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INDONESIA
JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 14108917     EISSN : 25979914     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering
urnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi (p-ISSN: 1410-8917) and e-ISSN: 2597-9914) is published by Department of Chemistry, Diponegoro University. This journal is published four times per year and publishes research, review and short communication in field of Chemistry.
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Articles 6 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 27, No 11 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 11 Year 2024" : 6 Documents clear
Extraction of Natural Colorant from Clitoria ternatea Flowers Using Conventional Solvent Extraction (CSE) and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) Techniques: Kinetic Modeling and Compound Stability Pra Cipta Buana Wahyu Mustika; Hadiyatni Rita Priyantini; Eryan Dwi Krisna; Firman Aldani; Fikrah Dian Indrawati Sawali; Moh Azhar Afandy; Mega Mustikaningrum
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 27, No 11 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 11 Year 2024
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.27.11.549-559

Abstract

The Clitoria ternatea flowers, a prevalent local commodity in Indonesia, are extensively found, particularly in the East Java region. One approach to enhance the utility and economic significance of these flowers involves isolating their active component, specifically anthocyanin. Anthocyanins have several health benefits, especially in preventing cardiovascular disease, improving vision, and being anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer. The isolation methods used in this research were conventional solvent extraction (CSE) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UEA) methods. The use of UAE has been experimentally proven to accelerate the extraction rate of bioactive compounds. This dal is caused by a driving force in the form of energy produced from bubble cavitation resulting from ultrasonic energy. The specific aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the two methods in anthocyanin isolation. The extraction stages were carried out at 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70°C operating temperatures, with an S/L ratio of 1:10, 1:15, 1:20:1:25, and 1:30 with samples conditioned in dry and wet conditions. The optimal conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction (UEA) involve dry samples with a S/L ratio of 1:30 at a temperature of 70°C with the resulting final concentration of 16.5234 g/L. This configuration ensures an efficient extraction process, completed in less than 30 minutes, thereby preventing the degradation of anthocyanins. Analysis indicates that the extraction process adheres to a second-order kinetic model with a constant (k) of 0.1039. Stability testing revealed that the first–order kinetic model accurately represents the impact of temperature on anthocyanin degradation.
Synthesis and Characterization of Reduced Graphene Oxide from Nipah Shell Charcoal (Nypa fruticans Wurmb) using Microwave Irradiation Ilma Fadlilah; Ayu Pramita; Rosita Dwityaningsih
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 27, No 11 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 11 Year 2024
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.27.11.510-514

Abstract

Graphene, an allotrope of carbon, consists of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice and holds significant potential for diverse applications. This study focuses on the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) from nipah shell charcoal (Nypa fruticans Wurmb) using a modified Hummer’s method combined with microwave irradiation, employing L-ascorbic acid as the reducing agent. The synthesized rGO was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX). The FTIR spectra revealed an aromatic C=C ring stretching vibration at 1591.47 cm-1. The XRD analysis showed characteristic rGO peaks at 2θ ~ 27.58° and 48.45°. SEM images indicated that the rGO exhibited sheet-like structures with slight wrinkling. Elemental analysis identified carbon and oxygen as the primary elements in both GO and rGO, alongside trace impurities, including N, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Zn, and S. An increase in the C/O ratio from 1.90 in GO to 2.38 in rGO confirmed the successful synthesis of reduced graphene oxide.
Chitosan-Based Coating Application to Enhance Antimicrobial and Water Vapor Barrier Properties of Industry-Manufactured Paper Akbarningrum Fatmawati; Natalia Suseno; Emma Savitri; Gloria Tifany Masui; Felia Azzahra Ivony
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 27, No 11 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 11 Year 2024
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.27.11.515-522

Abstract

Chitosan, a renowned natural polymer for its wide application, was exploited for industry paper coating solutions. This research aimed to investigate the antimicrobial and water vapor barrier of chitosan solution-coated industry-manufactured paper. The papers were obtained from a national company in Indonesia. The commercially available chitosan with three molecular weight levels (low, medium, and high) was solubilized in sodium acetate buffer and subsequently utilized as the coating solution. The other variable studied was the chitosan concentration in the coating solution, i.e., 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0% (w/w). The antimicrobial activity study was performed by testing against Gram-positive bacteria, represented by Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram-negative bacteria, represented by Escherichia coli. The low molecular weight chitosan showed the best antimicrobial activity and water vapor barrier performance. The 1 %w low molecular weight chitosan-coated paper had shown good antimicrobial activity, against both S. aureus and E. coli, with a growth reduction of > 95 %. The most effective antimicrobial activity against S. aureus was achieved by paper coated with a 1.5% solution of low molecular weight chitosan. For low molecular weight chitosan-coated paper the most effective water vapor barrier was exhibited at 1 %w chitosan concentration. Having shown the best water vapor barrier while maintaining good antimicrobial activity, the 1.0% solution of low molecular weight chitosan was appointed as the best coating solution in this research.
Sulfonation of Eugenol-Diallyl Phthalate Copolymer as Base Material of Supercapacitor Electrode Material Ngadiwiyana Ngadiwiyana; Cinta Nur Nabila; Ismiyarto Ismiyarto; Marcelinus Christwardana
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 27, No 11 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 11 Year 2024
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.27.11.523-530

Abstract

Polyeugenol is a polymer synthesized from renewable natural resources and has potential as a supercapacitor electrode material. Polyeugenol was modified by the addition of diallyl phthalate to increase structural density and thermal stability and the addition of sulfonate groups to increase ion exchange capacity and electrical conductivity. This research begins with the synthesis of eugenol-diallyl phthalate copolymer (PEGDAF) carried out by cationic polymerization using BF3O(C2H5)2 catalyst and sulfonation of eugenol-diallyl phthalate copolymer (SPEGDAF) using sulfuric acid. The synthesis of PEGDAF in the form of pink solids with a yield of 68.44%, a molecular weight of 6739.99 Daltons, and a melting point of 85°C, FTIR analysis showed that the formation of PEGDAF was characterized by the loss of vinyl groups with the absence of C=C alkene wavenumber absorption which is the wavenumber absorption of eugenol and diallyl phthalate, respectively 1640 cm-1 and 1647 cm-1 and TGA with a mass loss of 5% and 10% at 176°C and 219°C. SPEGDAF results in dark purple solids with a sulfonation degree of 17.18% and a cation exchange capacity of 0.4186 meq/g, molecular weight 8342.25 Daltons, melting point 114°C. Analysis using FTIR showed the presence of sulfonate groups with the resulting absorption peaks of 1218 cm-1 (S=O), 1065 cm-1 (S-O), and 578 cm-1 (C-S) and TGA with a mass decrease of 5% and 10% at temperatures of 169°C and 215°C. Potential test of supercapacitor electrode material with Cyclic Voltammetry and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy obtained a specific capacitance value of 3.23 × 10-3 F/g and ion conductivity of 7.58 × 10-6 S/cm.
Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Bacterial Isolates from Kaempferia galanga Leaves Rafifa Ridha; Dira Hefni; Zetryana Puteri Tachrim; Gian Primahana; Jepri Agung Priyanto; Linosefa Linosefa; Adrial Adrial; Endrinaldi Endrinaldi; Muhammad Eka Prastya
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 27, No 11 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 11 Year 2024
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.27.11.538-548

Abstract

Indonesia has a high biodiversity, which can be relied upon as a potential source of medicinal materials. One of the medicinal plants in Indonesia is Kaempferia galanga, which demonstrates various pharmacological properties, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antiangiogenic effects. However, directly extracting active compounds from plants requires a considerable amount of biomass. To address this challenge, utilizing endophytic bacteria associated with these plants presents a promising alternative. Consequently, the antibacterial activity of endophytic bacterial isolates from K. galanga leaves needs to be investigated. This study is an experimental laboratory investigation conducted in vitro. Two isolates demonstrated antibacterial activity: isolate code DR4 inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli (3 ± 0.5 mm), while isolate DR10 inhibited the growth of four bacteria: Bacillus subtilis (5 ± 0 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (1.5 ± 0.5 mm), Escherichia coli (1 ± 0 mm), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1 ± 0 mm). Disc diffusion tests using ethyl acetate extracts of isolate DR10 showed the highest antibacterial activity at a concentration of 10,000 ppm. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined to be 156.2 ppm against B. subtilis, while the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) was >625 ppm. Molecular identification showed that isolate DR 10 had 100% similarity to Bacillus sp. TS8. The active compound suspected to have antibacterial properties is pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-3-(2-methylpropyl)-, with the highest abundance.
The Synthesis and Characterization of A New Composite Material Ca-Mg-NH₄-PO₄ Dolomite-Based for Effective Multinutrient Fertilizer in Plant Growth Noni Aulia; Vica Brilliany Sanjaya; Ketut Sumada; Lilik Suprianti
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 27, No 11 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 11 Year 2024
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.27.11.531-537

Abstract

The rapid expansion of Indonesia's agricultural sector has led to a surge in fertilizer demand. Dolomite lime shows potential as a promising alternative material to enhance fertilizer quality. This study aims to synthesize and characterize a Ca-Mg-NH4-PO4 composite using dolomite as a precursor through precipitation. The synthesis was successfully achieved through several stages, beginning with dolomite preparation, dissolution in 5N phosphoric acid, and subsequent precipitation with ammonium hydroxide at pH 8, 30°C, with a stirring speed of 450 rpm. The resulting composite was analyzed using various analytical techniques to evaluate its structural, morphological, and elemental compositions. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) results indicated the formation of struvite crystals at positions 2θ = 20.828°, 30.539°, 33.234°, brushite crystals at position 2θ = 11.650°, and impurity compounds that appeared during the synthesis process. Impurities affecting crystal purity were detected but could be minimized through washing. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed a monoclinic crystal morphology with particle sizes ranging from 4.32 μm to 579 nm. X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) analysis verified the presence of Ca, Mg, NH₄, and PO₄ components in the composite. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed that the composite has P-O-C functional groups at 949 cm⁻¹, 972 cm⁻¹, and 1027 cm⁻¹, and N-H functional groups at 1466 cm⁻¹. Overall, this Ca-Mg-NH₄-PO₄ composite derived from dolomite demonstrates promising characteristics as a multi-nutrient fertilizer, offering a high-quality option to support sustainable agricultural practices.

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