polyphekadion Ketut Sugama; Ahmad Muzaki; I Gusti Ngurah Permana; Haryanti Haryanti
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2014): (December 2014)
Publisher : Center for Fisheries Research, Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resource

Fluctuating asymmetry has been widely used as a measure of developmental stability and as an indicator of individual fish growth. The present study compared fluctuating asymmetry in three bilateral meristic traits of F-1 hybrid between female Epinephelus fuscoguttatus and male Epinephelus polyphekadion and two F-1 pure parental progenies. The fishes were reared by communal and separate tank systems. Hybrids were confirmed by allozymes electrophoresis. After three months of rearing, the F-1 hybrids fish grew faster 45.9% and 66.6% compare to the F-1 pure parental progenies of E. fuscoguttatus and E. polyphekadion (P<005) respectively. Development stability as measured by fluctuating asymmetry was lower in hybrid (20%-40%) than in the pure parental progenies (53%-80%). Among four enzyme loci examined, only Pgm locus showed variants and at that locus all hybrids fish were heterozygous. Heterozygous hybrids showed lower fluctuating asymmetry and related to higher developmental stability. The higher developmental stability positively reflected a faster growth rate. Thus this finding can be used to explain the reason that why hybrids groupers appeared grew faster than parental species.

FERMENTED BLOOD MEAL USE FOR TIGER GROUPER, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus GROW-OUT DIET Usman Usman; Kamaruddin Kamaruddin; Neltje Nobertine Palinggi; Rachmansyah Rachmansyah; Taufik Ahmad
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 2, No 1 (2007): (June 2007)
Publisher : Center for Fisheries Research, Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resource

The experiment aimed to evaluate the optimal level of fermented blood meal used in grow-out diets for tiger grouper, as an alternative protein source to fish meal. Juvenile tiger grouper, initial weight 31.1 ± 2.1 g, were stocked into 1 m x 1 m x 2 m floating net cages at 20 fish cage-1. The treatment applied was isoprotein and isocaloric diets formulated to contain fermented blood meal (FBM) of 0%, 7.5%, 15.0%, 22.5%, and 30.0% replacement of fish meal protein. The diets were fed to the fish twice a day to satiation for 20 weeks. Based on the Tukey test, the fish fed 0%–15.0% FBM demonstrated similar performance (P>0.05) to those fed the control diet (FBM0) in terms of specific growth rate, weight gain, and feed and protein efficiency. Specific growth rate, weight gain, feed efficiency and protein efficiency of the fish fed 22.5%–30.5% FBM were significantly lower (P<0.05) than those of the fish fed control diet (FBM0). However, there was a significant culvilinier decliner in overall fish performance with increasing inclusion of FPM and most notable for weight gain, feed efficiency and feed consumption. Based on regression analysis, the asymptote where fish growth deteriorates as a function of FBM inclusion was determined to be 8.9%. Tiger grouper diets incorporating up to 9% FBM as fish meal replacement had no adverse affects on fish growth and survival.

ULTRASTRUCTURAL FEATURE OF KOI HERPESVIRUS (KHV) INFECTED CULTURED KOI FIN (KF-1) CELLS Ketut Mahardika; Masahiro Yasuda
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 6, No 2 (2011): (December 2011)
Publisher : Center for Fisheries Research, Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resource

Koi herpesvirus (KHV), may cause significant morbidity and mortality in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). In the present study, an electron microscopic (EM) was performed on KHV-infected cultured koi fin (KF-1) to document the ultrastructure of the lesions. Viral particles were firstly evident in the nucleus. These viral particles observed as immature capsids and nucleocapsids. Many non-enveloped nucleocapsids have moved from the nucleus into the cell cytoplasm. The formation of subviral particles and virions, which comprised, in turn, an electron dense core, capsids with a hexagonal outline, the tegument was evident in the cytoplasm. And then, the virions with the enveloped tegument budded through the intracytoplasmic membrane. Based on EM results, the definitive pathological change was similar as those in the Family Herpesviridae.

INFLUENCE OF FISH MEAL REDUCTION, ALGAE ADDITION, AND ENZYME USE IN SHRIMP FEEDS ON THE TISSUE COMPOSITION OF Litopenaeus vannamei Sebastian Kaspers; Andreas Kunzmann
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 7, No 1 (2012): (June 2012)
Publisher : Center for Fisheries Research, Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resource

At the Leibniz-Center for Tropical Marine Ecology in Bremen, Germany, shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) fed feeds with reduced fish meal content, algae and enzyme additions were analysed for their tissue composition. Contents of protein, glycogen, total lipid, linoleic acid (LA), alpha linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) of the shrimp abdomen and of the respective feeds were determined. Reduction of fish meal (FM) content in shrimp feed and its substitution with “mash” (grain distillery waste-”Schlempe”), corn gluten, pea or coarse colza meal did not influence the tissue composition. Additional inclusion of an algae mixture out of Spirulina spp., Phaeodactylum spp., and Tetraselmis spp. to shrimp feeds as well as the single inclusions of Phaeodactylum spp. or Spirulina spp. had no effect on the tissue composition. Furthermore no improvement of the quality of the shrimps due to an enhanced digestibility of mash by enzymes (mixture of corolase, phytase, xylanase) could be detected. In contrast the quality of shrimps seemed to be negatively affected by enzymes in this study. These findings could contribute to making shrimp aqua farming more economic as reduction of feed costs without reduction of the quality of the shrimps would be a large benefit.

THE DYNAMICS OF GENETIC VARIABILITY IN THREE GENERATIONS OF MASS SELECTION FOR FAST GROWTH IN AFRICAN CATFISH, Clarias gariepinus ASSESSED BY MICROSATELLITE MARKERS Imron Imron; Bambang Iswanto; Huria Marnis; Rommy Suprapto; Narita Syawalia Ridzwan
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 10, No 2 (2015): (December 2015)
Publisher : Center for Fisheries Research, Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resource

Selective breeding aiming at improving the performance of economically important traits acts by exploiting population’s phenotypic variance. Due to the relationship between phenotype and genotype, selection on phenotype may also affect the profile of genotype. This study was aimed to monitor the impact of three generations of mass selection for fast growth in African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, on genetic variability, assessed by microsatellite. A total of 350 fish representing four populations, namely a composite base population (G-0), selected lines of the first generation (G-1) to the third generation (G-3), were sampled. The samples were screened for their genetic diversity using five microsatellite loci1 namely cga01, cga02, cga03, cga05, and cga09. Several genetic parameters including number of allele (A), allelic richness (AR), observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity, and fixation index (Fis) were evaluated. The results showed that there was a slight increase in the value of diversity indices in the G-1 relative to the G-0 and to the other two generations. Among these parameters, the number of allele seemed to be the most sensitive parameter in detecting genetic changes. All populations experienced heterozygote deficit and positive fixation index indicating the phenomena of inbreeding. Overall, selection for growth for three generations in African catfish breeding program resulted in significant genetic differentiation between populations. Further, the level of genetic differentiation seemed to accumulate along with the number of generaton in breeding program. However, selection did not result in a decline in genetic diversity within population. A relatively short period of the program, along with the use a high number of broodstock (mating pairs) to produce each generation seems to be able to maintain the stability of genetic diversity of the population.

GENETIC VARIABILITY AND POPULATION STRUCTURE OF GROUPER (Epinephelus suillus) FROM MAKASSAR STRAIT AND BONE BAY, SOUTH SULAWESI, INDONESIA Andi Parenrengi; Andi Tenriulo
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 3, No 2 (2008): (December 2008)
Publisher : Center for Fisheries Research, Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resource

Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was employed to determine the genetic variability and population structure of grouper (Epinephelus suillus) from Makassar Strait and Bone Bay, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Genomic DNA was isolated from preserved muscle tissue using Phenol-Chloroform technique. Among 24-screened arbitrary primers, ten primers (OPA-02, OPA-06, OPA-08, OPA-10, OPA-15, OPA-16, OPA-17, OPA-18, OPA-19 and CA-05) were selected to generate RAPD fingerprinting of grouper populations. The ten primers generated a total of 212 fragments (loci) and 120 polymorphic fragments in their size ranging from 250 to 2,500bp. The high polymorphism (60%) was obtained from Makassar population followed by Bone (59%) and Pare-Pare populations (50%). Similarity index of individuals was 0.86±0.07 for Pare-Pare, 0.80±0.11 for Makassar and 0.82±0.07 for Bone population. Fifteen fragments from ten primes were identified as species-specific markers of E. suillus. The UPGMA cluster analysis showed that the dendrogram seemed to be clustered according to their geographical location, where Pare-Pare population was genetically closer to Makassar population (D=0.20) than to Bone population (D=0.24).

INTERACTION BETWEEN DIETARY MINERAL AND PHYTASE ON BIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCES OF JAPANESE FLOUNDER, Paralichthys olivaceus. PART I. GROWTH, FEED INTAKE, AND WHOLE BODY MINERAL CONTENT Asda Laining; Lidemen Lidemen; Manabu Ishikawa
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 8, No 1 (2013): (June 2013)
Publisher : Center for Fisheries Research, Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resource

In order to determine the effect of dietary calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorus (IP), and phytase (P) supplementation in marine fish, a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design was arranged to observe the interrelationship between dietary Ca and IP with the presence of dietary phytase. Two levels of dietary Ca at 0% and 0.2% combined with either 0% or 0.25% of dietary IP and either with 0 and 2,000 FTU phytase/kg diet, respectively to formulate eight experimental diets. SPI-based diet was used as basal diet and the sources of Ca, IP, and phytase were similar to those used in the previous experiment. Juvenile Japanese flounder with initial body weight around 0.6 g was fed the test diets. After 30 days of feeding trial, the results showed that both dietary IP and phytase, but not dietary Ca significantly enhanced the growth and feed intake. The highest growth was achieved in fish fed a diet containing the Ca, IP, and phytase supplement among groups. Fish fed diet without the three dietary supplements had the lowest SGR and did not significantly improve by supplementing dietary Ca. Feed intake (FI) and was significantly influenced by dietary IP and phytase, not dietary Ca while feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly affected by all dietary treatments. Interaction effect was detected between dietary Ca and IP, between dietary IP and P on FCR. Total phosphorus content in whole body was significantly increased by supplementing all dietary treatments which was highest in fish fed 0.25 IP/0.2 Ca/P. Significant interaction was observed between dietary IP and P on this parameter. Whole body Ca content was significantly improved by either dietary IP or Ca and not dietary P. As conclusion even without inorganic Ca supplement, dietary IP at level of 0.25% or 2,000 FTU phytase/kg diet could enhance growth and FI of fish as well as whole body phosphorus content of juvenile Japanese flounder when diet basal contained organic Ca around 1.2%.

DOMINANT FACTORS AFFECTING SEAWEED (Gracilaria verrucosa) PRODUCTION IN ACID SULFATE SOILS-AFFECTED PONDS OF LUWU REGENCY, INDONESIA Akhmad Mustafa; Jesmond Sammut
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 5, No 2 (2010): (December 2010)
Publisher : Center for Fisheries Research, Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resource

Most of brackish water ponds used for seaweed (Gracilaria verrucosa) culture in Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia are constructed on acid sulfate soil. Despite this inevitable condition, opportunities remain open to increase the seaweed production. The research was conducted to study the dominant factors that affect the seaweed production in ASS-affected ponds of Luwu Regency. As a dependent variable in this research is seaweed production. Independent variables were grouped into: (a) farmer status factor, consisting of 9 variables; (b) pond condition factor, consisting of 8 variables; (c) pond management factor, consisting of 29 variables; (d) soil quality factor, consisting of 17 variables and (e) water quality factor, consisting of 11 variables. Multiple regression with dummy variable was used to analyze the data in prediction dependent variable. Results show that the average of seaweed production in ASS-affected pond of Luwu Regency is 11,000 kg dry/ha/year. Seaweed production can be increased through: (a) decreasing dosage of urea and KCl and increasing dosage and frequency of fertilizer containing phosphate; (b) increasing water depth in the pond and decreasing percentage of water exchange,(c) conducting remediation to increase the soil pH and decreasing the concentration of Fe in the water, (d) increasing stocking density of milkfish to decrease the epiphyte population and (e) increasing the frequency of the farmer to attend trainings.

DOES INTERFERON (IFN)S EXIST IN CRUSTACEA? Dewi Syahidah; Leigh Owens
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 6, No 1 (2011): (June 2011)
Publisher : Center for Fisheries Research, Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resource

The wide exploration of interferon (IFN)s in vertebrates for medical purposes has attracted researchers to investigate the existence of a similar role of interferon in other organisms such as invertebrates, including insects, and crustacea. A review of the literature indicates that there is no evidence of interferon existing either in insects such as D. melanogaster and A. gambiae which have had their genomes fully sequenced or in crustacea. However, a nonspecific antiviral state in crustacean, such as P. monodon can be efficiently triggered by both dsRNA and siRNA. The evidence suggests that anonymous cytokines, similar to interferon and not identical to any vertebrate IFNs, related to antiviral protection, do exist in crustacea. However, how widely spread of interferon immune response inducer or interferon-like molecules in this group is an important issue that remains to be explored.

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Ofan Bosman

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Ofan Bosman

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iaj.puslitbangkan@gmail.com

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