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JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI

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Published by Universitas Diponegoro

ISSN : 14108917 EISSN : 25979914 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering

urnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi (p-ISSN: 1410-8917) and e-ISSN: 2597-9914) is published by Department of Chemistry, Diponegoro University. This journal is published four times per year and publishes research, review and short communication in field of Chemistry.

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Articles 796 Documents

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Synthesis of Surfactant-Modified Activated Carbon (SMAC) Above Critical Micelle Concentration as Cr(VI) Ion Adsorbent Arnelli Arnelli; Sri Guswini; Ahmad Suseno
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 25, No 5 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 5 Year 2022
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

The synthesis of surfactant-modified activated carbon (SMAC) has been widely studied. However, no research has been conducted to study SMAC concentrations higher than the critical micellar concentration. Therefore, in this study, SMAC was synthesized using anionic and cationic surfactants above CMC (Critical Micelle Concentration) and compared with SMAC below CMC and coconut husk-based activated carbon. This study aimed to determine the surface profile of SMAC and the characteristics and mechanism of metal ion adsorption by SMAC. The selected metal ions were Cr(VI) cations and NH4+ cations as a reference. SMAC was prepared by modifying coconut shell-based activated carbon with anionic surfactant SLS (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate) and cationic surfactant HDTMA-Br (Hexadecyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide). Modification of SMAC was performed by three different methods: (a) activated carbon was added gradually with SLS followed by HDTMA-Br, (b) activated carbon was added with HDTMA-Br followed by SLS, (c) activated carbon was mixed with SLS and HDTMA-Br simultaneously. All synthesized SMAC were characterized using FTIR, GSA (Gas Sorption Analyzer), and zeta potential. The FTIR analysis results showed that the synthesized SMAC comprised S=O and (CH3)3N+ groups derived from surfactants. GSA analysis revealed that SMAC has a surface area of 36.790 m2/g, and it was more stable than activated carbon according to the zeta potential result. In this study, the efficiency of SLS and HDTMA-Br in synthesizing SMAC was 99.98% and 95.85%, respectively. SMAC synthesis using method c resulted in Cr(VI) adsorption efficiency of 93.50% and NH4+ adsorption efficiency of 87.37%. In comparison, SMAC below CMC has adsorption capacities of 93.41% for Cr(VI) and 85.05% for NH4+, respectively, whereas Cr(VI) adsorption efficiency by coconut shell-based activated carbon was 99.98%.

Antibacterial Activity of Jojoba Seed residue and Its Possible Active Compound Irmanida Batubara; Arnold Patogi Siahaan; Eti Rohaeti; Ali Mahmoud Muddathir
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 25, No 6 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 6 Year 2022
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) (Link) C.K. is a shrub plant widely used in cosmetics, especially jojoba oil. The residue will remain when producing jojoba oil and become waste. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of Jojoba seed residue (JSR) and its possible active antibacterial compounds. JSR was collected from Sudan and extracted by maceration with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 70% ethanol. The antibacterial activity was determined with the microdilution method against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The 70% ethanol extract showed the value of MIC and MBC against E. coli, which was 7.8 mg/ml; meanwhile, against S. aureus was 3.9 mg/mL and 7.8 mg/mL, respectively. Fractionation of 70% ethanol extract using silica gel column chromatography with gradient elution produced ten fractions. Fraction 3 showed the MIC and MBC values in E. coli which were 3.1 mg/mL and 12 mg/ml, and in S. aureus, which were 3.1 mg/mL and 6.2 mg/mL. The fractionation continued to Fraction 3 using preparative thin layer chromatography to collect subfraction 3.2 at an Rf value of 0.76, actively based on contact autobiography against E. coli and S. aureus. Embelin was detected in Subfraction 3.2 using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) and suggested as the active antibacterial component in JSR.

Synthesis and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity of (E)-5-Benzyl-7- (3-Bromobenzylidene)-3-(3-Bromophenyl)-2-Phenyl-3,3a, 4,5,6,7-Hexahydro-2H-Pyrazolo[4,3-c]Pyridine Nelly Oscifiani; Noval Herfindo; Rahayu Rahayu; Neni Frimayanti; Adel Zamri
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 25, No 5 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 5 Year 2022
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

The tyrosinase enzyme plays an essential role in the pigmentation of human skin, fruits, and vegetables. It has been tied with several human skin diseases and post-harvest problems. Hence, the tyrosinase enzyme becomes an excellent therapeutic target to overcome these issues. This study aimed to screen tyrosinase inhibitors by synthesizing halogen-substituted pyrazolopyridine derivatives. The pyrazolopyridine compound was obtained through two stages of synthesis. First, the intermediate compound, a derivative of 3,5-bis(arylidene)-4-piperidone, was synthesized through the Cleisen-Schmidt condensation reaction of 4-piperidone and benzaldehyde derivatives. Furthermore, the intermediate compound was reacted with phenylhydrazine through a cyclocondensation reaction to produce the titled compound with an 11% yield. The chemical structure of the target compound was identified through the interpretation of UV, FTIR, NMR, and HRMS spectra. Then an in vitro assay was conducted on the tyrosinase enzyme of the fungus Agaricus bisporus by detecting the presence of dopachrome at a wavelength of 492 nm. As a result, the in vitro assay showed that the titled compound had a weak inhibitory activity, and the IC50 value was > 500 µM. Thus, the synthesized compound is considered inactive.

Silica-rich Sodalite Synthesis: The Effect of Variations in Ultrasound Treatment and Hydrothermal Temperature Sriatun Sriatun; Marta Chandra Anikke Putri; Hanifa Zakiyatul Urbach; Adi Darmawan; Widayat Widayat; Heru Susanto
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 25, No 4 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 4 Year 2022
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Silica-rich sodalite zeolite has been synthesized by ultrasound treatment and hydrothermal temperature variation. This study aimed to determine the effect of ultrasound treatment and hydrothermal temperature variations on the crystallinity, hydrophobicity, and structural properties of silica-rich sodalite zeolite. The synthesis was conducted by reacting a sodium aluminate and sodium silicate solution by varying Si/Al ratios of 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, and 90. The next step was to characterize the product. The product with the best crystallinity was used as a reference to determine the effect of ultrasound and hydrothermal temperature. The reaction gel was treated with and without ultrasound and hydrothermal using autoclave at 100, 150, and 200°C for 24 hours. The last step was the product characterization using XRD, FTIR, and GSA. The XRD showed similarity peaks at 2θ = 14.058°; 24.41°; 31.73°; 34.75°; 42.88°. The best crystallinity was silica-rich sodalite zeolite with a Si/Al ratio of 30. Meanwhile, silica-rich sodalite zeolite peaks were obtained at 2θ = 14.16°, 24.66°, 31.99°, 35.13°, and 43.39° by ultrasound treatment and hydrothermal temperature variation (100, 150, and 200°C). Ultrasound treatment revealed the presence of other peaks besides sodalite at 2θ = 19.05° and 27°, where these peaks were referred to as SAPO-56. In conclusion, the degree of crystallinity increased with increasing temperature, decreasing Si-OH/Si-O-Si showed increased hydrophobic properties. Increasing the hydrothermal temperature of 150 and 200°C with and without ultrasound treatment increased the surface area significantly to 114.137 m2/g and 160.717 m2/g, and the pore volume of sodalite with a Si/Al ratio of 30 to 0.318 cc/g and 0.274 cc/g.

Potential for Antibacterial Activity of Chitosan-Polyvinyl Alcohol Membrane Loaded with Green Grass Jelly Leaf and Moringa Leaf Extract as a Wound Dressing Nur Inayatullah; Tetty Kemala; Irma Herawati Suparto
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 25, No 4 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 4 Year 2022
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Chitosan is a natural polymer that can be used as wound dressing material; however, it has rigid and brittle properties. A combination of chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is expected to allow improvement of chitosan’s mechanical properties. Green grass jelly leaf (Cyclea barbarta M.) and moringa leaf (Moringa oleifera L.) have antibacterial compounds that can be added to the chitosan-PVA composite membrane. The purpose of the research was to develop and characterize the chitosan-PVA composite membrane with the addition of green grass jelly leaf and moringa leaf extracts to enhance the antibacterial activity of the membranes that have potential as a wound dressing. Both extracts with various composition volumes (75:25, 50:50, and 25:75) were tested for antibacterial activities against S. aureus and E. coli. Chitosan-PVA composite membrane with the volume ratios of 5:5, 6:4, and 7:3 was added with extract with the highest antibacterial activity. The composites were characterized for density, water vapor permeability, tensile strength, elongation, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscope. The most significant inhibition zone was shown by an extract ratio of 50:50 against S. aureus and E. coli, 13.00±1.17 mm and 7.00±0.17 mm, respectively. Composite membrane with the addition of extract had a larger inhibition zone against S. aureus (9.75±0.75 mm) and E. coli (7.50±0.65 mm) than without extract. Chitosan-PVA(5:5)+extract membrane showed excellent density and water vapor permeability compared to other membrane ratio compositions. Mechanically, the addition of extract decreased the tensile strength and elongation of the membranes; however, it still complied with the medical material standard criteria. The characterization for functional groups showed that chitosan-PVA+extract generated the N-H group peak with two wavenumbers expressed as overlapping amides with amines and protonated amines. The SEM analysis showed that the addition of extract was not distributed homogeneously on the membrane surface.

In Vitro Immunomodulatory Activity of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) with and without Bromelain Enzyme from Pineapple Waste (Ananas comosus (L) Merr) Gustria Ernis; Devianri M; Nurul Afiatun Hasanah; Dyah Fitriani; Doni Notriawan; Deni Agus Triawan
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 25, No 4 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 4 Year 2022
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Immunomodulators are an essential part of the prevention process for treating various diseases related to the body’s immune system. This study aimed to determine the immunomodulatory activity of virgin coconut oil (VCO) with and without the enzyme bromelain in pineapple waste extract on the proliferation of mice lymphocyte cells through an in vitro test. VCO was made using two methods: enzymatic using bromelain enzyme (VCOb) from pineapple waste with 10, 25, and 50%, and mixing method without bromelain enzyme (VCOm). The two types of VCO produced were calculated for the yield, moisture content, free fatty acids (FFA), and physicochemical properties. For immunomodulatory activity, the test solution was taken from VCOb and VCOm with a variation concentration of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL. Isolation of lymphocyte cells was obtained from the spleen organ of Swiss Webster strain mice which was performed aseptically with a ketamine-xylazine anesthetic. The lymphocyte cell proliferation test was performed using the MTT Assay, and the Optical Density was measured using a microplate reader at 550 nm. The results showed that 50% VCOb produced the highest yield and 22.22% higher than VCOm. However, the results showed that increasing bromelain enzyme concentration would increase the moisture content and free fatty acid content, but still below 0.2%. The VCOb and VCOm had immunomodulatory activity against mice lymphocyte cell proliferation. However, the immunomodulatory activity of VCO with bromelain enzyme from pineapple waste extract (VCOb) was higher than without bromelain enzyme (VCOm). The highest immunomodulatory activity was obtained at 100 µg/mL of VCOb with a percentage increase of 158.26% compared to negative controls, followed by VCOm of 100 µg/mL with a percentage increase of 137.66% compared to negative controls. The optimum dose of VCOm and VCOb for increasing the proliferation of mice lymphocyte cells has not been found.

Synthesis of Ionic Imprinted Membrane (IIM) Based on Sulfonated Polyeugenol for Selective Transport of Gold (III) Metal Ions from Motherboard Waste Muhammad Cholid Djunaidi; Fadjrin Nur Rahmayani; Khabibi khabibi
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 25, No 4 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 4 Year 2022
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Ionic imprinted membrane (IIM) was successfully synthesized using sulfonated polyeugenol, a derivative of eugenol as a functional polymer, with PVA as a base membrane and PEGDE as a crosslinker. IIM Au(III) is a membrane with an Au(III) ion template. This study aimed to determine the pH effect of a feed phase for selective transport of IIM Au(III), comparing it with a non-imprinted membrane (NIM) against Au3+ metal ions from motherboard waste. It also aimed to compare the membrane selectivity of Au3+ metal ions to Cu2+ metal ions, which are also found in motherboard waste. Gold samples were prepared using H(AuCl4) standard and leaching solutions from motherboard waste. The leaching of the motherboard used aqua regia and the assistance of a microwave to accelerate the leaching process. The optimum transport of Au3+ metal ions was when using IIM Au(III) at pH 3. This proved that the presence of a template affected IIM Au(III) to recognize Au(III) ions. IIM Au(III) showed higher selectivity than NIM, as evidenced by the percentage in the receiving phase of the Au3+ metal ions, which was more significant than the Cu2+ metal ions from the motherboard leaching solution.

Synthesis of MCM-41 Silica Mesoporous Modified with Zn Metal Samriani Samriani; Muhammad Zakir; Paulina Taba; Nursiah La Nafie; Iin Indriani
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 25, No 8 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 8 Year 2022
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.8.286-291

MCM-41 and Zn-MCM-41 were successfully synthesized using hydrothermal and impregnation methods. The synthesized silica mesoporous was confirmed by characterizing the material using XRD, SEM-EDS, and BET-BJH analyses. XRD results showed three main peaks at angles of 2θ = 2.40° (100), 3.87° (200), and 4.49° (210), which are characteristics of mesoporous materials with hexagonal structures. SEM analysis showed that the surface morphology of Zn-modified MCM-41 formed aggregates of smaller particles. The EDS results showed that the amount of Zn in MCM-41 was 1.25%. Modification with Zn metal also affected the surface area and porosity of MCM-41, where the surface area, pore volume, and pore diameter decreased. Based on the adsorption-desorption analysis of N2 gas, both materials exhibit a type IV isotherm typical for mesoporous materials with an H1 hysteresis loop.

Preparation of CoFe2O4/SiO2/Ag Magnetic Composite as Photocatalyst for Congo Red Dye and Antibacterial Potential Salni Salni; Muhammad Said; Eliza Eliza; Anggun Dita Dyah Gayatri; Poedji Loekitowati Hariani
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 25, No 7 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 7 Year 2022
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.7.235-244

This research reports the synthesized CoFe2O4/SiO2/Ag magnetic composite used as a photocatalyst to degrade Congo red dye and antibacterial agent against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The catalysts were characterized using XRD, SEM-EDS, VSM, UV-DRS, and pHpzc. The effects of photocatalyst dose (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 g/L), dye concentration (10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/L), and irradiation time (0–210 minutes) were all examined as photocatalytic degradation variables. The results showed that the CoFe2O4/SiO2/Ag composite was superparamagnetic with a saturation magnetization of 41.82 emu/g and had a band gap of 1.82 eV. The highest efficiency of decreasing the concentration of Congo red dye of 93.70% was obtained with an initial concentration of 10 mg/L, a catalyst dose of 0.5 g/L, and an irradiation time of 180 minutes. This study indicated that the composite had antibacterial properties against Gram-positive (S. aureus) and Gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria with the same MIC value of 1.25%. These results indicated that the CoFe2O4/SiO2/Ag composite has significant potential for applications in wastewater treatment.

Synthesis, Characterization of Ag2s from AgCl Waste of Argentometry Titration with Heating Temperature Variations and Its Application as a Temperature Sensor Based on Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) Gunawan Gunawan; Sarahtrinita Glikeria Like Megawati; Nor Basid Adiwibawa Prasetya; Roni Adi Wijaya
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 25, No 8 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 8 Year 2022
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.8.292-299

Synthesis of Ag2S from AgCl waste of argentometric titration with heating temperature variations as a temperature sensor has been done. This study aims to synthesize Ag2S and examine the effect of heating temperature on crystal quality and electrical characteristics as a temperature sensor based on the Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC). Ag2S synthesis was carried out by precipitation in a water bath with various heating temperatures of 40°C, 60°C, and 80°C. The success of the synthesis was confirmed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) with a typical peak of 2θ from Ag2S standard at 29.07°, 31.60°, 36.97°, 37.81°, and the highest crystallinity was obtained at a heating temperature of 60°C. Meanwhile, UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS UV-Vis) showed a band gap corresponding to Ag2S (0.9-1.05 eV). Furthermore, the Ag2S powder was made into pellets and applied as a temperature sensor. Then the resistance value and the electrical characteristics of the resulting sensor were measured. The best resistance was obtained from Ag2S synthesized at a temperature of 60°C with constant (B) and sensitivity (α) values of 2974 K and −3.35%, respectively. This indicated that Ag2S had been successfully synthesized, and the best sensor quality was obtained from Ag2S heated at a temperature of 60°C.

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