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JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 14108917     EISSN : 25979914     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering
urnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi (p-ISSN: 1410-8917) and e-ISSN: 2597-9914) is published by Department of Chemistry, Diponegoro University. This journal is published four times per year and publishes research, review and short communication in field of Chemistry.
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Articles 796 Documents
 69   70   71   72   73 
The Effect of Calcination Temperature on the Characteristics of CeO₂ Synthesized Using the Precipitation Method Zidan Alfian Bahtiar; Tri Windarti; Dwi Hudiyanti
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 27, No 5 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 5 Year 2024
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.27.5.226-231

Abstract

Cerium oxide (CeO2) was synthesized using the precipitation method at various calcination temperatures ranging from 500 to 700°C. Cerium(III) nitrate hexahydrate (Ce(NO)3.6H2O) was used as the precursor for cerium, while Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) acted as the morphology-directing agent. Characterization results indicated that pure CeO2 was obtained at all calcination temperature variations. Calcination temperature influences crystallinity, crystal size, and CeO2 crystal parameters. The crystallinity and crystal size of CeO2 increased with the rising calcination temperature, reaching values of 81.1–84.5% and 15.58–23.12 nm, respectively, along with larger crystal parameters as the temperature increased (a = 5.406–5.410 Å). Surface morphology showed irregular shapes of CeO2 particles, with decreasing sizes as the calcination temperature increased, ranging from 0.2-5.6 μm at 600°C to 0.12-2.9 μm at 700°C. The Ce/O ratio on the surface increased with the rising calcination temperature, reaching a range of 0.48–0.57. CeO2 obtained from calcination at 600°C exhibited the highest fluorescence emission intensity (λ= 496 nm), indicating the least oxygen vacancies presence. Therefore, for antioxidant and catalyst applications, it is preferable to calcinate CeO2 at 700°C.
Synthesis of Novel Ester-Based 5-Fluorouracil Derivatives Ayik Rosita Puspaningtyas; Ika Oktavianawati
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 27, No 8 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 8 Year 2024
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.27.8.354-362

Abstract

Fluorouracil (5-Fu, 1) is an antimetabolite cancer drug and the first-line drug of anticancer administration by WHO that has been widely used worldwide for more than 50 years. The development of 5-fluorouracil is an effort to obtain higher activity, decrease side effects, and create a specific target receptor compared to 5-fluorouracil. In this research, a series of novel 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) derivatives has been synthesized based on a benzoylation reaction (Schotten-Baumann reaction) of N1-hydroxylated 5-Fu called compound 2, 5-fluoro-1-(hydroxymethyl)-uracil. The benzoyl chloride substituents used in this research, including 3-chlorobenzoyl (4a), 2-chlorobenzoyl (4b), 3-nitrobenzoyl (4c), 4-methoxy benzoyl (4d), 4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl (4e), 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl (4f), and 4-nitrobenzoyl (4g) chloride become (4a-4f)-5Fu. This research meticulously examined the conditions (time and reaction temperature) at the second step of the synthesis reaction (esterification), ensuring the reliability of the results. The best synthesis conditions for 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, and 4g compounds were found to be reflux at 40°C for 6 hours, whereas 4e and 4f compounds reactions were performed in an ice bath for 11 and 17 hours, respectively. All product syntheses, 4a-4g compound, were purified using column chromatography and eluted using eluent hexane: acetone (6:4), and the yields of 4a-4g compounds were around 61-79%. The pure compounds were characterized using FTIR and 1HNMR spectrometer, further validating the research. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that all 5-Fu derivatives can be synthesized using the Schotten-Baumann reaction method.
A Cycloartane Triterpenoid and Steroid from The Leaves of Aglaia shawiana Merr. (Meliaceae) Ricson Pemimpin Hutagaol; Tjandrawati Mozef; Sofa Fajriah; Gian Primahana; Muhammad Eka Prasetya; Miskah Yumna; Heriansyah Rangkuti
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 27, No 7 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 7 Year 2024
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.27.7.307-315

Abstract

Natural products and their structural analogs are the main sources of pharmacotherapy. Various Aglaia species have been investigated since the 1960s for their phytochemical constituents and biological properties. This research focuses on isolating the terpenoid group from Aglaia shawiana, to provide a basis for further research to identify lead compounds for drug development. The hexane extract of Aglaia shawiana leaves was isolated using vacuum liquid chromatography and gravity column chromatography, employing solvents with varying polarities. The isolation process yielded two compounds: compound 1 and compound 2. A total of 15 mg of a pure isolate was obtained for compound 1, and 4.5 mg for compound 2. Their structures were characterized using 1D NMR (¹H, 13C, DEPT 135) and 2D NMR (HMQC, HMBC, 1H-1H COSY) and by comparing them with previously reported spectral data. It was concluded that compound 1 has the molecular formula C30H50O3, is a triterpenoid type cycloartane, and is named cycloartan-3β,29-diol-24-one, while compound 2 has the molecular formula C30H52O, is a steroid compound, and is named 23a-homostigmast-5en-3β-ol. These compounds were discovered for the first time in this species.
Synthesis of Bromo Eugenol Derivatives with Molecular Bromine Verucha Fauzia Putri; Purwantiningsih Sugita; Budi Arifin
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 27, No 6 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 6 Year 2024
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.27.6.271-277

Abstract

The bromination of eugenol using molecular bromine (Br2) has been widely reported. However, the outcomes have been inconsistent, and as a result, the specific steps of the bromination process have not been definitively established. This research aims to synthesize various derivatives of bromo eugenol, incorporating bromine atoms either in the alkene group, the aromatic ring, or both. The synthetic approaches employed include: (1) direct bromination of eugenol using 1.2, 2.4, and 3.6 equivalents (equiv) of Br2 in chloroform, (2) bromination of eugenyl benzoate with 2.4 equiv of Br2 in chloroform, and (3) debromination of the 1,2-dibromide functionality in selected bromination products using an excess of zinc in ethanol. The bromination steps of eugenol were then proposed based on the composition of the products obtained. Alkene bromination of eugenol predominated with 1.2 equiv of Br2, followed by aromatic bromination with excess Br2 (2.4 and 3.6 equiv). Aromatic substitution primarily occurred at position 6 (ortho to the hydroxyl group) and subsequently at position 5 (para to the methoxy group). Based on these results, we propose that the bromination of eugenol with Br2 proceeds initially through electrophilic addition to the alkene group, followed by electrophilic substitution on the aromatic ring. Protection of the phenol as a benzoyl ester shifted the regioselectivity of the first aromatic bromination from position 6 to 5. Furthermore, the 1,2-dibromide group has been successfully removed by zinc, resulting in derivatives containing bromine atoms only at the aromatic ring. This is by far the first comprehensive report on the bromination of eugenol with Br2 and the first one reporting the bromination of alkene as the main route of bromination with a nearly equimolar amount of Br2.
Synthesis of NiFe₂O₄ Magnetic Using Artocarpus altilis Leave Extract for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye and Antibacterial Applications Bella Safitri; Heni Yohandini; Muharni Muharni; Salni Salni; Poedji Loekitowati Hariani
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 27, No 8 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 8 Year 2024
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.27.8.371-380

Abstract

The green synthesis method is an economical and eco-friendly approach to synthesizing materials. This study effectively synthesized magnetic NiFe2O4 by Artocarpus altilis extract leave for the photocatalytic degradation of Methylene blue dye and exhibited antibacterial properties. The phytochemical compounds found in plants act as agents for reducing and stabilizing NiFe2O4. The synthesized NiFe2O4 was examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The variables in degradation include solution pH, dye concentration, catalyst dose, and irradiation time. The synthesized NiFe2O4 has a 12.4 nm crystallite size, a saturation magnetization (Ms) of 44.56 emu/g, and a band gap of 1.68 eV. The degradation efficiency of methylene blue dye was 98.2% under the following conditions: a solution pH of 10, a concentration of 10 mg/L, a dose of 0.1 g/L, and an irradiation time of 90 min. The degradation mechanism of Methylene blue dye may be accurately described by pseudo-first-order kinetics, with a kapp value of 0.0443 min-1. NiFe2O4 has high stability; after five degradation cycles, the degradation efficiency decreased by 4.45%. Additionally, NiFe2O4 demonstrates significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria.
Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Bioreductant Andong Leaf Extract (Cordyline fruticosa (L) A. Chev.) Mayang Sulistiorini; Gusrizal Gusrizal; Ajuk Sapar
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 27, No 5 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 5 Year 2024
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.27.5.243-249

Abstract

Silver nanoparticles are known to play a crucial role in various fields, prompting researchers to undertake synthesis and modification to obtain nanoscale particles. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using a green synthesis-based chemical method with an extract from Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A. Chev. This study aims to determine the optimum conditions, including pH parameters, reaction time, and concentration, and assess the silver nanoparticles’ stability and characteristics. The research findings revealed that the optimal conditions for synthesizing silver nanoparticles were an extract pH of 11, a reaction time of 60 minutes, a AgNO3 concentration of 1.5 x 10-4 M, and an extract concentration of 0.008%. Characterization showed that silver nanoparticles were spherical, ranging from 5 to 20 nm and had an average hydrodynamic size distribution of 100.8 nm. In conclusion, leaf extract of Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A. Chev. can be utilized as a bioreductant and stabilizing agent, as indicated by stability test results, which showed considerable stability over a storage period of three months.
Photodegradation of Methylene Blue Dye Using BiVO₄/g-C₃N₄ Composites under Visible Light Irradiation Anung Riapanitra; Tien Setyaningtyas; Ghinatanitha Haqqu Haryadinaru
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 27, No 8 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 8 Year 2024
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.27.8.363-370

Abstract

This study evaluates the degradation of methylene blue through photocatalysis using BiVO4/g-C3N4 material with the help of visible light. Material characterization was conducted using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy data. The characterization results show that the crystal structure of BiVO4/g-C3N4 is a heterojunction between monoclinic BiVO4 and hexagonal g-C3N4, with a crystal size of about 10.16 nm and a band gap energy value of about 2.16 eV. The morphology formed is a combination of sheet and rod-like. This study optimized the photocatalytic activity of the composite by analyzing the variation of g-C3N4 concentration, degradation time, and methylene blue pH. The results show that the BiVO4/g-C3N4 sample has optimal photocatalytic and adsorption properties in sample B (1:3) with pH 7 and a degradation time of 150 minutes. Under these conditions, the BiVO4/g-C3N4 composite successfully degraded methylene blue by 94.14%. The rate kinetics of the photocatalytic reaction followed first order, with *OH species playing the most role in the degradation mechanism. These findings highlight the potential of BiVO4/g-C3N4 as an effective photocatalyst material for organic pollutant degradation applications, offering a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment.
QSAR, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamic of Novel Coumarin Derivatives as α-Glucosidase Inhibitor Mutista Hafshah; Irvan Maulana Firdaus; Ika Nur Fitriani; Lutfiah Rahmawati
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 27, No 7 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 7 Year 2024
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.27.7.316-327

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder posing a significant health risk. Effective treatments are continually sought. Coumarin derivatives with oxime ester groups have shown potential as antidiabetic agents by inhibiting the α-glucosidase enzyme, a key player in glycoprotein metabolism and postprandial hyperglycemia control. This makes lysosomal α-glucosidase a promising therapeutic target. A study used 28 coumarin derivatives with known α-glucosidase inhibitory IC50 values for computer-assisted drug design (CADD) through quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis, yielding a statistically robust equation for guiding new compound development. Subsequently, eleven new coumarin derivatives with oxime ester groups were synthesized, showing enhanced α-glucosidase inhibitory activity compared to the initial set. Molecular docking assays indicated that compounds 32, 37, 38, and 39 had lower free energy values than the native ligand, suggesting higher stability in target protein interactions. Notably, compound 38 had the lowest free energy (-8.351) and demonstrated lower root mean square deviation (RMSD) and root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) than the original ligand, indicating greater stability. The QSAR equation derived is:Log IC50 = 2.886 - 0.054 (LUMO) + 0.073 (μ) – 0.148 (α) – 0.046 (RD) + 0.046 (BM) + 0.001 (Vvdw) – 0.421 (qC2) + 1.138 (qC8) – 0.092 (qC9) + 2.61 (qC10) + 1.354 (qN1) (Eq 1) n=28; R=0.918; R2=0.843; SD=0.196; F hit/F tab=3.169; Sig =<0.01; PRESS = 1.376.Compound 38’s SMILES notation is:C\C(=N/OC(=O)\C=C/C1=CC=C(Br)C=C1)C1=CC2=CC(O)=C(CC(O)=O)C=C2OC1=O).
Antibacterial Properties of Bacterial Cellulose-Quercetin Composite Membrane Riza Apriani; Asman Sadino; Astri Senania; Zahara Oetari; Gania Ningsih Noer Fajrianti
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 27, No 6 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 6 Year 2024
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.27.6.278-283

Abstract

Bacterial cellulose has been thoroughly explored as a biomaterial for various applications due to its intrinsic mechanical, physical, and biological features. Its structural characteristics provide ideal conditions for developing composite, expanding its range of applications even further. The current study aims to synthesize quercetin-loaded bacterial cellulose composite as a potential wound dressing by utilizing the antibacterial activity of quercetin and the unique characteristics of bacterial cellulose. The produced bacterial cellulose was ex-situ modified with quercetin. The composite was characterized for its functional group by FTIR, its morphology by FE-SEM, and its antibacterial activity was evaluated against Gram-positive S. aureus and Gram-negative E. coli through the disc diffusion method. Characterization analyses confirmed the successful impregnation of quercetin into the BC matrix. The antibacterial activity of BC-Quercetin showed moderate activity, both against S. aureus and E. coli. Determining the loading dose of quercetin into bacterial cellulose is a gap for conducting future research. However, this study indicates that combining bacterial cellulose with quercetin could provide a base for developing promising alternatives for the conventional dressing system in wound healing.
The Potency of Adenostemma platyphyllum as Antimelanogenic Agent: In-vitro and In-silico Studies Lutfia Mutmainnah; Irmanida Batubara; Auliya Ilmiawati
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 27, No 5 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 5 Year 2024
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.27.5.232-242

Abstract

Melanin is a crucial amino acid in determining human skin and hair pigmentation. Excessive melanin production can lead to hyperpigmentation and darkening of the skin. This study aims to assess the capability of Adenostemma platyphyllum as a tyrosinase enzyme inhibitor. It predicts its anti-melanogenic activity through molecular docking with proteins involved in the melanogenesis process. The in-vitro approach was conducted by determining the tyrosinase enzyme inhibition capacity, while the in-silico approach involved ligand binding to target proteins from melanogenesis pathways. The highest tyrosinase inhibition capacity was observed in the ethanol extract, with values of 9.74 Kojic Acid Equivalent (KAE)/g extract (L-tyrosine) and 17.91 (KAE)/g extract (L-DOPA). Molecular docking analysis showed that the binding of eriodictyol 7-O-sophoroside (ΔG = -9.7 kcal/mol) has the best energy affinity for the PKC-β protein, genistein (ΔG = -7.5 kcal/mol) for the tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TYRP1) protein, eriodictyol 7-O-sophoroside (ΔG = -10.2 kcal/mol) for the cGMP protein, vincosamide (ΔG = -7.2 kcal/mol) for the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) protein, and dicaffeoylquinic acid (ΔG = -7.4 kcal/mol) for the β-catenin protein. Based on a comparison of in-vitro and in-silico studies, melanogenesis inhibition is more potent in the PKC-β and cGMP pathways than direct tyrosinase inhibition because they exhibit lower binding energy.

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