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Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor
ISSN : 23560169     EISSN : 23560177     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Journal of Tropical Crop Science is an international journal publishing research related to tropical crops. Articles in the journal focus on in-vivo and in-vitro production and production environment, breeding, seed technology, physiology, postharvest, pest and pathology of cereals, vegetables, fruits, ornamentals, medicinal and plantation crops; soil, landscape, turf and agro ecology management under tropical conditions.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 24 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 12 No. 01 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science" : 24 Documents clear
Biomass Partitioning of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) at Various Doses of Nitrogen Fertilization Gili, Oktaviana Rosario Sere; Suwarto; Hartono, Arief; Herdiyeni, Yeni
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 01 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.01.10-17

Abstract

The distribution of carbohydrates across different plant organs, or carbohydrate partitioning, is a vital indicator of nitrogen use efficiency and resource allocation in plants. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of varying nitrogen fertilization rates on carbohydrate partitioning in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). A randomized block design was used with six nitrogen dose treatments (0, 45, 90, 135, 180, 225 kg.ha-1) and four replications. Parameters observed included dry weight and carbohydrate distribution in roots, stems, leaves, root tubers, and petioles over eight months after planting (MAP). Results indicated that nitrogen fertilization significantly influenced cassava plants’ dry weight and carbohydrate partitioning, with optimal nitrogen doses varying by plant organ and growth stage. Nitrogen application enhanced carbohydrate allocation to root tubers, particularly from 3 to 8 MAP.
Protocol Development for Assessing Seed Moisture Content and Germination Testing in Amorphophallus muelleri Blume Fadhilah, Siti; Widajati, Eny; Ilyas, Satriyas; Palupi, Endah Retno; Qadir, Abdul
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 01 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.01.132-144

Abstract

Seed quality testing involves the evaluation of germination capacity under a standardized moisture content. However, limited reports have been found for seed testing methodology, especially for Amorphophallus muelleri. Standardizing the seed testing method for A. muelleri is essential to ensure repeatability, reproducibility, and reliable seed germination results. This study aimed to develop procedures for assessing seed moisture content and germination tests. Three seed lots were used for seed moisture content determination. The necessity for seed cutting and efficacy of high-temperature oven methods (133°C for 4, 5, and 6 h) were compared to low-temperature oven methods (103°C for 17 h). Five lots of seeds of different ages were used for the seed germination test using the between-paper method in a constant temperature germinator of 25 and 30 °C. There was no significant difference in the moisture content between the uncut/whole and the seeds cut. The high temperature of 133°C for four hours is an alternative to the low temperature. Germination rates at 25 and 30°C had no significant difference, i.e., 84 to 97% and 83 to 99%, respectively. However, at 30°C, it was shorter to 50% germination (T50) and germination period. Preheating the seeds for four weeks using the dry heat method shortened the seed germination time from 57 to 37 days. Seed lot exposed to dry heat had half the time required to reach T50, or 16.4 to 31.9 days after treatment, with a germination period of 37 to 52 days. The first count of germination at 25°C without preheating was 47 days after planting, and the final count was 73 days after planting, whereas at 30OC, it was 37 and 57 days after planting. The first and final count for germination with preheating treatment at both temperatures was 20 DAP and 37 DAP.
Insect Diversity of Mangrove Ecosystems in Beras Basah Village, Langkat, North Sumatra, Indonesia Siregar, Ameilia Zuliyanti; Joshi, Ravindra C.; Basyuni, Mohammad; Priawandiputra, Windra; Hasanuddin, Aam; Sim, Yenti
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 01 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.01.89-102

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the diversity of insects, including stingless bees (Heterotrigona) in the mangrove ecosystem of Beras Basah Village, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The mangrove plantation in Beras Basah Village contained 11 species, including Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora. stylosa, Avicennia marina, Sonneratia alba, Bruguiera gymnorhizza, Xylocarpus granatum, Excoecaria agallocha, Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea, Lumnitzera racemosa, and Nypa fruticans. Additionally, five flowering plant species were identified in the vicinity: Antigonon leptopus, Asclepias curassavica, Helianthus annuus, Calliandra grandiflora, Portulaca grandiflora. Other plant species recorded in the area included Cocos nucifera, Pandanus amaryllifolius, Leucaena leucocephala, Ziziphus mauritiana, Albizia chinensis, and Terminalia catappa. Insect identification from four observations using sweep nets, yellow sticky traps, and blue pan traps resulted in the collection of 1,525 individual insects belonging to eight orders, 17 families, and 19 genera. These insects included ten predators and pests, comprising five Odonata species (Neurothemis terminata, Orthetrum sabina, Orthetrum testaceum, Potamarcha congener, Zyxomma obtusum) and five ant species (Camponotus spp., Crematogaster spp., Nylanderia spp., Odontoponera denticulate, Pheidole spp.). The insect functional status within the mangrove area was determined to include seven species of scavengers, 12 species of herbivores, two species of pollinators, 19 species of predators, one species of parasitoid, and four species of insect disease vectors. This study provides valuable insights into the insect diversity and ecological roles within the mangrove ecosystem of Beras Basah Village, contributing to a better understanding of the conservation and management of this important habitat.
The Patterns of N/P/K Stoichiometry of Indonesian Soybean Varieties in the Dryland Environment Fatkhunnisa, Ratu; Santosa, Edi; Supijatno
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 01 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.01.103-115

Abstract

Soybeans are among the best plant-based sources of protein. However, a high intake of rich potassium legumes such as soybean could have negative impacts on people who are sensitive to high potassium. A study on NPK stoichiometry of the most popular Indonesian soybean varieties was conducted as a preliminary evaluation to develop low-potassium soybeans. The experiment was conducted at Cikabayan Experimental Station, IPB University, from January to April 2024. The field experiment was arranged in randomized block design using 12 soybean varieties: “Anjasmoro”, “Deja 2”, “Dena 1”, “Dering 1”, “Denasa 1”, “Denasa 2”, “Dering 3”, “Devon 1”, “Devon 2”, “Grobogan”, “Mallika”, and “Slamet”. Results showed that “Slamet” produced the highest stover while “Anjasmoro” was the lowest. “Slamet”, “Dering 1”, and “Mallika” produced the highest bean production per hectare (3.75-4.73 t ha- 1). N uptake was higher than P, and K. Seed of “Dena 1” had the lowest K content, while the highest was “Denasa 1”. The stoichiometric ratios of N/P, N/K, P/K showed different values according to varieties. Thus, decreasing the K level in seed could be done by selecting a low K variety.
Efficacy of Seed Treatment Insecticides against Major Early Season Sucking Pests on Cotton in the Middle Awash, Afar Region, Ethiopia Alemu, Zemedkun; Getahun, Sileshi; Seid, Nurhussein
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 01 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.01.124-131

Abstract

The sucking pest (whiteflies, aphids, cotton jassids, thrips, and cotton mealy bug) complex is a serious pest of cotton that causes a 22% decrease in yield. This research was carried out at Werer Agricultural Research Center in the Middle Awash of the Afar Region during the 2021 and 2022 cotton growing seasons to evaluate the efficacy of seed-dressing insecticides against an early-season sucking pest complex. Five treatments, including imidacloprid 70%, thiamethoxam 20% + metalaxyl - 20% + difenoconazole 2%, thiamethoxam 35% FS, thiamethoxam 25% WG, and untreated control, were evaluated in a randomized complete block design replicated four times. The results showed that the use of seed-dressing pesticides had a significant (P<0.05) influence on the populations of aphids, whiteflies, cotton jassids, and mealybugs. The thiamethoxam 25% WG was the most effective insecticide, with the highest pest reduction percentage and the lowest pest population resulting in significantly higher yield. This finding implies that thiamethoxam 25% WG can control early season sucking pests in cotton from emergence to six weeks in irrigated areas. Therefore, the use of thiamethoxam 25% WG as a seed dresser can be recommended as an option for controlling early season sucking pest complexes of cotton to prevent yield loss.
Growth Promotion of Oil Palm Seedlings (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) with Slow-Release Fertilizer Application Harahap, Adiansyah; Hariyadi; Junaedi, Ahmad; Prasetyo, Lilik Budi
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 01 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.01.254-260

Abstract

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a major source of vegetable oil and an important plantation commodity in the Indonesian economy. This study aims to determine the effect of slow-release fertilizer on the growth of oil palm seedlings in the primary nursery and to determine the nutrient status through laboratory analysis and spectroradiometer. The study was conducted at the IPB experimental station in Cikabayan, Dramaga, Bogor. Analysis of soil and leaf samples at the AGH Test Laboratory of the IPB University Department from December 2023 to July 2024. This study used a complete randomized block design with one factor, a nine-level fertilizer dose, and was repeated four times. Each experimental unit has 10 plants, so the total plant population is 360. Slow-release fertilizer can supply nutrients for a period of weeks. This study tested if it would benefit the growth of oil palm seedlings in the primary nursery. A slow-release fertilizer dose of 75% provides the best increase in oil palm seedling growth, whereas, at 50 and 150% doses, it did not increase compared to the control. The agronomic effectiveness value is above 95%.
Response of Growth and Yield of "IPB 9G" Rice to The Application of NPK and Biofertilizers Manullang, Frisca Anggriani; Lubis, Iskandar; Munif Ghulamahdi
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 01 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.01.70-76

Abstract

Rice is a staple food crop that is challenging to replace with alternative crops. Strategies that balance high yields with environmental sustainability are crucial to enhance rice production. One such approach is integrating organic, biological, and chemical fertilizers. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of combining these fertilizers on the growth and yield of "IPB 9G" rice. The experiment was conducted at the IPB experimental farm in Cikabayan, Bogor, Indonesia, from March to June 2024, using a randomized complete block design with two factors and three replications. Treatments included two doses of NPK fertilizer (100% and 50% of the recommended dose) and five combinations of organic and biofertilizers: Azotobacter sp., Azotobacter sp. + Pseudomonas sp., humic acid, PGPR (Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria), and a combination of Azotobacter sp. + Pseudomonas sp. + humic acid + PGPR. Parameters observed included leaf area, root volume, shoot dry weight, and yield components such as the number of panicles, 1000-grain weight, and the number of grains per panicle. The results demonstrated a significant interaction between NPK dosage and organic-biofertilizer combinations on plant growth and yield. Notably, applying 50% of the recommended NPK dose combined with Azotobacter sp. + Pseudomonas sp. produced comparable or superior yields to the full NPK dose. These findings highlight the potential of reducing chemical fertilizer usage by incorporating biofertilizers, offering an environmentally sustainable strategy for rice cultivation.
Environmental Risk Analysis and Control For the Development of Sustainable Urban Agriculture Rahmayanti, Fetty Dwi; Gunawan, Andi; Fauzi, Anas Miftah; Santosa, Edi
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 01 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.01.145-157

Abstract

Realizing sustainable urban agriculture is one of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) targets that must be achieved. This research was conducted to analyze and explain environmental risk control for the development of sustainable urban agriculture. The research location was in East Jakarta, one of the cities in Indonesia that has implemented urban farming practices. Identification of urban agricultural environmental risks caused by biotic and abiotic factors determined of 17 categories of questions that can be represented in this research. Three risk assessment scales were used, low, medium and high risk. The environmental risk of urban agriculture caused by biotic and abiotic factors was found to have the highest risk in the air dust category. Based on the research results, it was concluded that, in general, respondents had quite effective knowledge of environmental risks but needed to increase their knowledge and deeper understanding of creating sustainable urban agriculture. Urban agriculture, due to its social, economic, and environmental benefits, should be considered part of a dynamic urban system during planning and implementation.
Dynamics of Nutrient Concentrations, Endogenous Hormones, Photosynthetic Capacity, and Phenological Changes in Black Orchid (Coelogyne pandurata Lindl.) from the Vegetative to Generative Phase Heriansyah, Pebra; Aziz, Sandra Arifin; Sukma, Dewi; Nurcholis, Waras
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 01 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.01.215-234

Abstract

The black orchid (Coelogyne pandurata Lindl.) is one of the native Indonesian orchids from Borneo island. This study analyzed the dynamics of pigments, photosynthetic capacity, endogenous hormones, nutrient concentrations, and phenology across the vegetative to generative stages of the black orchid. The plant materials are one-year-old plants after splitting from the mother plants. Endogenous hormones, nutrient and pigment concentrations, and leaf photosynthetic capacity were measured during vegetative and generative phases. Chlorophyll, anthocyanins, and carotenoids were analyzed using UV-VIS spectrophotometry, Nitrogen (N) was analyzed by the Kjeldahl method, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) by the Bray 1 method and Flame Photometry, and organic carbon by the Walkley- Black method with titration. The hormone levels were analyzed using HPLC, and photosynthetic capacity was determined using a Li-Cor 6800 system. Phenological changes in leaves, bulbs, and flowers were recorded. Results showed total chlorophyll increased from 1.96 to 2.36 mg/g from the vegetative to the generative stage while carotene slightly declined. Leaf nitrogen rose from 1.54% to 1.70%, bulb nitrogen decreased from 0.67% to 0.45%, whereas the C/N ratio increased from 65.24 to 85.36 from the vegetative to the generative phase. Flower nitrogen was 1.50%, and phosphorus was 0.17%. IAA in leaves decreased from 25.12 to 21.37 ng.g⁻¹ dry weight post-flowering, while gibberellin in bulbs increased from 12.28 to 12.96 ng.g⁻¹ dry weight. Zeatin in bulbs declined from 10.52 to 8.81 ng g⁻¹ dry weight. Photosynthesis peaked at 2.73 μmol. m⁻².s⁻¹ in early generative stages and then declined. Photosynthetic photon flux density and stomatal conductance decreased, reducing water and CO₂ exchange efficiency, while net assimilation and transpiration rates showed no significant changes. These physiological adjustments, including increased chlorophyll levels, changes in nitrogen allocation, and fluctuations in hormone concentrations, reflect the plant’s adaptive strategies to meet higher energy demands during reproductive growth, ensuring efficient resource distribution for flowering.
Agronomic Performance and Light Interception in a Multi Canopy Rice Cultivation System Husna; Junaedi, Ahmad; Purnamawati, Heni
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 01 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.01.77-88

Abstract

Vertical space optimization through a multi-canopy system can potentially increase rice production. This research aims to evaluate the agronomic performance, light interception, and production of rice plants cultivated with a multi-canopy system. This research was conducted at the Sawah Baru Experimental Farm, IPB University. Rice varieties used two common height plants (“Inpari 30” and “Inpari 32”) and the taller plants (“IPB 9G”). This research consisting of nine treatment combinations of cultivation system: mono-variety (“Inpari 30”, “Inpari 32”, and “IPB 9G”), combination of two varieties in one hill multi-canopy (“Inpari 30”-“IPB 9G” and “Inpari 32”-“IPB 9G”), inter-variety one-insertion multi-canopy (“Inpari 30”-“IPB 9G” and “Inpari 32”-“IPB 9G”), and inter-variety two-insertion multi-canopy (“Inpari 30”-“IPB 9G” and “Inpari 32”-“IPB 9G”). The results showed morphological and physiological performance as good in a multi-canopy system (inter-variety one insertion) on the variables of the plant height, number of panicles per clump, panicle length, number of grains per hill, weight of grains per hill, photosynthetic rate and land equivalent ratio (LER). The percentage of light interception in the multi-canopy system decreased by 19.13-61.54%. The inter-variety one-insertion multi-canopy with the “Inpari 30”-“IPB 9G” combination increases yield potential by 10.18%, and the “Inpari 32”-“IPB 9G” combination increases by 13.81% compared to the mono-variety. The combination of the “Inpari 30”- “IPB 9G” and “Inpari 32”-“IPB 9G” variety in an inter-variety one-insertion multi-canopy system produces an LER value of 1.75 and 1.64; this shows that the inter-variety one insertion multi-canopy system is promising to increase rice production.

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