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INDONESIA
SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
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Mathematics
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Articles 169 Documents
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Correction of 2D Isodose Curve on the Sloping Surface using Tissue Air Ratio (TAR) Method Nuzula, Nurul Firdausi; Adi, Kusworo; Anam, Choirul
JURNAL SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA Volume 23 Issue 3 Year 2015
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Abstract

The curve of 2D isodose is used to determine the dose distribution in patient treated by radiotherapy. Therefore, isodose curve is very useful for planning and evaluating of the dose received by the patient. Correction of 2D isodose curve for sloping surface is very important due to the skin of patient is not flat. In this study, the correction of isodose curve was calculated using tissue air ratio (TAR) method for radiation field size of 10x10 cm2. The correction factor was obtained by comparison of TAR value for effective depth and TAR value for total depth. The correction factor then was multiplied to isodose curve for flat surface. In this study, the software for calculating the automated correction factor due to sloping of patient surface has been successfully developed. It was found that if the sloping of patient surface increases then the corrected isodose curve increases. Key wods: 2D isodose curve, tissue air ratio (TAR), correction factor, sloping patient surface.
PENGARUH PELARUT METANOL DAN PELARUT METANOL-ASAM ASETAT-AIR TERHADAP EFISIENSI DYE SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL DARI EKSTRAK BUNGA ROSELA (Hibiscus sabdariffa) Dewi, Prestysiana Ariane; Gunawan, Gunawan; Haris, Abdul
JURNAL SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA Volume 18 Issue 4 Year 2010
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Abstract

ABSTRAK---Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh pelarut metanol dan pelarut metanolasamasetat-air terhadap efisiensi Dye Sensitized Solar Cell dengan menggunakan bunga rosela (Hibiscussabdariffa) sebagai sensitizer. Konstruksi sel surya yang digunakan adalah sistem sandwich. Elektrodaperlawanan diletakkan di atas lapisan TiO2 dengan elektrolit padat berbasis gel polimer PEG terletak diantara kedua elektroda tersebut. Karakterisasi sel surya dilakukan dengan analisis serapan elektronik padabunga rosela, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), difraksi sinar X, dan pengukuran arus-tegangan selsurya. Panjang gelombang maksimum ekstrak bunga rosela dari hasil maserasi dengan pelarut metanolsebesar 508,5 nm sedangkan untuk ekstrak rosela hasil maserasi dengan pelarut campuran metanol-asamasetat-air sebesar 524,5 nm. Morfologi permukaan TiO2 pada perbesaran 10000x menunjukkan permukaanTiO2 yang beronggga-rongga dengan ukuran berkisar 69,56-347,82 nm, dan penampang lintangmenunjukkan ketebalan 39,05 μm. Pada difraktrogram lapis tipis TiO2 menunjukkan intensitas pola difraksicukup tinggi dengan puncak utama pada 2 yaitu 29,57 dengan jarak antar bidang (d) sebesar 3,5074 Å. Efisiensi yang dihasilkan untuk sistem sel surya dengan menggunakan dye hasil maserasi dengan pelarutmetanol lebih besar sebesar 4,65.10-4 %, dan untuk sistem sel surya dengan menggunakan dye hasil maserasidengan pelarut metanol-asam asetat-air sebesar 3,58.10-4 %. ABSTRACT---Research on The influence of methanol and methanol-acetic acid-water solvents onefficiency of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell using rosella flower (Hibiscus sabdariffa) as sensitizer has been done.Construction of solar cell used was a sandwich system. Counter electrode was placed in the top layer of TiO2with gel-based solid polymer electrolyte PEG lied between these two electrodes. Solar cell characterizationhas been evaluated with UV-Vis spectrometer in rosella flower, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-raydiffraction, and the measurement of current-voltage solar cell. The maximum wavelength of rosella flower’sextracts by maceration with methanol was at 508,5 nm while for the rosella’s extract by maceration withsolvent mixture of methanol-acetic acid-water was at 524,5 nm. Surface morphology of TiO2 at 10000xmagnification shows the surface of TiO2 cavities with the size range of 69,56-347,82 nm, and cross sectionshowing the thickness of 39,05 μm. In the thin layer of TiO2 diffractogram shows high intensity diffractionpattern with main peaks at 2 of 29,57 with a plane spacing (d) of 3,5074 Å. Efficiency for solar cell usingdye with methanol more bigger are 4,65.10-4 % than solar cell using dye with methanol-acetic acid-water are3,58.10-4 %.Key words: Dye Sensitized Solar Cell, TiO2, rosella flower, methanol solvent, methanol-acetic acid-watersolvents
Isolasi, Karakterisasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Flavonoid dari Ekstrak Air Kulit Batang Ketapang Kencana (Terminalia muelleri Benth.) Wiwit Wulan Yuniati; Khairul Anam; Dewi Kusrini
JURNAL SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA Volume 20 Issue 3 Year 2012
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Abstract

Telah diisolasi, karakterisasi dan uji aktivitas antioksidan senyawa flavonoid dari ekstrak air kulit batang tumbuhan Ketapang Kencana (Terminalia muelleri Benth.). Identifikasi jenis flavonoid dilakukan dalam lima tahap, tahap pertama adalah preparasi serta ekstraksi sampel menggunakan metode infudasi, tahap kedua, penapisan fitokimia serbuk ekstrak air, tahap ketiga, isolasi senyawa flavonoid meliputi pemisahan menggunakan kromatografi kolom, hidrolisis asam dan ekstraksi fraksi serta uji kemurnian isolat, tahap keempat, karakterisasi dan elusidasi isolat murni flavonoid hasil isolasi secara spektroskopi menggunakan spektrometer Infra merah (IR), spektrofotometer UV-Vis dengan penambahan pereaksi geser, spektrometer 1H-NMR serta 13C-NMR dan tahap kelima yaitu uji aktivitas antioksidan isolat menggunakan metode DPPH. Isolat berupa serbuk kuning dengan rendemen 0,2% dan memiliki titik lebur 306-307,5 oC. Karakterisasi secara spektrometri menunjukkan bahwa isolat adalah Kuersetin. Uji aktivitas antioksidan isolat kuersetin memiliki nilai (IC50) 257,23 ppm.   Keywords: Terminalia muelleri Benth., flavonoid, kuersetin, DPPH
Analisis Perubahan Kurva Percentage Depth Dose (PDD) dan Dose Profile untuk Radiasi Foton 6MV pada Fantom Thoraks Prasetyo, Nur Dwi; Setiabudi, Wahyu; Anam, Choirul
JURNAL SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA Volume 20 Issue 4 Year 2012
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Abstract

The study of thickness variation of the soft tissue in the wall of thoracic phantom to the shifting of Percentage Depht Dose (PDD) curve and Dose Profile have been done by using Monte Carlo Simulation. The linac head was designed using BEAMnrc software, whereas modeling of water and thoracic phantom using DOSXYZnrc software. The field size of beam radiation 10 x10 cm2 and the distance of source to  phantom surface (SSD) 100 cm. The water phantom in cubic shape with a size  40x40x40 cm3. The thoracic phantom was designed in cubic shape, with the compositions: soft tissue, bone and lung. The thickness of the soft tissue in the wall of throcic phantom was varied 1-5 cm. This variation shows the thickness layer of the wall of the real patients. The results of comparation between monte carlo simulation and the  actual measurement, show that 6 MV photon delivered by linac at Kensaras Hospital Semarang was generated using energy electron about  5.7 MeV. The variation of soft tissue thickness change  the PDD curve and the dose profile curve. The variation of soft tissue thickness change the dose in the lung (depth 10 cm)  at about 3,84% - 5,59%   Keywords: Monte Carlo Simulation, Percentage Depht Dose (PDD), Dose profle, Tissue inhomogeneity    Telah dilakukan studi pengaruh ketebalan jaringanlunak pada fantom thoraks terhadap perubahan bentuk kurva  Percentage Depht Dose (PDD) dan Dose Profile untuk berkas foton energi 6MV menggunakan Simulasi Monte Carlo. Pembuatan model treatment head linac dilakukan menggunakan program BEAMnrc, sedang permodelan fantom air maupun fantom thoraks menggunakan DOSXYZnrc. Luas lapangan yang digunakan 10x10 cm2, dengan source to skin distance (SSD) sebesar 100 cm. Fantom air didesain berukuran 40x40x40 cm3. Fantom thoraks didesain berbentuk kubus dengan komposisi jaringan lunak, tulang, dan paru-paru. Jaringan lunak bagian depan (asterior) divariasi ketebalannya 1-5 cm. Variasi ini menggambarkan ketebalan jaringan lunak dinding thoraks pasien. Hasil perbandingan antara simulasi dan pengukuran menunjukan bahwa foton 6 MV yang dihasilkan pesawat linac RS Kensaras Semarang menggunakan energi elektron pembangkit mendekati 5,7 MeV. Variasi ketebalan jaringan lunak pada dinding fantom thoraks memberikan perubahan kurva PDD dan juga kurva profil dosis. Variasi ketebalan jaringan lunak tersebut mengubah besarnya dosis pada paru-paru (pada kedalaman 10 cm) sebesar 3,84% - 5,59% Kata kunci : Simulasi Monte Carlo, Percentage Depht Dose (PDD), Dose Profile, Inhomogenitas Jaringan.
Geographical classification of Java Tea (Orthosiphon stamineus) from Java Island by FTIR Spectroscopy Combined with Canonical Variate Analysis Mohamad Rafi; Edy Djauhari Purwakusumah; Taopik Ridwan; Baba Barus; Atang Sutandi; Latifah Kosim Darusman
JURNAL SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA Volume 23 Issue 1 Year 2015
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Abstract

FTIR spectroscopy combined with canonical variate analysis was used for differentiation of java tea (Orthosiphon stamineus) according to their geographical origin. FTIR spectra of all java tea samples were acquired in the mid infrared region (wavenumber range 4000-400 cm-1). Preprocessing signal of FTIR spectra has been carried out prior to canonical variate analysis by standard normal variate. Combination of FTIR spectra in the region 1800-900 cm-1with canonical variate analysis has the power to differentiate java tea samples in terms of geographical origin. The developed method could be used for identification of geographical origin of java tea based on the samples used in this study.
Penyelesaian Masalah Cauchy Degenerate dengan Mereduksi ke Bentuk Masalah Cauchy Nondegenerate Hariyanto, Susilo
JURNAL SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA Volume 14 issue 4 Year 2006
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Abstract

ABSTRAK---Dalam artikel ini diselidiki cara mencari penyelesaian masalah Cauchy abstrak degenerate melalui masalah Cauchy abstrak nondegenerate. Permasalahan ini dibicarakan dalam ruang Hilbert H yang dapat dinyatakan sebagai hasil tambah langsung dari Ker M dan (Ran M*)c. Selanjutnya metode ini digunakan untuk menyelesaikan limit nonrelativistik dari persamaan Dirac.Kata kunci: masalah Cauchy abstrak degenerate, masalah Cauchy abstrak nondegenerate,Persamaan Dirac.
Penyelesaian Faktorisasi Koprima dengan Algoritma Euclid dan Metode Ruang Keadaan untuk Penentuan Pengendali yang Menstabilkan Sistem Asmat, Asmat; Widowati, Widowati
JURNAL SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA Volume 20 Issue 1 Year 2012
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Abstract

Stability is the main requirement that must be met on the control system. If the plant from the control system is not stable, then the controller C can be searched so that the feedback system becomes internally stable.  Let G  be a transfer function represented by , where N, M are coprime factorization and element of family of all stable, proper, real rational function.   Functions N and M can be found by using Euclidean algorithm and the state space method. Further, we find  controller,  that satisfy, NX + MY = I, so that the feedback system is internally stable. To verify  the proposed method, numerical examples are given.   Keywords: Euclidean algorithm, coprime factorization, state space method, controller, stable
Sintesis Dan Karakterisasi Nanopartikel Fotokatalis Tio2 Dengan Doping Tembaga Dan Sulfur Serta Alikasinya Pada Degradasi Senyawa Fenol Haris, Abdul; Widodo, Didik Setiyo; Nuryanto, Rahmad
JURNAL SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA Volume 22 Issue 2 Year 2014
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Abstract

Research on synthesis of  copper and sulfur-doped TiO2 with sol-gel method has been done. The study was followed by product characterization with  XRD and  DR UV-Vis spectroscopy. Photocatalist Cu-S TiO2 has been applied in degradation of phenol initiated by energy sources. Cu-S  TiO2 synthesis was performed in one reaction step with TiCl4 as precursor, Cu(NO3)2.3H2O, and H2SO4. Calcination step follows in 450 0C within 4 hours. The method result in nanocrystallin anatase material of Cu-S TiO2 of 8.77 nm in size whose band gap of 1.9 eV decrease from former value of    3.2 eV. By the energy level, photocatalytic proces might be conducted after initiating the material with sun light exposure. Evaluation of the Cu-S TiO2 capability in degrading phenol concentration show that after initiating with  UV, visible, and sun light within 6 hours the treatment result in decreasing of phenol concentration by 84.24%, 83.74% and 66.26%, respectively.   Keywords: Synthesis, characterization, TiO2, Cu-S TiO2, phenolFC     Telah dilakukan sintesis fotokatalis TiO2 dengan doping tembaga dan sulfur dengan metode sol gel dan karakterisasinya menggunakan X-RD dan DR UV-Vis. Fotokatalis­ Cu-S TiO2 terhasil diaplikasikan pada degradasi senyawa fenol menggunakan berbagai energi foton. Sintesisi Cu-S TiO2 dilakukan dalam satu tahap reaksi menggunakan prekrusor TiCl4, Cu(NO3)2.3H2O, H2SO4 dan kalsinasi dilakukan pada suhu 450oC selama 4 jam. Dari hasil sintesis diperoleh partikel nanokristalin anatase Cu-S TiO2 dengan ukuran kristal 8,77 nm, dan menurunkan band gap TiO2 anatase dari 3,2 eV menjadi 1,9 eV sehingga dapat diaplikasikan pada sinar matahari. Dari uji fotokatalisis pada degradasi senyawa fenol  pada sinar UV, sinar tampak dan sinar matahari selama 6 jam, berturut turut diperoleh penurunan konsentrasi fenol sebesar 84,24%, 83,74% dan 66,26%.   Kata kunci : sintesis, karakterisasi, TiO2, Cu-S TiO2, fenol
MIKROANATOMI HEPAR MENCIT (Mus musculus) SETELAH PEMBERIAN KITIN PER-ORAL Isdadiyanto, Sri
JURNAL SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA Volume 17 Issue 2 Year 2009
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Abstract

ABSTRACT--The  objective of  the experiment  was determines  liver  microanatomy  and diet consumption  n  the Mus muscalus  after give of  chitin. This research  used  completely  randomized  design. There  were  fow  concentration  of chitin, 0 mg chitin per day; 1,3 mg chitin per day; 1,95  mg chitin per day; 2,6 mg chitin per day. Anova  was  used  in data  analysis  and  LSDT test  in 57o  level. The  result  of experiment indicated  that  the  chitin was  not cause alteration  on  liver microanatomy.Keywords:  chittin, Mus musculus, liver microanatomy
Anthocyanin Identification of Methanol-HCl Extract Active Fraction in Rosella (Hibiscus Sabdariffa. L) and Its Potential as Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor Pratiwi Puji Lestari; Dewi Kusrini; Khairul Anam
JURNAL SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA Volume 22 Issue 3 Year 2014
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Abstract

The active fraction of methanol-HCl extract of Roselle flower (Hibiscus sabdariffa. L) has been identified and its inhibitor xanthine oxidase potential tested. The aim of this study was to compare the inhibitory activity of xanthine oxidase from methanol-HCl extract and its fractionation results and to identify the chemical component of Roselle flower’s methanol-water active fraction which had xanthine oxidase inhibition activity. The chemical component identification of Roselle flower was preceded by extraction and fractionation. The types of chemical compound contents were identified by the spotting appearance, UV-Vis and IR spectroscopy. The quantification of chemical compound was carried out by TLC Scanner and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity was tested in vitro. From this research, it was obtained the methanol-HCl extract yield of 4%. The Roselle methanol-HCl extract has the ability to inhibit activity of xanthine oxidase (IC50) was 0.64 ppm which was preponderant than the fractionation result. The 2nd fraction was the most active to inhibit the xanthine oxidase activity compared to the 1st and 3rd fraction. The main components of 2nd fraction were isolates A (Rf 0.9) and isolates D (Rf=0.64) which were expected as the group of anthocyanin. The relative level of isolate A and D were 4.67% and 24.24% respectively.

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