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JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 14108917     EISSN : 25979914     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering
urnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi (p-ISSN: 1410-8917) and e-ISSN: 2597-9914) is published by Department of Chemistry, Diponegoro University. This journal is published four times per year and publishes research, review and short communication in field of Chemistry.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 796 Documents
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Preparation of Zinc Oxide/Graphite Composite Using Solid-State Method as an Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Battery Hendri Widiyandari; Hanaiyah Parasdila; Anisa Surya Wijareni
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 25, No 7 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 7 Year 2022
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.7.245-252

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries using zinc oxide (ZnO) as anode material had a high theoretical capacity of about 987 mAh/g. Unfortunately, ZnO capacity can drop below 200 mAh/g after only a few cycles. For that reason, graphite was added in this study due to its stable theoretical capacity of around 348-374 mAh/g to maintain the stability of lithium-ion battery capacity. Zinc oxide/graphite (ZnO/Graphite) was prepared using a solid-state method, in which ZnO and graphite were mortared until homogeneous with the mass ratio of (2:1), (1:1), and (1:2). The SEM images of all samples showed the agglomerate morphology between ZnO and graphite which affect the results of the battery performance test. The final result of the ZnO/Graphite anode can be considered a continuous anode material due to the stable cycle performance obtained in the range of 219.72–371.27 mAh/g with a decreased value of 40% after 55 cycles.
Synthesis of Oil Palm Fronds Charcoal as Adsorbent to Reduce Levels of Fe (III) in Peat Water Rahmat Zikri; Evelin Natasyah; Muhdarina Muhdarina
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 25, No 8 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 8 Year 2022
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.8.300-306

Abstract

The high content of carbon compounds in palm fronds (OPF) makes them potentially useful as an adsorbent. The carbonization method was used for the adsorbent synthesis process. This process began with collecting palm frond waste and then drying and sifting the adsorbent particle. This process resulted in the escape particles with a size of 80 mesh and suspended particles with 120 mesh. Then this process continued by carbonizing the palm fronds with temperature variations starting from (400, 500, and 600°C) for 60 minutes to obtain Charcoal Oil Palm Fronts (COPF). The obtained COPF was determined for moisture and ash content and characterized using FTIR, XRD, and SEM to determine the surface, functional groups, degree of amorphism, crystallinity, and surface morphology. The adsorption efficiency of COPF was applied to the adsorption of Fe (III) in peat water under varying contact time, adsorbent mass, and peat water volume conditions. The water and ash content of COPF qualify the technical quality requirements for activated charcoal according to SNI 06-3730-1995. FTIR analysis detected the presence of vibrations of the C-O, O-H, C=O, C-C, and C-H functional groups on the COPF surface. The XRD pattern showed the existence of a semi-crystalline (002) and (100) plane structure, which is shown at scattering angles of 2θ = 22o and 42o. The surface morphology of COPF showed that as the carbonization temperature increased, the number of pores formed increased, and the pore size decreased. The best adsorption test results were obtained with a contact time of 30 minutes, an adsorbent mass of 1.00 g, and a peat water volume of 100 mL. The highest Fe adsorption efficiency was achieved by COPF 500, where the adsorbed mass was 0.054 mg. Increasing the carbonization temperature causes the water content to decrease and the ash content to increase. High water content and ash content cause a decrease in adsorption efficiency because they can cover the pores of the adsorbent.
Phenolic Compound in Garlic (Allium sativum) and Black Garlic Potency as Antigout Using Molecular Docking Approach Ayu Rahmania Lestari; Irmanida Batubara; Setyanto Tri Wahyudi; Auliya Ilmiawati
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 25, No 7 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 7 Year 2022
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.7.253-263

Abstract

Phenolics, including flavonoids, are bioactive components in garlic in relatively abundant amounts and are present 2–4 times more in black garlic. Both of these compounds are reported to have biological activity, with one of them acting as an antioxidant. However, its ability as an antigout is still not widely reported. Xanthine oxidase, adenine deaminase, guanine deaminase, purine nucleoside phosphorylase, and 5-Nucleotidase II are involved during the production of uric acid and causes gout. This study predicted the potential of the phenolic and flavonoid compounds in garlic and black garlic as antigout in inhibiting five target receptors through a molecular docking approach. Utilizing AutoDock Tools v.1.5.7 for receptor and ligand preparation, AutoDock Vina and AutoDock4 for molecular docking, and LigPlot+ and PyMOL for visualization. About 21 compounds from the phenolic and flavonoid groups were used as test ligands and 16 reference ligands (substrate and commercial). SwissADME predicted the pharmacokinetic parameters. The results showed that apigenin, morin, resveratrol, kaempferol, (+)-catechin, isorhamnetin, and (-)-epicatechin were predicted to have good interactions at each target receptor and had the potential to be developed as candidates for multi-target antigout. Based on the pharmacokinetic parameters, all these compounds had good scores in each, making them feasible to continue in vitro or in vivo trials.
Synthesis of Biodiesel from Feun Kase (Thevetia peruviana) Seed Oil Using NaOH Catalyst Jefry Presson; Yohana Ivana Kedang; Maria Lilita Guterres; Risna Erni Yati Adu; Elisabeth Korbafo; Heri Suseno
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 25, No 8 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 8 Year 2022
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.8.270-279

Abstract

The demand for biodiesel in the renewable energy sector continues to grow yearly. However, the majority of biodiesel sources currently still compete with the food sector. Feun Kase seeds contain high oil and do not compete with food, so they have prospects as a new source of biodiesel. This study aimed to find the optimal conditions for synthesizing biodiesel from Feun Kase seed oil, carried out through transesterification with four reaction variables: catalyst variation, time, temperature, and the molar ratio of oil/methanol. This study was equipped with parameter test data according to SNI (Indonesian National Standard) 7182:2015, also equipped with characterization using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) and GCMS (Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy). The highest biodiesel yield of 84.09% was obtained using optimum conditions of 1% NaOH catalyst, oil/methanol molar ratio of 1:6 at 70°C for 90 minutes of reaction. The test results of biodiesel parameters are density (851 kg/m3), smoke point (6°C), kinematic viscosity (5.35 cSt); acid number (1.08 mg KOH/gr), saponification number (159.32 mg KOH/gr), iodine number (78.62 g I2/100 g sample), flash point (165°C), and cetane number (62.86). FTIR analysis proved the presence of methyl esters with typical absorption at 1743 cm-1, 1195.87 cm-1, and 1436.97 cm-1. GCMS characterization showed that Feun Kase biodiesel was dominated by methyl oleate (53.45%), methyl palmitate (27.05%), methyl stearate (10.96%), and methyl linoleate (6.29%).
Oliveramine: An Isolated Alkaloid from Fagraea fragrans (Tembesu) Bark Dasril Basir; Jefri Liasta; Annisa Amelia; Miksusanti Miksusanti; Susilawati Susilawati
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 25, No 7 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 7 Year 2022
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.7.264-269

Abstract

This paper described the progress of phytochemical, especially alkaloids, work on Fagraea fragrans species (tembesu), Loganiaceae. A dimeric-pyridine alkaloid with molecular formula C20H20O4N2 has been successfully isolated from diethyl ether extracts from this plant’s barks. The alkaloid was explored from diethyl ether extracts using sulphuric acid (2%), then basified with ammonium hydroxide (25%) until the solution had a pH of 10.5. The later solution was extracted again with chloroform. The alkaloid residue was subjected to column chromatography and eluted with 10% acetone in chloroform. The chemical structure of the isolated dimeric-pyridine alkaloid was determined by LCMS/MS, 13C-NMR, and 1H-NMR spectroscopies. As a result, the isolated dimeric-pyridine alkaloid was closely similar to the oliveramine alkaloid, and this is also the first report about oliveramine from Fagraea fragrans (F. Fragrans).
Solvent-less Oxidation of Aromatic Alcohols Using CrO3/Al2O3 under Ultrasonic Irradiation Maulidan Firdaus; Triana Kusumaningsih; Ichsan Arifagama; Zuhdi Alqowamul Amin
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 25, No 8 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 8 Year 2022
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.8.280-285

Abstract

Alcohol oxidation plays an essential contribution to the chemical industry. Innovative green techniques, such as ultrasound irradiation, could be economically remarkable by enhancing reaction yield. In this research, the design and improvement of a new green ultrasound-assisted oxidation of alcohols procedure using CrO3 supported by Al2O3 with the addition of a small amount of t- butanol were reported. The oxidation of alcohols was also done without ultrasound irradiation to study the sonochemical effect. Based on FTIR and GC/MS analyses, the alcohols were effectively oxidized into their corresponding aldehydes in satisfactory yields (74–93%). The yield of the obtained aldehydes was increased by applying the ultrasonic irradiation technique, and no over-oxidation products were found. Overall, the innovative procedure offers several benefits, such as being easy to use, environmentally friendly, capable of improving yields, and having shorter oxidation times.
Determination of Antihistamine in Tablets Preparation by Fluorescence Quenching Method Aditya Singgih Raharjo; Asmiyenti Djaliasrin Djalil; Pri Iswati Utami
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 25, No 7 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 7 Year 2022
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.7.231-234

Abstract

The fluorescence properties of complexes of dexchlorpheniramine maleate (DXC) and erythrosine B (ERB) under buffer conditions have been observed through experiments. After the excitation was maintained at 504 nm, the emission wavelength was measured at 556 nm. The outcome demonstrated that the amount of DXC added to the mixture causes the fluorescence of erythrosine to be correspondingly quenched. This system functions best at a pH of 3.6. The research demonstrates the potential of ERB as a complexing agent for DXC quantitative analysis through complex ion formation.
Synthesis of Magnetic Chitosan Composite Beads as an Adsorbent for Removal of Organic Matter from Peat Water Uul Warosatul Ambiya; Nurlina Nurlina; Gusrizal Gusrizal
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 25, No 9 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 9 Year 2022
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.9.338-345

Abstract

Groundwater in peatlands has the potential to be utilized as a water source, but its high organic matter content presents challenges. This study aimed to improve the quality of peat water through the adsorption of organic matter using chitosan magnetic beads composite adsorbent. Magnetic chitosan beads (KMB) composite was synthesized by mixing chitosan, acetic acid, and a mixture of Fe2+/Fe3+ solution with a mole ratio of 1:2. This mixture was then dropped into a sodium hydroxide solution. In addition to KMB, magnetic composite beads containing glutaraldehyde crosslinking agent (KMBG) were also synthesized. The results of composites analysis using a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer showed typical Fe-O absorption bands at 582 cm-1 and 578 cm-1 for KMB and KMBG. The typical C=N absorption band for glutaraldehyde in KMBG appeared at 1631 cm-1. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the characteristic peaks of Fe3O4 for KMB and KMBG at 2θ = 30.2°, 35.5°, 43.2°, 57.0°, and 62.8° with an amorphous structure. The adsorption of organic matter was performed by varying the pH (2, 3, 4, and 5) of peat water and the mass of the adsorbent (50, 70, 100, 200, and 300 mg). The optimum adsorption occurred at pH 2 with an absorbent mass of 0.1 g KMB and 0.07 g KMBG. Applying KMB on peat water reduces turbidity, color, and absorbance at a wavelength of 254 nm (Aλ=254), which is better than using KMBG. These three parameters’ efficiency percentages were 44%, 78%, and 74% for KMB and 17%, 30%, and 59% for KMBG.
Fabrication of Cellulose Nanocrystal (CNCs) Based Biosorbent From Oil Palm Trunks Through Acid Hydrolysis With Sonication Assisted and Adsorption Kinetic Study Pra Cipta Buana Wahyu Mustika; Mega Mustikaningrum
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 25, No 9 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 9 Year 2022
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.9.307-315

Abstract

Developing cellulose nanocrystal (CNCs) preparation techniques is a challenge confronted by many researchers. The advantages of property remain the reason for research to be developed. To deal with this issue, it is essential to conduct research related to process optimization, particularly in the hydrolysis process, which is the primary step in forming CNCs. In this study, the effect of sonication-assisted hydrolysis time was investigated. XRD characterization showed that the CNCs formed where the first group with specific peaks indicated. The crystallinity of CNCs decreased with increasing sonication duration, indicating that sonication-assisted hydrolysis was nonselective. The crystallinity of CNCs obtained for 15, 30, and 45 min was 61.6, 55.0, and 48.4 %, respectively. For sonication duration variations of 15, 30, and 45 min, the hydration diameter of CNCs was nearly identical at 42.35 ± 27.10, 42.99 ± 29.46, and 42.63 ± 29.49 nm, respectively. Similarly, the removal of methylene blue can be achieved using CNCs bio-adsorbent. The results of percent removal of methylene blue under sonication treatment of 15, 30, and 45 min of sonication were 73.34; 73.62; 72.86 %, respectively. The adsorption rate of CNCs follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, with the adsorption values under sonication treatment of 15, 30, and 45 min were 0.075 ± 0.008; 0.166 ± 0.013; 0.078 ± 0.005 g mg-1 min-1, respectively.
Synthesis of Cardanol-Based Acetaldehyde Novolac Resin from Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) Surya Dewi Marliyana; Sayekti Wahyuningsih; Nisa Nur Hayati
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 25, No 9 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 9 Year 2022
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.9.316-321

Abstract

Polymers are currently in the limelight. Phenolic resin is one of the polymer products obtained from the polymerization process, either from natural or synthetic sources. One of the natural compounds that can be applied to polymers is cardanol. This study aimed to synthesize cardanol-based acetaldehyde novolac resin from Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL). Isolation of cardanol from CNSL was done by liquid-liquid extraction method with acetone and purified by gravity column chromatography in a mixture of n-hexane and ethyl acetate in a ratio of 9:1. HPLC analysis showed that cardanol compounds had aliphatic chains with different levels of saturation and the yield was 18.48%. The cardanol-acetaldehyde novolac resin was synthesized through a condensation polymerization reaction with a cardanol-acetaldehyde mole ratio (1:0.5), using HCl as a catalyst. FTIR and 1H-NMR analysis were employed to identify the novolac resin structure. The product was a brownish-orange solid with a yield of 12.80 mg (40%) and followed ortho-ortho substitution. Cardanol is one of the natural phenol sources that might be utilized to manufacture novolac resins.

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