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INDONESIA
SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Education,
Mathematics
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Articles 169 Documents
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Analisis Kandungan Kadmium (Cd) dalam Tanaman Bawang Merah dari Tegal Kusumaningrum, Hermin Pancasakti; Herusugondo, Herusugondo; Zainuri, Muhammad; Raharjo, Budi
JURNAL SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA Volume 20 Issue 4 Year 2012
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Abstract

Ketergantungan pestisida pada sentra produksi bawang merah Kabupaten Tegal telah menimbulkan pencemaran logam berat kadmium (Cd) di dalam tanah dan tanaman bawang merah. Kadar logam tersebut telah melebihi ambang batas yang dapat mengganggu kesehatan manusia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan analisis kandungan kadmium pada akar, daun dan umbi tanaman bawang merah dari Tegal. Metode penelitian dilakukan melalui analisis kandungan logam berat kadmium dalam tanaman bawang merah  dibandingkan dengan kontrol menggunakan metode spektrofotometri atom absorbansi (AAS). Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan kandungan kadmium pada umbi, daun dan akar bawang merah di Tegal pada umur 20 hari berturut-turut adalah sebagai berikut 3,4805 mg/g; 4,1374 mg/g dan 7,9175 mg/g. Kandungan kadmium pada umbi, daun dan akar bawang merah umur 50 hari atau usia panen berturut-turut adalah sebagai berikut 1,8331 mg/g; 1, 8331 mg/g dan 3,5323 mg/g. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan konsentrasi kadmium yang melampaui batas ambang aman bagi makanan, kesehatan dan lingkungan.    Pesticide dependence on onion production centers Tegal has caused heavy metal pollution of cadmium (Cd) in the soil and plant onions. This metal content exceeds the threshold that can impair human health. The purpose of this study was to analyze lead content in root, leaves and bulb of red onion from Tegal. Research methods to analyze the content of heavy metals in the soil compared to the control using atomic absorbance spectrophotometry (AAS). The research results showed lead content in roots, leaves and roots of onion at the age of 20 days in a row is as follows 3,4805 mg/g; 4,1374 mg/g and 7,9175 mg/g. The results obtained shows that cadmium concentrations exceed safe thresholds for food, health and the environment.
UPTAKE OF NICKEL(II) USING DIMETHYLGLIOXYME CHELATE ANION EXCHANGE RESIN Nugraheni, Nugraheni VD; Gunawan, Gunawan; Junaedi, Cholik Muhammad
JURNAL SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA Volume 18 Issue 3 Year 2010
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Abstract

ABSTRACT---Uptake  of   nickel(II)   ions  from  solution  are studied  using  strong  base  anion   resin   ( Lewatit  M500, counter  ions  of  Cl-)  and  dimethylglyoxime   (2,3-butanedione dioxime,  H2DMG) as chelating agent. This study was conducted to determine optimum condition of chelate resin preparation for uptake of nickel(II)  ions  from  solution. The research used batch and column techniques. Batch technique was used to determine the best contact time at  chelate  resin preparation, capacity  of chelate resin ( mg Ni2+/ g), effect of pH stripping  (pH 1- 5)  and  pH  of  nickel(II)   solution  (pH 4 - 10)   to   capacity   of  chelate resin  as  well  as  effect of  pH  backwash  (pH 1- 5)  to  percentage  of  nickel(II)  ions  recovery. Column  technique  was  used  for  uptake of  nickel(II) ions  from  waste   water of  industrial  of  metal  veneering. Column flow rate was kept constant at 2 mL/ minute. Nickel(II) ions which were not removed by chelate resin was quantitatively  analyzed with atomic absorption spectrophotometer at wavelength  of 232,00 nm. Result  of  the  research   revealed   the   best   contact   time  at chelate  resin preparation   was  120 - 240   minutes   for   variation  of  contact  time   from  0 to 240 minutes to each 25 gram strong base anion resin. Capacity of chelate resin was obtained about 0,209 to 0,214 mg Ni2+/ g chelate resin. Capacity of  chelate   resin  decreased  progressively  after  process of   stripping  that was  0,217 - 0 mg Ni2+/ g  from pH of 5 to 1. The best range pH of nickel(II) solution was obtained at pH of 6 to  7 with capacity of chelate resin from 0,239 to 0,241 mg Ni2+/ g and selected at pH 6. Percentage recovery of nickel(II) ions increased 21,966 to 75,314% from pH backwash of 5 to 1. With column technique, chelate resin capacity was obtained 0,208 mg Ni2+/ g and breakthrough point was reached when flow times reached in 60 to 80 minutes.Permalink : http://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/sm/article/view/2854
Perbandingan Algoritma Particle Swarm Optimization dan Differential Evoluitonal Algorithm untuk Perancangan Umpan Balik Keadaan : Studi Kasus Gerak Lateral Pesawat F-16 Anis, Madchan; Widowati, Widowati; Tjahjana, R. Heru
JURNAL SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA Volume 20 Issue 4 Year 2012
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Abstract

The purpose of Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) optimal control system is to stabilize the system, so that the output of the system towards a steady state by minimizing the performance index. LQR-invinite horizon is a special case of LQR in thecontinuous time area where the terminal time of the performance index value for infinite time and infinite outputsystem is zero. Performance index will be affected by the weighting matrix. In this paper will be discussed about the application of Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO) and Differential Evolution Algorithm (DEA) to determine the state feedback of a closed loop system and weighting matrices in the LQR to minimize performance index. PSO algorithm is a computational algorithm inspired by social behavior of flocks of birds and fishes in searching of food. While the DEA is an optimization algorithm that is adopted from evolution and genetics of organisms. Simulations of the PSO algorithm will be compared with DEA. From the simulations results is found thatDEA is faster then PSO to get convergence to the optimal solution.   Keywords: LQR-invinite horizone, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Differential Evolution Algorithm (DEA), umpan balik keadaan, sistem lup tertutup
MODEL DINAMIK PENULARAN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) Sutimin, Sutimin; Imamudin, Imamudin
JURNAL SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA Volume 17 Issue 1 Year 2009
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Abstract

ABSTRAK-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) adalah virus yang dapat merusak sistem kekebalan tubuh manusia Virus HIV dapat menyerang orang yang rentan ketika orang yang rentan itu melakukan kontak dengan penderita virus HIV hingga terinfeksi  virus HIV pada akhirnya dapat menderita AIDS atau seropositif non-AIDS. Dengan asumsi-asumsi tentang penularan virus HIV dapat diformulasikan suatu model matematika tentang perpindahan antar orang-orang rentan ke infeksi HIV, penderita AIDS dan seropositif non-AIDS. Model matematika yang menjelaskan penyebaran virus HIV dinyatakan dalam sistem persamaan differensial nonlinear, analisa kestabilan titik kesetimbangan dari model digunakan dengan metode Liapunov dan metode pelinearan untuk mengetahui kesetimbangannya  model. Kata  Kunci : HIV, AIDS dan Kestabilan.
Gamma Spectroscopy Response Analysis of Bismuth Germanium Oxide (BGO) and NaI (Tl) Detector to Determine the Detector Efficiency using the Monte Carlo MCNPX Method Oktajianto, Hammam; Setiawati, Evi; Richardina, Verry
JURNAL SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA Volume 23 Issue 2 Year 2015
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Abstract

Simulation of Gamma spectroscopy with Bismuth Germinate Oxide (BGO) and NaI(Tl) detectors has been done using Monte Carlo method in MCNPX computer program. Simulation was conducted by modelling detector scintillator geometry, model of radiation source which was Cobalt-60 and pulse count model. BGO and NaI(Tl) had a diameter of 3 inch and thickness of 3 inch and closed by Aluminium with 0.05 cm thickness. Extended radiation source of Cobalt-60 was in radius of 0.15 cm which was put in front of detector surface with distance of 0.001 cm, 2 cm, 4 cm, and 12 cm. The simulation results showed that the less radiation count with increasing distance of the radiation source which was put in front of detector. Reduce of the radiation count lead to decrease efficiency in each increase of radiation source distance. The detector efficiency to count gamma ray radiation of BGO detectors was better than NaI(Tl) detector. The maximum efficiency of both detectors was occurred at distance of 0.001 cm in front of detector. These results also showed that MCNPX was able to agreeably simulate detector process to determine spectroscopy Gamma response.
Pengaktifan Kapas Sebagai Resin Penukar Kation Asam Lemah Arnelli, Arnelli; S., M. S.H. Yoga; Astuti, Yayuk
JURNAL SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA Volume 14 issue 4 Year 2006
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Abstract

ABSTRAK---Dengan menggunakan beberapa reaksi kimia, gugus hidroksi dalam struktur selulosa mampu diubah menjadi senyawa eter (R-O-R). Senyawa eter yang disintesis tersebut mengandung gugus karboksilat yang mempunyai kation aktif yang dapat dipertukarkan dengan kation lain. Sebagai sumber selulosa adalah kapas alam. Pada penelitian ini, kapas alam diaktifkan dengan NaOH dan asam trikloroasetat sehingga menghasilkan senyawa eter selulosa. Pemanfatannya sebagai penukar kation dilakukan terhadap kation Cu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi pengaktifan yang memberikan kapasitas adsorbsi optimum adalah pada suhu alkalisasi 60 0C, lama reaksi 120 menit dan konsentrasi asam trikloroasetat sebesar 0.06 M. pada kondisi pengaktifan ini kapas aktif mampu mengadsorbsi kation tembaga 44.10-2 mg/g kapas aktif.   Kata kunci: kapas aktif, trikloroasetat, penukar kation
Fauna Kalajengking (Arachnida : Scorpiones) Di Pemukiman Jatiluhur Jatingaleh Semarang The scorpion fauna ( Arachnida : Scorpiones ) in Semarang Jatingaleh Jatiluhur Settlement Hadi, Mochamad; Rohman, Arief Fatkhu
JURNAL SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA Volume 19 Issue 4 Year 2011
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Abstract

Lingkungan urban merupakan habitat kompleks yang dikembangkan manusia dari lokasi alami atau lahan pertanian yang secara berangsur-angsur dan sepenuhnya telah mengubah kondisi alami menjadi kondisi tidak alami. Lingkungan urban dan sub-urban menyediakan habitat yang sesuai untuk sejumlah kecil fauna kalajengking. Kalajengking sebagai hewan pemangsa berperan dalam  menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem dan jaring makanan, namun demikian kontak dengan manusia menjadikan keberadaan kalajengking dalam lingkungan urban menjadi dilema tersendiri. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji keberadaan dan karekteristik habitat kalajengking di lingkungan urban di Jatiluhur, Jatingaleh, Semarang. Teknik pengamatan dilakukan dengan observasi secara langsung. Data pengamatan berupa karakteristik habiitat dijelaskan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian telah ditemukan dua spesies kalajengking yaitu Chaerilus variegatus dan Isometrus maculatus. Habitat kalajengking berupa pekarangan rumah, dengan mikrohabitat bebatuan, tumpukan genteng, sisa beton bangunan.  Kata kunci : kalajengking, Chaerilus, Isometrus.  Urban environment is a complex habitat that humans developed from natural or agricultural land locations that gradually and completely has changed the natural conditions into unnatural conditions . Urban environment and sub-urban provide suitable habitat for a small number of scorpion fauna . Scorpions as predators play a role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems and food webs , however, make the existence of human contact with scorpions in the urban environment into a dilemma . The study aims to assess the existence and characteristics of scorpion habitats in urban environments in Jatiluhur , Jatingaleh , Semarang . Engineering observations were made by direct observation . Observational data in the form of descriptive characteristics described habiitat . The results have been found in two species of scorpion that is Chaerilus variegatus and Isometrus maculatus . Keywords : scorpion , Chaerilus , Isometrus
Analisis Produktivitas Itik Petelur di Kabupaten Semarang Berdasarkan Indikator Nilai Konversi Pakan, Rasio Tingkat Konsumsi Pakan dengan Intestinum dan Bobot Intestinum dengan Pertambahan Bobot Badan Sunarno, Sunarno; Djaelani, M. Anwar
JURNAL SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA Volume 19 Issue 2 Year 2011
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Abstract

Kabupaten Semarang merupakan salah satu kabupaten di Jawa Tengah dengan jumlah  peternak itik petelur lokal cukup banyak. Berbagai itik lokal dibudidayakan oleh masyarakat setempat, antara lain itik Pengging, Magelang, dan Tegal. Selain letaknya yang strategis, wilayah ini memiliki kondisi mikroklimat yang menunjang kegiatan budidaya itik petelur. Mikroklimat merupakan salah satu faktor penting yang berpengaruh pada produktivitas itik petelur. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis produktivitas itik petelur lokal di Kabupaten Semarang dengan menggunakan beberapa indikator penting, yang meliputi konversi pakan (KP), rasio antara pakan dengan bobot intestinum (BK:BI), dan rasio antara bobot intestinum dengan bobot badan (BI:BB). Metode yang digunakan adalah sampling sederhana dengan cara memilih ketiga jenis itik petelur lokal yang berumur 6 bulan (itik siap bertelur), antara lain itik Pengging, Magelang, dan Tegal, masing-masing sebanyak 6x ulangan. Pengukuran bobot pakan dilakukan setiap hari dengan menggunakan timbangan digital. Bobot badan diukur setiap 5 hari sekali selama satu bulan, sedangkan bobot intestinum diukur pada akhir bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa itik petelur Pengging memiliki nilai KP 98,04, BK:BI = 2,17, dan BI:BB = 0,05, sedangkan itik Magelang dan Tegal, berturut-turut (134,08; 4,08; 0,03) dan (101,35; 2,57; 0,04). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah bahwa itik Pengging memiliki kemampuan konversi pakan, rasio bobot pakan dengan bobot intestinum, dan rasio bobot intestinum dengan bobot badan yang lebih baik dibanding itik Magelang dan Tegal. Berdasarkan indikator tersebut, itik Pengging lebih produktif dibanding itik Magelang dan Tegal dan direkomendasikan untuk dibudidayakan, terutama di daerah yang memiliki karakteristik mikroklimat seperti yang ada di  Kabupaten Semarang.   Keywords: itik petelur, produktivitas, konversi pakan, intestinum, bobot badan
The Antioxidant Growth and Potency of Yeast Rhodosporidium paludigenum DUCC Y-007 on Different Mediums Kusdiyantini, Endang; Budiharjo, Anto
JURNAL SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA Volume 22 Issue 4 Year 2014
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Abstract

The antioxidant growth and potency of yeast Rhodosporidium paludigenum DUCC Y-007 have been studied on two treatment mediums. The yeast could grow on two treatment mediums and the dry weight results obtained during the incubation period of 120 hours were 7.17 g/L and 7.33 g/L. The concentration of reducing sugars in stabilized medium were 3.14 g/L and 3.30 g/L at 72-120 hours incubation time respectively. There were differences in pH changes during incubation time which at YPG medium, it tended to increase whereas at semi synthetic medium, the pH tended to decline. Total carotenoid on YPG medium was 50.13 µg/g cell and on the semi-synthetic medium was 197.50 µg/g cell. Antioxidant activity measured by DPPH reagent showed the results at YPG medium was 50% and at semi-synthetic medium was 61%.
PEMODELAN ANOMALI GRAVITASI DENGAN PENDEKATAN BENDA BERBENTUK SILINDER Rahmanto, Dedi; Yulianto, Tony
JURNAL SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA Volume 17 Issue 3 Year 2009
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Abstract

ABSTRACT---A  gravity  anomalies  modeling  program    has  been  made  with  the  approximation  of  cylinder shaped body  for  the case of  N anomalous bodies. This program  is named DRAVECT version 1.1. The modeling program was executed by Microsoft Visual Basic   6.0   programming language.The program was made by identifying gravity problems. Input and output data that be identified from gravity parameters, dimension and position parameters of anomalous bodies. The gravity   anomalies were calculated by  inserting synthetic data  to the  modeling  program.  The  anomaly  profiles  3  D  were  displayed  automatically,  and  the  profiles  of  gravity anomalies 2 D were made respectively. Validation test had been done by compare program result with reference. Based  on  the  graphical  qualitative  interpretation  of  gravity    anomaly  profiles  as  the  result  of  the  conducted modeling, it was obtained the characteristics of gravity anomaly of cylinder shaped body. Keyword : gravity anomalies, cylinder

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