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INDONESIA
JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 14108917     EISSN : 25979914     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering
urnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi (p-ISSN: 1410-8917) and e-ISSN: 2597-9914) is published by Department of Chemistry, Diponegoro University. This journal is published four times per year and publishes research, review and short communication in field of Chemistry.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 796 Documents
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Comparison of Activation Methods for Coal Ash as an Adsorbent in the Removal of Lead (Pb²⁺) from Aqueous Solution Wardhana, Budi Setya; Hanum, Farrah Fadhillah; Mufrodi, Zahrul; Febriani, Annisa Vada; Salamah, Siti
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 8 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 8 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.8.452-462

Abstract

Coal ash, also known as fly ash and bottom ash (FABA), is a byproduct of coal combustion that can be utilized as an adsorbent for removing lead (Pb2+) ions from wastewater. While previous studies have explored both unactivated and activated forms of FABA, few have directly compared their adsorption performance under identical operating conditions. This study investigates the characteristics of FABA before and after activation and evaluates its effectiveness in Pb2+ ion removal. Characterization was performed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) for chemical composition and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis for surface area and pore structure. XRF results showed that fly ash (FA) and bottom ash (BA) are dominated by Fe2O3, SiO2, and Al2O3, which contribute to the adsorption capacity. BET analysis revealed that FA has a higher specific surface area (6.377 m2/g) compared to BA (0.848 m2/g), indicating greater potential for adsorption. The adsorption performance was evaluated using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) after 60 minutes of contact time at an initial Pb2+ concentration of 100 ppm. Both FA and BA exhibited high Pb2+ removal efficiencies, reaching up to 100% under optimal conditions. Physical activation and chemical activation using neutral (H2O) and alkaline (NaOH and KOH) agents enhanced adsorption efficiency (98–100%), whereas activation with acidic agents (HCl and H2SO4) reduced it to 87–97%. These results demonstrate that FABA, particularly FA, has strong potential as an efficient and environmentally friendly adsorbent for heavy metal removal. The findings also suggest that water activation offers a simple and sustainable approach for large-scale wastewater treatment applications.
Synthesis and Characterization of Palm Shell Activated Carbon for Adsorption of Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R Nicha, Walny; M., Mohammad Wijaya; Hasri, Hasri
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 8 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 8 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.8.405-415

Abstract

This study aims to characterize activated carbon derived from palm shells treated with 10% H3PO4 and evaluate its effectiveness as an adsorbent for removing Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R (RBV5R) dye. The adsorption capacity of the activated carbon was assessed based on adsorption efficiency using a batch adsorption method. The experimental process included preparation, carbonization, chemical activation, characterization, and adsorption studies conducted using a continuous system. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis of the unactivated carbon revealed that the pores were partially obstructed by residual carbonized substances, resulting in narrower pore structures. In contrast, activation with 10% H3PO4 produced larger and cleaner pores due to the effective removal of surface residues. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of the raw carbon identified functional groups such as O–H, C=C, and C– H, while the activated carbon exhibited characteristic peaks corresponding to C=O, P–O, and P–OH groups. Surface area analysis indicated a significant increase from 2202.532 m2/g for the unactivated carbon to 5137.431 m2/g after activation. Adsorption studies demonstrated that both adsorbents achieved optimal dye removal performance at pH 3 and a contact time of 20 minutes. The unactivated carbon achieved an adsorption efficiency of 84.618% and an adsorption capacity of 6.346 mg/g, while the activated carbon exhibited identical efficiency and capacity values.
Synthesis and Characterization of Hematite (α-Fe₂O₃) Nanomaterials from Red Mud Using EDTA as Capping Agent Sitorus, Berlian; Manulang, Yunior Arta Arga; Sasri, Risya; Panjaitan, Seno D.
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 8 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 8 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.8.463-470

Abstract

Hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanomaterials, a stable phase of iron oxide, hold significant potential for diverse materials science and technology applications. In this study, red mud was employed as a low-cost precursor for synthesizing hematite nanomaterials, with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) used as a capping agent to prevent particle agglomeration. The effect of EDTA on particle size and colloidal stability was investigated by comparing three synthesis variations: (a) without EDTA (NPH-1), (b) with EDTA via the precipitation method (NPH-2), and (c) with EDTA via the hydrothermal method (NPH-3). XRD analysis confirmed the formation of crystalline hematite (α-Fe2O3) in all samples. FT-IR spectroscopy revealed absorption bands at 1624 cm−1 and 1382 cm−1, corresponding to the symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibrations of the carboxylate (COO−) group, respectively. The difference in these wavenumbers suggests monodentate coordination between the carboxyl groups of EDTA and the hematite nanoparticle surfaces. Particle size analysis indicated that the EDTA-assisted synthesis via precipitation (NPH-2) produced the smallest average particle size (149.6 nm) with a narrow size distribution, as reflected by a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.43. Furthermore, this sample demonstrated enhanced colloidal stability with a zeta potential of −34.0 mV. These findings suggest that the synthesized α-Fe2O3 nanomaterials produced with narrow particle size distribution and high colloidal stability, are promising for visible-light photocatalysis.
Toxicity and Antioxidant Activities of Indonesian Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) Peel Extracts: A Comparative Analysis Across Varieties Based on Phytochemical Content Failasufa, Adzkia; Batubara, Irmanida; Priosoeryanto, Bambang Pontjo; Ilmiawati, Auliya
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 8 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 8 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.8.416-425

Abstract

Indonesia has long been known as a tropical country rich in various local cultivars of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.), including Aceh Lebak (AL), Aceh Pelat (AP), Binjai (B), Gula Batu (GB), and Sikoneng (SK). Due to their phenolic and flavonoid compound, rambutan peel extracts have been reported to exhibit antioxidant and antiproliferative properties. Variation among cultivars suggests potential differences in bioactive compound content and biological activity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and toxicity profiles of five rambutan peel varieties and their correlation with total phenolic compound (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, and phenolic and flavonoid contents were measured by colorimetric assays. Toxicity was assessed using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Bioautography analysis using TLC-DPPH was conducted to identify antioxidant-active compounds. In this study, all rambutan peel extracts indicated the presence of flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, steroids, alkaloids, and triterpenoids. The highest extract yield was observed in Sikoneng, also with the highest TPC and TFC values. The Binjai variety exhibited strong antioxidant activity (IC50 = 4.73 ± 0.19 mg/L) and three active antioxidant spots; however, it also exhibited toxicity (LC50 = 136.27 ± 6.58 mg/L). The correlation between total phenolic or flavonoid content and the observed biological activity was not statistically significant, indicating that additional metabolites or synergistic interactions may also contribute. These findings underscore the significant impact of biodiversity on differences in compound levels and potential biological activities among rambutan peel varieties.
Development of Bioplastic Films from Cassava Peel Starch Reinforced with Banana Midrib Nanocellulose and the Effect of Sorbitol on Mechanical Strength Albarkah, Anita Maharani; Soebrata, Betty Marita; Kemala, Tetty
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 8 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 8 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.8.426-435

Abstract

Cassava peel and banana midrib, two abundant agricultural wastes, were utilized as sources of starch and cellulose to develop environmentally friendly bioplastic films. Cellulose was isolated through delignification and bleaching, followed by ultrasonication to produce nanocellulose. The obtained nanocellulose was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and a Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), which confirmed distinct cellulose functional groups, a crystallinity index of 58.7%, and an average particle size of 326.44 nm. Bioplastic films were prepared by blending cassava peel starch with banana midrib nanocellulose and varying concentrations of sorbitol as a plasticizer. The incorporation of nanocellulose increased thickness, density, and tensile strength, while reducing water absorption and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), likely due to the reinforcing effect of nanocellulose within the polymer matrix. The addition of sorbitol at different concentrations influenced the mechanical properties of the bioplastics, with the composition containing 0.89 g sorbitol exhibiting favorable tensile strength and elongation. The optimal formulation consisted of 2.85 g cassava peel starch, 0.15 g nanocellulose, and 0.89 g sorbitol, yielding a tensile strength of 2.76 MPa and an elongation of 11.19%. These findings demonstrate that incorporating sorbitol and nanocellulose significantly enhances the performance of starch-based bioplastics, highlighting their potential application in sustainable packaging materials.
Synthesis and Characterization of HDTMA-Br Modified TiO₂/ZnO/CuO Photocatalyst Composite for Photodegradation of Textile Dye (Methyl Orange) Fatika, Siti; Sutriah, Komar; Khotib, Mohammad
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 8 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 8 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.8.436-441

Abstract

Methyl orange exhibits low biodegradability and is difficult to remove from aqueous solutions. Photodegradation using photocatalysts offers an efficient and practical alternative for treating methyl orange dye waste. Among various semiconductor materials, TiO₂ and ZnO have attracted considerable attention due to their strong photocatalytic activity. However, excessive use of TiO₂ can lead to turbidity in the solution, reducing light penetration and consequently diminishing the efficiency of the photoreduction and photooxidation processes. Numerous studies have been conducted to control the structure, morphology, and porosity of TiO₂ to enhance its photocatalytic performance. One effective approach involves the incorporation of surfactants into composites, which can modify the optical properties, structure, and morphology of the material, thereby improving its ability to degrade methyl orange. In this study, the composite was synthesized using the precipitation method. The highest degradation efficiency of 44% was achieved at 50 minutes for a methyl orange concentration of 30 mg/L, with a composite ratio of 1:1:0.3 and an HDTMA-Br concentration of 2 CMC. The addition of HDTMA-Br enhanced the photocatalytic performance by reducing electron–hole recombination, resulting in a band gap energy of 2.87 eV within the visible light range (1.77–3.1 eV).

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