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JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 14108917     EISSN : 25979914     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering
urnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi (p-ISSN: 1410-8917) and e-ISSN: 2597-9914) is published by Department of Chemistry, Diponegoro University. This journal is published four times per year and publishes research, review and short communication in field of Chemistry.
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Articles 796 Documents
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Enhanced SOFC Cathode Performance Through Surface Modification of NdBa0.5Sr0.5Co2O5+δ Nanoparticles Adi Subardi
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 25, No 9 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 9 Year 2022
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.9.322-328

Abstract

The cathode materials fabrication with outstanding performance and stability at intermediate temperatures of 600–800℃ is required for the prospective mass production of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Infiltration is a potential method because it has proven successful in fabrication and cell performance enhancement. This study mainly focuses on the electrical conductivity and long-term reliability of cathode symmetric cells NdBa0.5Sr0.5Co2O5+δ (NBSC) fabricated by traditional solid-state reaction techniques. The electrical conductivity value of the cathode is in the range of 174–278 S.cm-1. Impedance analysis showed that the infiltration of 0.5M SDC on the NBSC cathode surface dramatically reduced the polarization resistance (Rp) between layers (cathode-electrolyte) from 3.32 Ω.cm2 to 1.82 Ω.cm2 at 600℃ or decreased by 45 % compared to NBSC cathode without 0.5M SDC infiltration. The enhanced stability of NBSC cathode specimens with 0.5M SDC infiltration (NBSC+0.5 M SDC) under SOFC operating conditions proves that samples with infiltration extend their lifetime. Compared to the NBSC cathode, the NBSC+0.5 M SDC cathode has better long-term stability with a lower RP value of 2.35 Ω.cm2. In the OPP range of 0.214-0.0027 atm at 800℃, the relatively tiny Rp value of the symmetrical cell is between 0.030 Ω.cm2 and 0.039 Ω.cm2, below the 0.15 Ω.cm2 suitable performance limit for solid oxide fuel cells.
Preparation of Biosorbent from Kapok Fruit Peel (Ceiba pentandra) for Adsorption of Lead Waste Eddy Heraldy; Novia Purnamawati; Yuniawan Hidayat; Khoirina Dwi Noegrahaningtyas; Idul Fitri Nurcahyo
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 25, No 9 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 9 Year 2022
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.9.329-337

Abstract

The preparation of biosorbent from kapok fruit peel (KBK) for lead (Pb(II)) removal was conducted mechanically by expanding the surface of the biosorbent and activating KBK with the addition of 1 M HCl for 20 minutes. The effect of activation on increasing the number of active groups and the number of pores in the biosorbent was proven by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The FTIR data showed a shift and an increase in wavenumber intensities of active adsorbent groups such as -OH and -C=O. The SEM data revealed that the morphology of the adsorbent increased in the number of pores that appeared rough and irregular. The Pb(II) adsorption treatment used a batch method at pH 2–5, contact time of 0–120 minutes, and adsorbate concentration of 10–50 ppm. The adsorption of Pb(II) ions reached optimum conditions at pH 4 and a contact time of 60 minutes, with an adsorption capacity of 6.9522 mg/g and an adsorption rate of 98.71%. Adsorption data showed that Pb(II) ions uptake to KBK biosorbent followed the Langmuir isotherm model equation and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption capacity of activated KBK is greater than that of non-activated KBK.
Effect of Infiltration Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 Against Double Perovskite Performance LaBa0.5Sr0.5Co2O5+δ as IT-SOFC Cathode Adi Subardi; Yen-Pei Fu
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 25, No 10 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 10 Year 2022
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.10.346-351

Abstract

Modifying the sample surface by infiltration technique using Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 (SDC) electrolyte has been done to increase the catalytic activity of the LaBa0.5Sr0.5Co2O5+δ (LBSC) cathode. The cathode powder structure was evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) at room temperature, and the LBSC cathode microstructure was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrical conductivity of the LBSC cathode was tested using the four-probe DC method. Symmetrical cells were tested using a potentiostat Voltalab PGZ 301 and a digital source meter Keithley 2420. LBSC powder was discovered to have a tetragonal structure (space group: P4/mmm) with lattice parameters of a = 3.86253 Å, c = 7.73438 Å, and V = 115.338 Å. From the SEM image, the LBSC cathode has homogeneous, dense, and highly porous grains. The electrical conductivity showed metallic behavior, gradually decreasing from 167 S.cm-1 at 300℃ to 105 S.cm-1 at 800℃. A significant increase in current density (io) of 275% occurred at 800℃ from 154.10 mA.cm−2 (pure LBSC) to 577.86 mA.cm−2 (LBSC+0.5M SDC). The activation energy value (Ea) of symmetrical cells was determined using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), low-field (LF), and high-field (HF) techniques. The activation energy of the LBSC+0.5 M SDC specimen was 47.9 kJ mol-1 or 79.4% lower than the activation energy of the LBSC cathode specimen without infiltration at atmospheric pressure of 0.03 atm. These results indicate that SDC infiltration of the LBSC cathode can reduce the activation energy of the significant. The cathode membrane adheres quite well to the electrolyte membrane, the cathode porosity varies in the range of 1–4 µm, and the grain size is 0.1–1.5 µm.
Optimization and characterization of biodegradable film based on glutinous flour/glycerol/chitosan/ZnO using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) - Central Composite Design (CCD) Aulia Beta Safira; Aprilina Purbasari
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 25, No 10 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 10 Year 2022
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.10.368-381

Abstract

Starch-based films are considered more competitive than petroleum because they are renewable, environmentally friendly, and easily degraded. The film in this study was fabricated from white glutinous flour, glycerol, chitosan, and ZnO through a starch gelatinization process. Chitosan content ranges from 2-4% (w/v), ZnO 4-8% of the dry weight of solid, and glycerol 15-45% of the dry weight of solids with a mass of white glutinous flour as much as 3 g was determined. Optimization and determination of running variables based on Central Composite Design. Response variables such as tensile strength, elongation, and water absorption were observed as important parameters in applying film as packaging materials. The Design Expert program recommended 2 g of chitosan: 8 % ZnO: 36.02% glycerol as the best composition in film fabrication, which aims to obtain maximum tensile strength and elongation, as well as minimum water absorption with the maximum desirability value (0.660). The predicted response values under optimal conditions by RSM were 3.68 MPa for tensile strength, 86.79% for elongation, and 268.09% for water absorption. The actual response has a tensile strength of 3.31 MPa, elongation of 83.5%, and water absorption of 320%. On average, a white glutinous flour/glycerol/chitosan/ZnO-based film required ± 45 days to degrade in the soil completely.
Screening of Secondary Metabolite Compounds of Gorontalo Traditional Medicinal Plants Using the In Silico Method as a Candidate for SARS-CoV-2 Antiviral Yuszda K. Salimi; La Ode Aman; Zaenul Wathoni; Netty Ino Ischak; Akram La Kilo; La Alio
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 25, No 10 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 10 Year 2022
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.10.382-393

Abstract

COVID-19 is a disease that caused a prolonged pandemic in many countries caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This study aims to identify the antiviral potential of secondary metabolites in Gorontalo traditional medicinal plants, which are believed to have the ability to inhibit the main protease protein of this virus. The methods used in this research were molecular docking and molecular dynamic. The main protease proteins for SARS-CoV-2 used based on the homology modeling results were 3V3M and 7TE0. The results of the active compounds in the paxlovid drug were also compared to obtain accurate data comparisons. The validation of the docking method on the 3V3M protein using the natural ligand 0EN revealed an RMSD of 0.75 Å. The RMSD value for validating the 7TE0 protein and natural ligand 4WI was 1.65 Å. The best molecular docking results were obtained using physalin F with a binding affinity of −10.3 kcal/mol for the 3V3M protein and physalin J with a binding affinity of −8.9 kcal/mol for the 7TE0 protein. The outcomes of the molecular dynamic method on the best complexes were determined by examining the value of changes in system energy, changes in system temperature, changes in system pressure, RMSD, RMSF, and bond-free energy (ΔG) of the complex. The standard 0EN ligand had a ΔG of −26.53 kcal/mol, while the standard 4WI ligand had a ΔG of −47.16 kcal/mol. The ΔG of the 3V3M-physalin F and 3V3M-physalin J complexes were respectively −28.22 kcal/mol and −26.62 kcal/mol. The ΔG of the 7TE0-Vitexin 2”-O-gallate and 7TE0-physalin J complexes were found to be −28.08 kcal/mol and −26.62 kcal/mol, respectively. The ΔG produced in paxlovid with complexes 3V3M and 7TE0 was −19.38 kcal/mol and −25.44 kcal/mol, respectively. Physalin F, physalin J, and Vitexin 2”-O-gallate have great potential to become SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor agents. However, in terms of structural stability and binding-active residues, these three compounds do not outperform the active substance in paxlovid.
Green Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Using Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Extract and Its Antibacterial Activity for Liquid Disinfectant Cindy Agriningsih Haruna; Widy Aprillia Malik; Muhammad Yaqub Syamsul Rijal; Abdul Haris Watoni; La Ode Ahmad Nur Ramadhan
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 25, No 10 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 10 Year 2022
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.10.352-361

Abstract

The effort of copper nanoparticle exploration for antibacterial cleaning agents needs to prevent infection or contamination of microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses due to its potential characteristic as an environmentally benign material. The synthesis of copper nanoparticles using 0.02 M Cu(NO3)2 as a precursor and red dragon fruit extract as a bioreduction agent has been conducted. The extraction process of red dragon fruit was done by the maceration method using methanol as solvent. Copper nanoparticles were prepared through green chemistry with the reduction method. The compound in red dragon fruit extract reduced Cu2+ to Cu. The experimental nanoparticle synthesis method was performed with a combination of red dragon fruit extract and Cu(NO3)2 solution mixed with a volume ratio of bioreductor extract toward Cu2+ precursor variation of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, and 1:9. The mixtures were stirred using a magnetic stirrer for 30 minutes and then incubated. The samples were characterized using UV-Vis (Ultraviolet-Visible), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared), and a digital microscope to observe morphology. The observation continued to assess its antibacterial activity and potency as an active disinfectant. UV-Vis analysis showed that the absorbance value for 30 minutes tended to be stable. Particle size estimation showed the smallest size of 122.12 nm at a volume ratio of 1:9. Functional group analysis using FTIR showed a shift in wavenumber between dragon fruit extract and copper nanoparticle (CuNPs), indicating a functional group interaction. The results of morphological analysis using a digital microscope showed that the particles with fine powder granules were produced with the composition of fruit extract: Cu(NO3)2 of 1:9. Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli indicated that the composition of Cu-nanoparticles of 1:9 had given an inhibition value.
Effect of the Amount of Carbon in the Fe3O4@ZnO-C Nanocomposites on Its Structure and Magnetic Properties Astuti Astuti; Syukri Arief; Devi Pebrina
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 25, No 10 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 10 Year 2022
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.10.362-367

Abstract

Synthesis and characterization of structure magnetic properties of Fe3O4@ZnO- C nanocomposite have been done through the precipitation method. This study aimed to discover the effect of concentrations/thickness of carbon layer on crystal structure and magnetic properties of Fe3O4@ZnO-C nanocomposites. Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@ZnO were the samples used in the study, and variations in the amount of carbon were 0.2, 0.1, and 0.05 g. Nanocomposites were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Based on the results of XRD, it has been found that the crystal structure for Fe3O4 was cubic, while ZnO was hexagonal wurtzite. The addition of carbons to Fe3O4@ZnO caused a broadening of the diffraction peaks and a decrease in the degree of crystallinity. The bonds formed on Fe3O4@ZnO-C nanocomposites, i.e. Fe-O bonds indicated the formation of Fe3O4, Zn-O bonds showed the formation of ZnO and C-O, C-H, and O-H bonds revealed the presence of a carbon layer originated from glucose. The VSM results showed that the magnetic saturation decreased with increasing carbon mass. Overall, the carbon-coated nanocomposite material with a carbon mass variation of 0.2, 0.1, and 0.05 g showed superparamagnetic properties with a magnetic saturation of 18.23 emu/g, 19.33 emu/g and 22.05 emu/g, while for the coercive field of 92.29 Oe, 92.90 Oe and 89.60 Oe, respectively. Based on these characterization results, Fe3O4@ZnO-C nanocomposite materials can potentially be developed as biomedical materials, such as the materials for photothermal therapy for cancer cells.
Optimization of Cellulase Production by Aspergillus niger InaCC F506 in Solid-State Fermentation of Tofu Dreg Talisia Kresna Shih; Agustina L. N. Aminin; Nies Suci Mulyani
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 25, No 11 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 11 Year 2022
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.11.419-426

Abstract

Indonesia has a growing demand for cellulase enzymes; however, 99% of the enzymes are imported from other countries. Aspergillus niger is well recognized for using the widely accessible tofu by-product, often known as tofu dreg, as a growth medium for synthesizing cellulase enzymes. This study aims to optimize the production of cellulase enzymes by Aspergillus niger InaCC F506 using tofu dregs as a substrate through the Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) method by varying the additives. The results showed that the E fermentation system with the composition of urea 0.5%; CMC 0.5%; KH2PO4 0.2%; MgSO4.7H2O 0.2% produced the highest cellulase enzymes from the tofu dregs substrate. The highest cellulase enzyme activity was at a fraction of ammonium sulfate saturation level of 40-60%. The optimum condition of enzyme activity was observed at pH 5 with an activity of 33 x 10-4 Units/mg protein and at 30℃ with an activity of 31 x 10-4 Units/mg protein.
Effect of pH on the Synthesis of Silica Sol-Gel Tetraethylorthosilicate-Trimethylchlorosilan (TEOS-TMCS) Artha Monica Andini; Choiril Azmiyawati; Adi Darmawan
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 25, No 11 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 11 Year 2022
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.11.394-398

Abstract

Sol-gel synthesis of silica employing the co-precursor trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) and the precursor tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) was accomplished. The purpose of this investigation was to ascertain how pH affected the properties of synthetic silica. The synthesized hydrophobic silica was characterized using FTIR, TGA, and GSA to determine the effect of pH adjustment on the functional group characters, thermal properties, and pore morphology. The ratio between TEOS/TMCS was fixed at 75:25 and varied the pH (4, 6, 7, 8, and 10) and the calcination temperature (without calcination, 300℃ and 500℃). FTIR analysis showed that the number of C-H and Si-OH groups in the xerogel decreased with increasing calcination temperature. Xerogel formed at pH 6 provides the highest thermal stability among other pHs. The results from the BET analysis revealed that changes in pH directly affect the physical characteristics of the surface, making the resulting gel network less rigid and more susceptible to shrinkage of pore volume and diameter in the atmosphere. Meanwhile, in an alkaline medium, continuous condensation will occur so that the pore diameter and volume decrease. The high pore diameter and volume imply that pH 7 is ideal for preparing xerogels.
Effect of Storage of Yellow Pigment from Halophilic Bacillus clausii J1G-0%B on Antioxidant Activity Galuh Dwi Arum; Mukhammad Asy'ari; Nies Suci Mulyani
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 25, No 11 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 11 Year 2022
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.11.399-404

Abstract

Oxidative stress is a state of excess free radicals in the body, which results in increased oxidation processes in the body’s cells and causes damage. In previous studies, one way to neutralize this situation was found, namely with halophilic bacteria. Halophilic bacteria can live at a salt content of 2% to 30%. These bacteria can produce various kinds of pigments for self-defense from extreme environments, which function as immunomodulatory compounds and have antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of the yellow pigment halophilic bacteria Bacillus clausii J1G-0%B using the DPPH method showed that the effect of light and air on antioxidant activity was 17.88% inhibition in the crude extract and 14.24% inhibition at 1600 ppm. Antioxidant activity decreased by 17.13% under the influence of air, 1.89% under the influence of light, and 28.58% under the influence of air and light. FTIR analysis under the influence of air experienced a decrease in the peak of the CO carbonyl group of 1739.29 cm-1 and an increase in the alkane C-H group of 1369.52 cm-1, while under the influence of light and open conditions, the carbonyl CO group experienced an increase of 1739.50 cm-1 and 1739.46 cm-1 and the increase in alkane C-H groups 1371.41 cm-1 and 1369.53 cm- 1.

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