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INDONESIA
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal
Published by Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan RI
ISSN : 02150883     EISSN : 25026577     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal is a peer-reviewed and open access journal based in Indonesia that globally/internationally accepts and publishes scientific articles in the field of aquaculture. The journal is hosted and managed by the Center for Fisheries Research, Indonesian Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries and serving as a scientific platform to share research information in and contribute to the development of various disciplines of aquaculture including genetics, reproduction, nutrition and feed, fish health and diseases, engineering, and environmental assessment.
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Articles 354 Documents
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A REVIEW OF TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN SHRIMP AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION Paul, Morfow Nkeze; Kasan, Nor Azman; Oben, Benedicta Oshuware Mbu; Osho, Friday Elijah
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 20, No 2 (2025): (December, 2025)
Publisher : Agency for Marine and Fisheries Extension and Human Resources

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/iaj.20.2.2025.157-172

Abstract

This review examines breakthrough technological developments in shrimp aquaculture, emphasizing key advances, remaining barriers, and policy implications for sustainable sector growth. Major technological innovations include biotechnology-driven improvements such as genetic selection, MAS and emerging CRISPR applications for disease-resistant stocks. AI-based monitoring and automation systems that optimize feeding and environmental control in real time; microbial approaches including probiotics and biofloc technology that enhance water quality and pond stability. Novel feeds incorporating insect, microbial and other alternative proteins to reduce dependence on fishmeal. These advances collectively improve productivity, animal health and environmental performance. However, adoption is hindered by high capital costs, technical complexity and limited farmer training. More so, uneven access to digital and genomic tools, particularly among small-scale producers. Addressing these barriers requires supportive policies that promote inclusive technology transfer, investment incentives, capacity building and regulatory frameworks for safe use of biotechnologies and data-driven systems. Overall, the review highlights how integrated biotechnological and AI-enabled innovations can transform shrimp aquaculture, provided that enabling policies ensure equitable, responsible and sustainable implementation.
ENHANCING PROTEIN UTILIZATION AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE IN STRIPED CATFISH WITH CINNAMALDEHYDE AND OPTIMIZED ENERGY-TO-PROTEIN RATIOS Wahyudi, Imam Tri; Jusadi, Dedi; Setiawati, Mia; Ekasari, Julie; Suprayudi, Muhammad Agus; Kurniawinata, Mohamad Iqbal; Imlani, Ainulyakin Hasan
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 20, No 2 (2025): (December, 2025)
Publisher : Agency for Marine and Fisheries Extension and Human Resources

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/iaj.20.2.2025.221-230

Abstract

Efficient dietary protein utilization is essential to reduce feed costs and environmental impacts in sustainable aquaculture. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of cinnamaldehyde (CA) supplementation in feed with various energy-to-protein (E:P) ratios on the chemical composition of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. The five feed formulas that made up the treatment feed were as follows: 28:13-C0 (28 % Protein with an E:P ratio of 13 and CIN 0 g kg-1); 25:14-C1 (25 % protein with an E:P ratio of 14 and CIN 1.2 g kg-1); 25:14-C2 (25 % protein with an E:P ratio of 14 and CIN 1.7 g kg-1); 25:15-C1 (25 % protein with an E:P ratio of 15 and CIN 1.2 g kg-1); and 25:15-C2 (25 % Protein with an E:P ratio of 15 and CIN 1.7 g kg-1). Striped catfish weighing 28.06 ± 0.19 g were placed in a hapa (2 × 1 × 1 m3) at a density of 25 fish per cage. Fish were fed to apparent satiation three times daily for 60 d. The 25:14-C2, 25:15-C1, and 25:15-C2 diets increased albumin levels and reduced cholesterol, while 25:15-C2 also yielded the highest total protein and lowest triglyceride levels. Growth performance and feed efficiency were comparable among 28:13-C0, 25:14-C2, 25:15-C1, and 25:15-C2 (final weight: 141.62–143.75 g; FCR: 1.16–1.19). Protein efficiency ratio was highest in 25:15-C1 and 25:15-C2, whereas protein retention peaked in 25:14-C2. The hepatosomatic index was elevated in 25:14-C1, 25:14-C2, and 25:15-C1. Body lipid content was highest in 25:15-C1, while muscle lipid content was lowest in 25:14-C2 and 25:15-C1. Reducing dietary protein from 28 % to 25 % did not compromise growth performance at the E:P ratio level of 15 with a supplementation of 1.2 g kg-1 CIN.
MORINGA LEAF SIMPLICIA ENCHANCED HEALTH STATUS AND IMMUNE RESPONSE OF TILAPIA AGAINST Edwardsiella tarda INFECTION Ratnadilla, Thamara; Wahjuningrum, Dinamella; Widanarni, Widanarni
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 20, No 2 (2025): (December, 2025)
Publisher : Agency for Marine and Fisheries Extension and Human Resources

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/iaj.20.2.2025.107-122

Abstract

Intensive fish aquaculture increases the risk of diseases like Edwardsiellosis caused by Edwardsiella tarda, which can lead to 30–50% mortality rates. While antibiotics have been used for disease control, excessive use can result in antibiotic residue and bacterial resistance. Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera) are a promising herbal ingredient containing active compounds like glucomoringin, moringin, flavonoids, tannins, sapponins, alkaloids, and phenols, which can be used in aquaculture. This study aims to evaluate the effect of administering different doses of moringa leaf simplicia (MOLS) through feed for the prevention of E. tarda bacterial infection in tilapia. The research was conducted in two stages, namely in vitro and in vivo testing. The first stage was an in vitro test to determine the dose of moringa leaf extract that can inhibit the growth of E. tarda. The second stage was an in vivo test to evaluate the effect of feeding MOLS on growth performance, health status and immune response, and resistance of tilapia to E. tarda infection. In vivo tests were namely MOLS 12.5 g kg-¹ (M12.5), 25 g kg-¹ (M25), 50 g kg-¹ (M50), positive control (K+) and negative control (K-). The test fish used were tilapia fish measuring 7.77 ± 0.06 g which were kept in 15 aquariums with density of 10 fish per aquarium for 30 days. Fish were challenged on the 31st day with E. tarda cell suspension 106 CFU mL-1 which corresponds of the LD50 value-the bacterial dose that cause 50% mortality in the tested fish population and then the fish were maintained for 7 days. The results showed that increasing the addition of MOLS for 30 resulted in significant improvements (P<0.05) in growth of tilapia with control. The highest abundance of lactic acid bacteria was found in the M12.5 treatment, a significant difference (P<0.05) compared to the control treatment. MOLS also significantly improved the health status and immune response of tilapia (P<0.05), and suppressed the population of E. tarda in kidney and liver organs. Kidney histopathology showed normal to lightly damage in the MOLS treatment observed significantly lower (P<0.05) than the K+ treatment with lightly damage. Liver histopathology also showed normal to lightly damage in MOLS treatment observed significantly lower (P<0.05) than K+ with medium damage. M12.5 treatment showed the highest resistance significantly different (P<0.05) compared to K+ treatment. MOLS was able to improve the health status and immune response, as well as the resistance of tilapia to E. tarda infection with the best dose in feed with the addition of 12.5 g kg-¹ MOLS.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE WATER PARAMETER TO THE GROWTH AND THE CARRAGEENAN QUALITY OF Kappaphycus alvarezii (DOTY) DOTY EX P.C. SILVA (1996) IN BELOPA, LUWU REGENCY, INDONESIA Istiqamah, Nur; Litaay, Magdalena; Ambeng, Ambeng
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 20, No 2 (2025): (December, 2025)
Publisher : Agency for Marine and Fisheries Extension and Human Resources

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/iaj.20.2.2025.173-183

Abstract

The research aims to determine the relationship of water quality parameters to the growth and carrageenan quality of red algae Kappaphycus alvarezii. This research was conducted in July November 2022 in the waters of Belopa sub-district, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Water quality parameters measured were temperature, pH, salinity, brightness, depth, current velocity, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, and phosphate. The cultivation was conducted by longline method. There were 3 stations and each station had 3 stretched ropes with a length of 5 m as replicates. The growth was calculated by measuring the specific growth rate and the absolute weight growth. The quality of carrageenan was tested by yield, water content, and ash content. Water quality and growth data were collected every 10 days for 40 days. The effect of growth and quality of carrageenan on each location was analyzed through ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis tests. The relationship between parameters was analyzed through coefficient correlation tests (Pearson Simple Linear Correlation). The determination of characteristic parameters at each station was applied through the principal component analysis test. The results showed that the yield of carrageenan was impacted by phosphate. The water affected by nitrate and brightness. Ash content affected by temperature, pH, and current velocity. Different location  did not significantly affect the growth and quality of carrageenan.
MD-2-LIKE PROTEINS IN CRUSTACEANS: STRUCTURE, IMMUNE FUNCTIONS, AND AQUACULTURE APPLICATIONS Abubakar Saadu; Emmanuel Ofori-Amponsah
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 21, No 1 (2026): (June, 2026)
Publisher : Agency for Marine and Fisheries Extension and Human Resources

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/iaj.21.1.2026.13-22

Abstract

MD-2-like proteins belong to the MD-2-related lipid-recognition family and function as lipid-binding molecules in innate immunity. In crustaceans, these proteins have been reported to bind lipopolysaccharides and are implicated in antibacterial immune responses, despite the abshence of a canonical TLR4 signaling pathway, though their precise in vivo mechanisms remain unresolved. Homologs identified in shrimp and crabs share conserved structural motifs linked to lipid binding and immune recognition. Evidence from transcriptomics, ligand-binding assays, and functional perturbation studies supports their involvement in antibacterial defense, although in vivo mechanisms remain unresolved. This narrative review synthesizes current knowledge on MD-2-like proteins of the ML (MD-2-related lipid-recognition) superfamily in crustaceans, focusing on their structure, distribution, and putative immune functions. Clarifying the biological roles of these proteins may in the future inform immune-based approaches to disease management in crustacean aquaculture, pending functional validation in vivo.
EFFECTS OF DIETARY RECOMBINANT GROWTH HORMONE WITH WATERBORNE CALCIUM CARBONATE SUPPLEMENTATION ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND GH–IGF AXIS-RELATED GENE EXPRESSION IN JUVENILE SNAKEHEAD (Channa striata) Indah Permata Sari; Alimuddin Alimuddin; Agus Oman Sudrajat; Tatag Budiardi
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 21, No 1 (2026): (June, 2026)
Publisher : Agency for Marine and Fisheries Extension and Human Resources

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/iaj.21.1.2026.23-33

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of dietary recombinant growth hormone (rGH) and waterborne calcium carbonate (CaCO3) supplementation on growth performance, feed utilization, body composition, and growth-related gene expression in snakehead (Channa striata) juveniles. The experiment was conducted for 90 days using four treatments: control (R0C0, without rGH and CaCO3 supplementation), treatment 1 (R5C0, 5 mg kg-1 rGH and without CaCO3  supplementation), treatment 2 (R5C25, rGH and 25 mg L-1 CaCO3 supplementation), and treatment 3 (R5C50 rGH and 50 mg L-1 CaCO3  supplementation), each with six replicates. The results showed that rGH significantly increased final body weight (BWt) and specific growth rate, and reduced feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with the control. Final body weight was significantly higher in R5C0 and R5C50 than in the control, with no significant difference between these treatments. In contrast, body length increased significantly with increasing CaCO3  dose, with the highest value observed in R5C50. Feed conversion ratio decreased significantly in all rGH treatments but did not differ among R5C0, R5C25, and R5C50. Protein and lipid retention were highest in R5C0 and decreased with CaCO3  supplementation. Body calcium content increased with CaCO3  supplementation, with the highest value observed in R5C50. Gene expression analysis showed that rGH significantly increased GH and IGF-1 expression compared to the control, while no consistent significant differences were observed among combined treatments. These findings suggest that rGH predominantly enhanced weight gain and feed utilization, whereas CaCO3  supplementation under rGH treatment was associated with increased body length. The combined treatments resulted in complementary but parameter-specific effects.
ESTIMATION OF HERITABILITY AND SELECTION RESPONSE FOR BODY LENGTH OF NEON TETRA (Paracheirodon innesi) FROM BOJONGSARI DISTRICT, INDONESIA Siti Zuhriyyah Musthofa; Alimuddin Alimuddin; Harton Arfah; Dinar Tri Soelistyowati; Odang Carman; Eni Kusrini
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 21, No 1 (2026): (June, 2026)
Publisher : Agency for Marine and Fisheries Extension and Human Resources

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/iaj.21.1.2026.1-11

Abstract

The neon tetra (Paracheirodon innesi), a popular South American ornamental fish, has become a key species in Indonesian aquaculture, with production centered in Bojongsari, Depok. However, the industry faces declining genetic quality due to inbreeding. Therefore, implementing a selective breeding program is considered an effective approach to improve genetic quality. This study aimed to estimate the heritability and selection response of the body length trait in the base population of neon tetra fish. Selection was conducted on the entire population using a within-family selection method, specifically employing broodstock from the Curug and Bojongsari populations. A reciprocal breeding design was established using four mating combinations, each comprising 25 pairs of 4- to 5-month-old broodstock (3.28±0.15 cm total length; 0.43±0.06 g body weight) mated at a 1:1 sex ratio. The offspring were reared separately and grown out in an aquarium for 120 days. The results showed that the estimated heritability was 0.42, with a response to selection of 0.13 cm (4.9%). Our finding of moderate heritability implies that this trait can be effectively enhanced through a systematic breeding program. These figures suggest that the selection process for the next generation of neon tetra fish remains viable.
EFFECTS OF EXOGENOUS PROTEASE SUPPLEMENTATION IN PALM KERNEL MEAL-BASED DIETS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND HEALTH CONDITION OF PACIFIC WHITE SHRIMP (Penaeus vannamei) CULTURED IN HAPA NETS Romi Novriadi; Mila Wahyuningsih; I Gusti Ngurah Permana; Ketut Mahardika; Didi Widjaya; Nguyen Ngoc Binh; Hervé Lucien- Brun
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 21, No 1 (2026): (June, 2026)
Publisher : Agency for Marine and Fisheries Extension and Human Resources

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/iaj.21.1.2026.43-56

Abstract

The effect of exogenous protease complex (Jefo Protease, Jefo Nutrition Inc., Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada) was investigated for 90 days on the forty hapa nets (2 m × 2 m × 1 m, 200 shrimps per hapa net) with five replicates for each treatment groups to the growth, health condition, and also histological condition of the distal intestine and hepatopancreas of the shrimp Penaeus vannamei. Treatments were generally grouped into feed groups supplemented with protease and without protease. The first diet in the protease group was formulated using 40% soybean meal (SBM) and supplemented with protease (0JPKM). Then, the following three experimental feeds were formulated with reduced inclusion levels of SBM, replaced with 5, 10, and 15% palm kernel meal (PKM), supplemented with protease, and labeled as 5, 10, and 15 JPKM. For feed without protease, a similar formulation was used as the protease group without adding protease and labeled as 0, 5, 10, and 15% PKM. In our study, adding protease improved shrimp growth performance; even the inclusion of 5% PKM to replace SBM supplemented with protease (5JPKM) had the same growth as the shrimp fed with SBM without protease (0 PKM). Data on the total hemocyte count (THC) of shrimp showed an increase in the group with protease supplementation compared to those without protease supplementation. Meanwhile, lysozyme activity did not significantly differ. Histomorphology evaluation data in the hepatopancreas and intestine of shrimp showed better morphology in shrimp supplemented with protease compared to the group of shrimps that were not supplemented with protease. These results show that protease supplementation in feed protease with an inclusion level of 0.18% could significantly improve growth performance, THC, and digestion in P. vannamei shrimp.
A DECADE OF PROBIOTIC AQUACULTURE PRACTICE: BIBLIOMETRIC INSIGHTS INTO TRENDS, PLAYERS, AND EMERGING TOPICS Rashidah Abdul Razak; Muhammad Fitri Yusof; Syamsul Ahmad Ariffin; Muhamad Zudaidy Jaapar; Amatul Samahah Md Ali
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 21, No 1 (2026): (June, 2026)
Publisher : Agency for Marine and Fisheries Extension and Human Resources

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/iaj.21.1.2026.57-68

Abstract

Probiotics in aquaculture gain research interest due to their potential to improve production and promote sustainable aquaculture. This study aims to systematically identify the trend, topic of interest, key players and collaboration in probiotic aquaculture research field for past 10 years. We conducted a bibliometric analysis using Scopus to collect and analyse scholarly publications related to probiotic in aquaculture. The sample is composed by 1467 articles in total with increase trends pattern in number of publications per year. Metrics such as citation counts, co-authorship networks, and keyword co-occurrence were employed to unveil the research landscape. The VOSviewer tool was utilized for network visualizations, offering insights into collaboration patterns and thematic clusters. Preliminary findings indicate increasing trend in terms of documents per year, with countries such as China, India, Spain and US playing pivotal roles in number of publications. Keyword co-occurrence analysis uncovers central themes is probiotic and aquaculture, while emerging topics such as intestinal health, Penaeus vannamei, bacteria, and water quality start to be explored. Citation analysis discovers most contributing authors, countries, institution, and journals in this research area. The co-authorship network analysis reveals clustering of collaborations between countries, emphasizing the global interest research of probiotic in aquaculture. We concluded that global theme will remain the major focus with new collaborations focus on specific niche in this research will emerge as it benefits the contributing countries.
EVALUATION OF THE INDONESIAN PEARL AND PEARL OYSTER MARKET Raismin Kotta; Irzal Effendi; Iis Diatin; Tatag Budiardi
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 21, No 1 (2026): (June, 2026)
Publisher : Agency for Marine and Fisheries Extension and Human Resources

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/iaj.21.1.2026.97-113

Abstract

Evaluation of the Indonesian pearl market is still dominated by trade analysis, while integration of export data with field information on supply chains and market dynamics has been limited. This study aims to evaluate the pearl and pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima) market in Indonesia through an analysis of export trends, changes in trade value, and supply chain conditions during the 2020–2024 period. The study used a survey method approach with primary data collection through field observations and in-depth interviews with 45 respondents consisting of cultivators, traders, and consumers in North Lombok, East Lombok, and West Sumbawa, supported by secondary data from government agencies and the Indonesian Pearl Cultivation Association. The analysis was conducted descriptively using Microsoft Excel and SPSS. The results show that the total volume of Indonesian pearl exports during the observation period reached 46,072 kg with an export value of approximately USD 309.8 million. Although export volume decreased in 2023–2024, export value increased significantly in 2023 to USD 112.9 million, indicating an increase in average prices or a shift towards higher value-added products. Interview findings and field observations revealed that product quality, premium market preferences, and challenges in the supply chain and international marketing standards were the main factors influencing export performance. It was concluded that the competitiveness of the Indonesian pearl market is supported by increasing product value, but supply chain strengthening, quality standardization, and sustainable marketing strategies are still needed to maintain export growth.

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