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JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 14108917     EISSN : 25979914     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering
urnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi (p-ISSN: 1410-8917) and e-ISSN: 2597-9914) is published by Department of Chemistry, Diponegoro University. This journal is published four times per year and publishes research, review and short communication in field of Chemistry.
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Articles 796 Documents
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Polystyrene Sulfonate-Chitosan Membrane from Styrofoam Waste as The Adsorbent for Fe (III) Metals from Ex-Tin Mining Faizah Alivia Putri; Widia Widia; Addela Amelia; Robby Gus Mahardika
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 26, No 11 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 11 Year 2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.26.11.445-450

Abstract

Styrofoam waste is difficult to degrade and decompose because it is included in inorganic waste, so it will negatively impact human health and the environment. A good and efficient method for chemical modifications that can convert Styrofoam into an appropriate material is needed. The heavy metal content in pond water is considered not good if used as drinking water because the heavy metal content in some ponds exceeds the quality standard for clean water, which is not good for health. Therefore, this research utilized Styrofoam waste in the environment with chemical modification into a sulfonated polystyrene-chitosan polyelectrolyte complex membrane as a heavy metal adsorbent in wastewater from a former tin mine. The PSS-chitosan membrane composition of 10:10 shows better adsorption capabilities than that of 12:8 and 8:12 on standard Fe metal. The adsorption efficiency of the PSS-chitosan membrane on Fe metal in underground water was (39.1 ± 3.1)%.
Synthesis and Characterization of Fe-doped Hydroxyapatite/ZnO Nanocomposites Using the Coprecipitation Method from Processed Limestone Arie Hardian; Rosalinawati Dewi; Jasmansyah Jasmansyah; Dani Gustaman Syarif; Anceu Murniati
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 26, No 10 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 10 Year 2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.26.10.404-410

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is the main inorganic component that forms teeth and bones. The abundant limestone reservoir in Indonesia can be utilized as a natural resource for the green synthesis of hydroxyapatite. The objective of synthesizing Fe-doped hydroxyapatite/ZnO nanocomposites is to enhance the magnetic properties of hydroxyapatite, facilitating its utilization as a biomaterial in drug delivery systems. This application proves valuable in regulating the timing and location of active substance decay in pharmaceuticals. The coprecipitation method was employed to synthesize Fe-doped hydroxyapatite (Fe-HAp) at varying concentrations of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10% mol. Subsequently, Fe- HAp/ZnO nanocomposites were crafted with a weight ratio 4:1 through straightforward homogenization between nano Fe-HAp and nano ZnO, utilizing ethanol as a solvent. The analytical tools employed for characterization included X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). XRF analysis revealed that the Ca/P ratio in the Fe- HAp/ZnO nanocomposite decreased with increasing Fe dopant concentration, while the weight percentage of ZnO remained consistent across all nanocomposites. The XRD results demonstrated the presence of typical diffraction patterns of HAp and ZnO in the Fe-HAp/ZnO nanocomposite. However, secondary phases such as β-TCP, CaCO3, and Fe2O3 were observed in the Fe-HAp sample. The crystallite size of the Fe-HAp/ZnO nanocomposite generated in this study ranged from 29 to 38 nm. VSM characterization outcomes indicated that the substitution of Fe(III) can modify the diamagnetic properties of hydroxyapatite, rendering it ferromagnetic or superparamagnetic, depending on the dopant concentration employed.
Rosella Petal Extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.) as a Reducing Agent in Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis and Its Antibacterial Activity Dewi Dwi Purwati; Gusrizal Gusrizal; Endah Sayekti
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 26, No 10 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 10 Year 2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.26.10.411-420

Abstract

Silver nanoparticles have superior properties that attract much attention because they can increase their effectiveness and efficiency compared to their macroscopic size. Silver nanoparticles have several benefits, one of which is as an antibacterial agent. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles was carried out by reducing silver ions (Ag+) to uncharged silver (Ag0) using a reducing agent from Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. petal extract. This research aims to synthesize silver nanoparticles by studying several parameters that influence their formation, such as the pH of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. petal extract, reaction time, silver nitrate concentration, and Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. petal extract concentration. The silver nanoparticles formed were then tested for their antibacterial activity. The experimental results showed that the best synthesis was performed using Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. petal extract with pH 10, reaction time of 45 minutes, silver nitrate concentration of 1×10-4 M, and Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. petal extract concentration of 0.004%. The synthesized silver nanoparticles, examined through a transmission electron microscope, exhibited a size distribution ranging from 2 to 26 nm with an average size of 12 ± 3 nm, which was stable with a storage time of 3 months. Silver nanoparticles showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. petal extract is a promising reducing agent for producing antibacterial silver nanoparticles, showcasing its potential in this application.
Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Photocatalytic Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Photodegradation of Naphthol Blue Black Dye Jesisca Silver; Surya Lubis; Muliadi Ramli
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 26, No 9 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 9 Year 2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.26.9.363-371

Abstract

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized using water extract of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) stem with zinc acetate dihydrate as a precursor of ZnO. Chemical compounds contained in the red dragon fruit stem extract, such as phenolics, terpenoids, and steroids, acted as reducing agents, stabilizers, and capping agents. The phase structure, crystallite size, functional groups, shape, and morphology of ZnO nanoparticles were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). The XRD pattern confirmed the crystallinity of synthesized zinc oxide was in the zincite (ZnO) phase with an average crystallite size of 79.09 nm. Spectroscopy FTIR analysis showed that the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles had characteristics similar to the ZnO standard/commercial. SEM-EDX analysis revealed that the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were spherical, evenly distributed, and homogeneous particle size. The photocatalytic activity of synthesized ZnO nanoparticles was evaluated on the photodegradation of naphthol blue black (NBB) dye. The results showed that the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles have high photocatalytic activity that can degrade NBB dye up to 98.82%. This high photocatalytic activity was obtained at operating parameter conditions with the initial pH of NBB at 2, the dosage of ZnO nanoparticles at 250 mg, and the initial dye concentration at 10 ppm.
In Silico DFT (Density Functional Theory) Study of Chemosensor Selectivity of 3-Oxo-3H-Benzo[f]chromen-2-Carboxylic Acid (ABKK) on Sodium Metal Ion Using FMO (Frontier Molecular Orbital) Analysis Jamaludin Al-Anshori; Ajar Faflul Abror; Juliandri Juliandri; Agus Safari; Ace T. Hidayat
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 26, No 8 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 8 Year 2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.26.8.318-323

Abstract

The chemosensor selectivity of 3-oxo-3H-benzo[f]chromen-2-carboxylic acid (ABKK) toward Na+ metal ionhas been successfully studied in silico using FMO (Frontier Molecular Orbital) analysis method. The geometry of the ABKK structure was optimized by the DFT (Density Functional Theory) method with a function/basis set: M06/6-31G (d, p). Afterward, the electronic properties of the ABKK structure before and after binding to sodium ion were analyzed and compared with the ABKK+other metal ion structures representing valence charges 1-3 and within the constraints of the basis set used. The results of geometry optimization showed that 1ABKK+Na+ has a more positive frequency/minima than 2ABKK+Na+ with interaction energies of 145 and 200.5 kcal/mol, respectively. Ignoring the role of solvents, FMO analysis revealed that the bandgap energy of fluorophore and receptor interactions (∆E LUMO Fl-Rs 1ABKK+Na+) and (∆E HOMO Fl-Rs 2ABKK+Na+) were 0.631 and 0.336 eV, correspondingly. In addition, the bandgap energy of fluorophore/∆E Fl 1ABKK+Na+ and 2ABKK+Na+ were calculated at 4.347 and 4.362 eV. Comparing those two types of bandgap energies with the bandgap belonging to ABKK+other metal ions, the excitation, and PET (Photoinduced Electron Transfer) processes were estimated to be relatively favorable experienced by 2ABKK+Na+. Finally, the selectivity of ABKK toward sodium metal ions from the computational calculations was relatively in agreement with the laboratory experimental results.
Biosynthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Mediated by Crescentia cujete L Leaves Extract and The Photocatalytic Activities Towards Methylene Blue Demi Dama Yanti; Sintia Aprilia; Bambang Ariwahjoedi; Muhamad Allan Serunting; Hawa Purnama Celala Ary Cane
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 26, No 12 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 12 Year 2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.26.12.457-465

Abstract

ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using the precipitation method and using water extract of Crescentia cujete L leaves as a capping agent. ZnO nanoparticles with a hexagonal wurtzite structure were successfully synthesized with low production cost and environmentally friendly. According to XRD characterization, there is no impurity peak, indicating the ZnO nanoparticles have high purity and crystallinity. SEM images show the morphology of ZnO nanoparticles with semi-spherical shapes and an average size of 32.49 nm. The photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanoparticles was evaluated using a UV A lamp as a source of photonic energy toward methylene blue dye. Various irradiation times were carried out from 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, to 50 minutes, and a UV spectrophotometer was used to detect the concentration of methylene blue remains in collected samples. Increasing the irradiation times leads to increasing the photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanoparticles. At 50 minutes of exposure to a UV A lamp, the degradation percentage of methylene blue dye is 36.37%.
The Effect of Various Sterilization Methods and Volume Containers on Phytochemical Content of Methanol Extract of Phyllanthus urinaria Tri Novia Yuliana; Adhina Choiri Putri; Bambang Cahyono; Agustina L. N. Aminin
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 26, No 7 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 7 Year 2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.26.7.276-284

Abstract

Phyllanthus urinaria is an annual perennial herbal species found in tropical Asia, America, China, and the Indian Ocean islands. Phyllanthus urinaria is used in folk medicine as a cure to treat jaundice, diabetes, malaria, and liver diseases. Sterilizing the substrate is a crucial step in the fermentation process. This process ensures that the inoculated microorganism is entirely single. Autoclave sterilization is widely favored within the scientific community. In autoclaving, pressurized steam is employed to deliver heat, effectively reducing the bioactive compounds present in the substrate. Comparative studies on various sterilization methods have been reported. This study aims to investigate the effects of substrate containers in sterilization methods of the herbal plant on phenol and flavonoid compounds by LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) analysis. Three sterilization methods (pasteurization, steam, and autoclave sterilization) were each applied to the meniran herbal plant (Phyllanthus urinaria) for 15 minutes. Using the aluminum chloride colorimetric assay, the sterilization results were measured for total phenol content, the Folin-Ciocalteu test, and total flavonoid content. The LC-MS analysis showed that the methanol extract of Phyllanthus urinaria (APU) sterilized by autoclaving resulted in the most significant reduction in active phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Pasteurization, steaming, and autoclaving in a big container resulted in total flavonoid content of 1.80±0.034, 1.70±0.021, and 1.71±0.029 mg QE/g extract. The total phenolic content was 26.49±0.591, 22.77±0.230, and 22.097±0.155 mg GAE extract/g, respectively. Meanwhile, using a small container, each method produced a total flavonoid content of 1.73±0.024, 1.71±0.051, and 1.62±0.015 mg QE/g extract, respectively. The total phenolic content was 20.56±0.093, 19.79±0.295, and 20.09±0.124 mg GAE/g extract. Furthermore, the LC-MS profile revealed that APU experienced a reduction in ρ-hydroxybenzaldehyde and naringenin compounds, leading to a decrease in rutin, methyl brevifolincarboxylate, and ethyl gallate compounds. From the results of LC-MS analysis, this research determined that pasteurization using a big container is the most effective sterilization method for preserving the highest levels of total flavonoid and phenolic content in Phyllanthus urinaria while minimizing adverse effects on phytochemical compounds.
Impact of Alkaline Immersion Time on Nano-Hydroxyapatite Synthesis from Broiler Eggshells with Electrochemical Method Using Constant Direct Current (CDC) Asep Muhamad Samsudin; Tutuk Djoko Kusworo; Hana Nikma Ulya; Muhammad Akhsanil Auladi
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 26, No 11 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 11 Year 2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.26.11.421-426

Abstract

Calcium phosphate is widely used in biomaterials, especially as a bone substitute. One of the calcium phosphate compounds that is widely used is hydroxyapatite. In biomedical applications, nano-sized hydroxyapatite particles have better bioactivity than coarse crystals. Hydroxyapatite can be synthesized from various sources of calcium and phosphate. Broiler eggshells were chosen as a source of calcium in this study because they have a relatively high calcium content. The method used in the synthesis of nano-hydroxyapatite in this research is the electrochemical method. This research aims to examine the effect of varying NaOH immersion time on the size and structure of calcium phosphate particles produced using an electrochemical method made from chicken egg shells. The synthesis of nano-hydroxyapatite from chicken egg shells was carried out in 4 stages: material preparation, electrolysis, precipitate immersion, and characterization. Nanometer-sized particles can be acquired through an immersion process lasting at least four hours, and it is observed that the longer the duration of immersion, the greater the resemblance of the resulting structure to hydroxyapatite.
Investigating Phenol Transport Using Copoly(Eugenol-DVB) 8% as a Carrier with the Supported Liquid Membrane Method Agung Abadi Kiswandono; Windi Antika; Anisa Rahmawati; Rinawati Rinawati
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 26, No 10 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 10 Year 2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.26.10.372-380

Abstract

The presence of phenol in water has adverse effects on human health and the environment, as it is a toxic contaminant commonly found in industrial waste. To address this issue, studies were conducted to investigate the transport of phenol using copoly(eugenol-divinyl benzene) (Co-EDVB) 8% as a carrier on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes, employing the Supported Liquid Membrane (SLM) method. Various parameters affecting phenol transport were examined, including the pH of the source phase, concentration in the receiver phase, immersion time, carrier concentration, and transport duration. Co-EDVB 8% was synthesized through copolymerizing eugenol and 8% divinyl benzene, facilitated by the BF3O(C2H5) catalyst. The synthesized polymer was characterized using FTIR. The phenol concentration post-transportation was determined spectrophotometrically using a 4-aminoantipyrine reagent, with absorbance measured at λ = 456 nm. The findings indicate that under optimal conditions—source phase pH of 5.5, NaOH concentration of 0.1 M, immersion time of 1 hour, carrier concentration of 0.01 M, and a transportation time of 24 hours—the Co-EDVB carrier in the PTFE membrane efficiently transported phenol. Even after 24 hours of the phenol transport process, the percentage of membrane liquid loss (%ML Loss) did not significantly decrease, remaining at 8.35%. This was corroborated by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) results and FTIR characterization. In conclusion, the PTFE membrane incorporating 8% Co-EDVB as a carrier exhibits effective phenol transport, achieving a transportation efficiency of 92.10%.
Optimization and Kinetics Extraction of Natural Dyes from Henna Leaves (Lawsonia inermis L.) with Ultrasonic Assistance Achmad Qodim Syafaatullah; Dwi Setyorini; Melani Ganing; Renova Panjaitan; Ni’matul Azizah
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 26, No 9 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 9 Year 2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.26.9.324-331

Abstract

The Lawson dye contained in the leaves of Lawsonia inermis L. has a red-orange color, which can be used as a fabric dye. The solvent is ethanol because it can attract flavonoid compounds bound to Lawson. The ultrasonic-assisted extraction method is employed to enhance the extraction process by breaking down cell walls, thereby facilitating a more rapid extraction of the desired solute. This study investigated the effects of material-to-solvent ratio, ethanol concentration, and extraction time. The research results were analyzed using a UV-Visible spectrophotometer to determine the yield of Lawson extract. The Face-Centered Composite Design (FCCCD) method was applied to this study to obtain optimal analysis results and extraction conditions. The independent variables in this study were the ratio of ingredients to solvent (0.02-0.06 g/g), ethanol concentration (20-60%), and extraction time (5-15 minutes). The optimal extraction conditions were obtained at a ratio of 0.02 g/g, an ethanol concentration of 60%, and an extraction time of 15 minutes, with a predicted model yield of 15.417%. The actual yield under these conditions was found to be 15.4934%. Furthermore, the extraction kinetics model was analyzed to study and predict the optimal Lawson extraction results. Extraction kinetics calculations were carried out using first-order and second-order based on the Lagergren equation. The most suitable extraction kinetic model is second-order with a determinant coefficient value, or the value of R2 is 1, which indicates that the order kinetic model equation represents the actual conditions.

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