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JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 14108917     EISSN : 25979914     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering
urnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi (p-ISSN: 1410-8917) and e-ISSN: 2597-9914) is published by Department of Chemistry, Diponegoro University. This journal is published four times per year and publishes research, review and short communication in field of Chemistry.
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Articles 796 Documents
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Bioinformatics Studies of Flavonoid Derivatives Compound from Saga Rambat Leaves as an Antipyretic Candidate Neni Sri Gunarti; Ruswanto Ruswanto; Elsa Oktavia Angelica; Himyatul Hidayah
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 26, No 12 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 12 Year 2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.26.12.466-476

Abstract

This research is backed by the frequent use of herbal plants in the community, one of which is the saga (Abrus precatory L.), which is used to reduce body temperature in the Tirtajaya District, Karawang Regency. Saga leaves contain several secondary metabolites with potential antipyretics, one of which is flavonoids. The study aimed to determine the inhibitory activity of flavonoid compounds of saga leaves as inhibitors of COX-2 receptors and IL-1 receptors that reduce fever. The methods used were pharmacokinetic and toxicity studies, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic simulation. The outcomes of molecular docking experiments with seven flavonoid-derived compounds from saga leaves targeting cyclooxygenase-2 (4PH9) receptors revealed that isohemiphloin compounds exhibited the most favorable Gibbs free energy (ΔG) at -7.08 kcal/mol. In the case of interleukin-1 (5R85), cirsimaritin compounds displayed the lowest Gibbs free energy (ΔG) at -7.78 kcal/mol. The analysis of drug screening results indicates that the best compound adheres to four of the five Lipinski rules. Furthermore, the predictions for pharmacokinetics and toxicity are fairly good, as the best compound demonstrates a favorable pharmacokinetic profile and is determined to be non-toxic. These findings collectively suggest that the isohemiphloin compound from saga leaves may be a promising candidate for developing an antipyretic drug, particularly due to its predicted interaction with the cyclooxygenase-2 (4PH9) receptor.
Molecular Docking Approach and Enantioseparation of Hydroxychloroquine by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography using Amylose Tris (3,5-dimethyl phenyl carbamate) as the Chiral Selector Dadan Hermawan; Salsabil Rahmadina; Irmanto Irmanto; Amin Fatoni; Suwandri Suwandri; Mudasir Mudasir; Hassan Y Aboul-Enein
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 26, No 8 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 8 Year 2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.26.8.285-292

Abstract

The chiral separation of hydroxychloroquine, an antimalarial drug with one chiral center, has been predicted using molecular docking and was proven using the HPLC method. Docking utilized the PM3 semi-empirical method with specific grid coordinates (X = 19.977, Y = 20.069, and Z = 25.901) and a grid size of (X = 20, Y = 20, and Z = 60), employing a grid spacing of 1,000 Å, an exhaustiveness value of 8, and num_modes of 10. The analysis revealed the enhanced stability of R-hydroxychloroquine within the tris amylose complex, resulting in slower retention and elution rates compared to S-hydroxychloroquine. The HPLC experimental validation demonstrates resolution (Rs = 2.23), successfully achieved by employing amylose tris-based chiral columns. The mobile phase composition employed in this study consisted of acetonitrile:aquabidest: dimethylamine (47:52:1, v/v). Detection was performed at 343 nm, and the optimized HPLC method successfully quantitatively determined hydroxychloroquine in a liquid pharmaceutical sample with a percentage recovery of 98.47%.
Characterization of Degradable Plastics from Sago and Breadfruit Starch-Based with Addition of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Catalyst and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Rozanna Dewi; Novi Sylvia; Medyan Riza
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 26, No 11 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 11 Year 2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.26.11.427-436

Abstract

Degradable plastic can be used as a substitute for commercial plastic. Degradable plastic made from starch with zinc oxide (ZnO) catalyst and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has biodegradable properties. This research used sago starch, breadfruit starch, ZnO catalyst, and PVA as additives to strengthen the mechanical properties of degradable plastic. The research methodology encompassed several stages, including the preparation of sago and breadfruit starch, the synthesis of degradable plastic, and the subsequent evaluation of its characteristics. Various concentrations of ZnO and PVA catalysts (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) were employed in this study. Mechanical characteristic test for degradable plastic showed that the tensile strength test for sago starch-based plastic with 40% ZnO catalyst and PVA was 2.31–3.96 MPa, while for breadfruit starch-based degradable plastic was 2.88–3.20 MPa. FTIR analysis revealed that the compound constituents of degradable plastics exhibit hydrophilic properties and readily interact with water, making them susceptible to natural degradation in soil. Furthermore, the thermal characteristics were examined using DSC, which indicated that sago starch-based degradable plastic (with ZnO 40% and PVA 40%) exhibited a thermogram peak at a temperature of 137.15°C, while the breadfruit starch-based plastic displayed a peak at 136.97°C. In terms of water absorption, the swelling index for sago starch-based plastic ranged from 18.35% to 65.26%, whereas for breadfruit starch-based plastic, it ranged from 19.91% to 64.06%. Notably, the lowest water absorption levels were observed at a ZnO concentration of 40% and a PVA concentration of 10%. The higher the PVA concentration, the more water was absorbed due to the hydrophilic nature of PVA, but the higher the ZnO concentration, the lower the water absorption. Degradation of plastics sago and breadfruit starch occurred for 20-28 days and by ASTM D-20.96 (degradable plastics should be decomposed before 180 days). The higher the concentration of ZnO catalyst added to bioplastics, the longer the degradation time, while the higher the PVA content, the faster the degradation time.
Fabrication and Characterization of Chitosan-Polyvinyl Pyrolidone K-30 for Creatinine Transport Membranes Retno Ariadi Lusiana; Riska Nurfida Annisa; Vinsencius Guntur Pandu Marcellino; Didik Setiyo Widodo; Hasan Muhtar
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 26, No 10 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 10 Year 2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.26.10.381-390

Abstract

The investigation of membrane-based hemodialysis is an interesting study due to its efficacy in eliminating metabolic waste compounds, such as creatinine, from the body. However, not all membrane types exhibit optimal transport capabilities, necessitating modifications. In this study, we conducted modifications on chitosan (CS) membranes by incorporating polyvinyl pyrrolidone K-30 (PVP K-30) and assessing their physicochemical characteristics. The modified membrane underwent characterization and subsequent evaluation of its transport capabilities. The primary objective of this research is to design a membrane composed of chitosan and PVP K-30 with enhanced creatinine transport capabilities. The study commenced with the fabrication of CS membranes combined with CS-PVP, involving six variations of CS and PVP K-30 with volume ratios of 5:0, 4:1, 3:2, 1:1, 2:3, and 4:1. The resulting solution was then printed into a flat sheet membrane. All completed membranes underwent comprehensive characterization, including tests for functional groups using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), membrane weight and thickness, porosity, water absorption, swelling, hydrophilicity, pH resistance, and biodegradation. In the final phase, the membrane was utilized in the creatinine transport process. FTIR analysis of the CS-PVP K-30 membrane revealed O-H and N-H group spectra at wave numbers 3363.06 cm-1 and 1587.17 cm-1, indicating hydrogen bonding between the two polymers. Characterization tests demonstrated that the CS-PVP membrane exhibited increased porosity, water absorption, swelling, and hydrophilicity. In the creatinine transport test, the CS-PVP membrane demonstrated enhanced creatinine transport ability compared to the CS membrane. The highest clearance value for creatinine was observed in the CS-PVP5 membrane, with an increase in the amount of PVP K-30 correlating with an elevated creatinine clearance value. The creatinine clearance values for the CS membrane, CS-PVP1, CS-PVP2, CS-PVP3, CS-PVP4, and CS-PVP5 were 0.30, 0.36, 0.37, 0.39, 0.42, and 0.46 mg/dL, respectively.
Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Extract of Epiphytic Shrub Leaves (Ficus heteropleura Blume) on Oil Palm Plant and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial Activity Against Escherichia coli Tri Adinda Rati; Fitra Perdana; Prasetya Prasetya
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 27, No 3 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 3 Year 2024
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.27.3.101-109

Abstract

Silver nanoparticles are silver metal particles with a size of less than 100 nm. Extract of epiphytic shrub leaves (Ficus heteropleura Blume) serves as a bioreductant in producing silver nanoparticles, which are utilized for their antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli. This study aims to synthesize silver nanoparticles and assess their activity against Escherichia coli. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using the green synthesis method with Ficus heteropleura leaf extract with silver nitrate (AgNO3). AgNPs were synthesized using a 1 mM solution of AgNO3 and different concentrations (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10%) of Ficus heteropleura extract. The AgNPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, FTIR, and PSA. UV-Vis analysis revealed that AgNPs at concentrations ranging from 2% to 10% exhibited absorbance peaks within the wavelength range of 201.2–473.5 nm. FTIR analysis identified functional groups such as OH, CH, C=C, C≡C, C≡N, and CO, which played a role in reducing silver nanoparticles. The size distribution of AgNPs was determined, with AgNPs synthesized at a concentration of 6% exhibiting a size range of 1–100 nm, constituting 40.77% of the total. For AgNPs synthesized at concentrations of 8% and 10%, the percentage of nanoparticles in the 1–100 nm size range was found to be 26.845% and 1.28%, respectively. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs at concentrations of 6% and 8% against Escherichia coli demonstrated moderate effectiveness.
Smart and Green Packaging Made from Chitosan-based Biofilm with the Addition of Ginger Oil and Anthocyanins from Butterfly Pea Flower Extract (Clitoria Ternatea L) Fransisca Widhi Mahatmanti; Mohammad Alauhdin; Serafica Btari Christiyani Kusumaningrum
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 27, No 2 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 2 Year 2024
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.27.2.53-63

Abstract

A chitosan-based biofilm modified with ginger essential oil and butterfly flower extract has been made. This biofilm was tested for its potential as a raw material for smart and environmentally friendly packaging (smart and green packaging). The potential of biofilm as a packaging raw material is known from the characterization results, which include color changes at various pHs, mechanical properties, antioxidant properties, antibacterial properties, and morphological structure. The produced biofilms exhibit sensitivity to alterations in pH levels, manifesting distinct color transitions from pink and purple to green within the pH range of 1 to 12. This phenomenon arises due to adding butterfly flower extract into the biofilm, which contains anthocyanin dyes with a total concentration of 1113.3 mg/L. Adding butterfly flower extract and ginger oil contributes to an augmented biofilm thickness; however, this is accompanied by a reduction in both tensile strength and percent elongation. Concurrently, the addition of butterfly flower extract and ginger oil imparts antioxidant and antibacterial properties to the biofilm. The introduction of additional extracts enhances the antioxidant and antibacterial attributes of the biofilm. In the color and pH response assessment, the biofilm augmented with a 7.5% v/v extract exhibited a color difference value (ΔE) exceeding 5 across all assessed pH values. These findings signify the observable color variations in the biofilm due to pH fluctuations with the unaided eye. According to the outcomes of characterization and analysis, the produced biofilm holds promise as an environmentally friendly packaging solution due to its reliance on natural components and its endowed antioxidant and antibacterial properties, contributing to the prolonged preservation of packaged food items. Moreover, the biofilm demonstrates the capability to gauge the quality of food products based on their pH, which is evident through direct color alterations.
Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Kepundung Fruit Peel (Baccauera Racemose) and Their Application in Mercury Detection Using Digital Image Colorimetric Methods Irhas Anugrahadi Habibie; Apriliya Ningsih; Yogi Dian Kusuma; Riska Sukma Wardani; Dhity Rismawati; Murniati Murniati
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 27, No 4 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 4 Year 2024
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.27.4.182-188

Abstract

Mercury is a dangerous and toxic metal, thus necessitating an analytical method to ascertain its presence. Traditional methods for mercury analysis often involve costly instruments and specialized expertise. However, the Digital Image Colorimetry (DIC) method is an alternative for mercury detection due to its speed, simplicity, and cost-effectiveness. This research aims to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Kepundung fruit peel (Baccaurea racemosa) extract as a mercury detector. Baccaurea racemosa has secondary metabolite compounds that can act as natural reducing agents (bioreductors) in synthesizing silver into nanoparticles. AgNPs were optimized and characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, FTIR, PSA, and XRD instruments. Mercury detection was explained using RGB Detector and ImageJ. The research results revealed that the optimal conditions for synthesizing AgNPs involved a concentration of 1% extract and a pH of 7. The properties of the AgNPs included a maximum absorption at wavelengths of 400-450 nm, an average particle size of 122.7 nm, a face-centered cubic crystal structure, and characteristic functional groups at wavenumbers of 3453 cm-1, 1700-1600 cm-1, and 1445 cm-1. These spectral features suggested the presence of phytochemical compounds serving as bioreductants. Optimal results for mercury detection were achieved using Whatman paper no. 41 at pH 7. Mercury was detected successfully, whereas Pb2+, Na+, Mg2+, K+, Cu2+, Ca2+, Co2+, Zn2+, and Fe3+ ions were not detected. The validation test obtained a LoD of 0.099 ppm, a LoQ of 0.330 ppm, and a coefficient value (R2) of 0.997, indicating good measurement linearity. Further research can be developed to increase the sensitivity of mercury detection with lower concentrations and extend its application to environmental samples.
Utilization of Nanocellulose from Red Onion Skins as Nanofiller in Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Film Laila Rezty Hertiwi; Mukhamad Rojib Aminudin; I Gusti Made Sanjaya
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 27, No 1 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 1 Year 2024
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.27.1.14-20

Abstract

Research has been conducted to apply nanocellulose from red onion skins as a nanofiller on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) based films. It aims to determine the effect of red onion skin nanocellulose on PVA-based films in improving mechanical and biodegradation properties. Nanocellulose was produced from the skin of red onions through an acid hydrolysis process with a temperature of 45°C for 40 minutes. The resulting nanocellulose was characterized using FTIR, XRD, and SEM. Nanocellulose, with concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%, was then used as a filler in PVA-based films. The results were characterized to determine the mechanical and biodegradation properties. The nanocellulose obtained from the red onion skins in this study was 12.615 nm with a crystallinity index of 78.668%. The optimum tensile strength was achieved at 14.7573 MPa in PVA-based film filled with 20% nanocellulose extracted from red onion skins. The greatest elongation percentage of 118.3265% was observed in a PVA-based film containing 50% nanocellulose from red onion skins. Moreover, optimal biodegradation occurred in PVA films incorporating 50% nanocellulose from red onion skins, resulting in a weight loss of 12.86% over 14 days.
Physicochemical Characterization and Comparative Analysis of Ribulose 1,5 Biphosphate Carboxylase-Oxygenase Like Proteins (RLP) from Halophilic Chromohalobacter salexigens BKL 5 and Non-Halophilic Counterparts Using in Silico Approaches Irwan Sudarmanto; Wayan Tunas Artama; Muhammad Saifur Rohman
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 27, No 4 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 4 Year 2024
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.27.4.151-159

Abstract

This study is intended to analyze and compare halophilic RuBisCo-like proteins (RLP) with non-halophilic homologs using computational analysis approaches. The data used were protein sequences from NCBI and protein sequences from clonned and expressed RuBisCo-like proteins Chromohalobacter salexigens BKL 5 from our previous study. The analysis was in the form of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Square (PLS). The tools used were Origin Lab Full Version 2019 and Metaboanalyst 5.0. The parameters tested were isoelectric point (pI), negative charge (acidic amino acids), aliphatic index, and GRAVY index using the ProtParam tool from Expasy. Calculations analysis showed that the amino acid residues in halophilic RuBisCo-like proteins that differ significantly from their homologs were glutamic acid and alanine, while the variables that could be observed as differentiating were negative charge and aliphatic index. Analysis shows that some parameters obtained from the program can be used as discriminants to differentiate halophilic and non-halophilic RuBisCo-like proteins.
Banana Peel Adsorbent to Reduce the Concentration of Lead and Cadmium Metal Pollution in Landfill Leachate Sri Milawati; Adhitiyawarman Adhitiyawarman; Rossie Wiedya Nusantara
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 27, No 3 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 3 Year 2024
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.27.3.110-120

Abstract

Banana peels can be a valuable adsorbent for reducing heavy metals in water. This study investigated the effect of chemical activators on Nipah banana peel (Musa acuminata balbisiana) on their ability to reduce Pb and Cd metals in landfill leachate. Before the adsorption test, the banana peels were treated with a different chemical activator, including detergent, NaOH, KOH, and H3PO4. The results showed that H3PO4 adsorbs relatively high amounts of metals (Pb-75.800%, Cd-18.491%) in landfill leachate among these activators. FTIR analysis showed that banana peels treated with H3PO4 produced sharper carbonyl or carboxyl group peaks. These groups are very influential in the metal adsorption process. SEM-EDS analysis of the H3PO4-treated banana peels showed an increase in carbon and oxygen elements in the banana peels and changes in the pore surface that enhanced the adsorption process on Pb and Cd metals. From this study, banana peels activated with H3PO4 showed great potential to be developed into adsorbents to reduce heavy metal concentration.

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