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JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 14108917     EISSN : 25979914     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering
urnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi (p-ISSN: 1410-8917) and e-ISSN: 2597-9914) is published by Department of Chemistry, Diponegoro University. This journal is published four times per year and publishes research, review and short communication in field of Chemistry.
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Articles 850 Documents
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The Employment of ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy for Quantification of Turpentine in Cajuput Oil Klarisa Sabila; Mazaya Amajida; Hisbullah Hisbullah; Syaifullah Muhammad; Hesti Meilina
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 9 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 9 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.9.512-521

Abstract

Cajuput oil is widely used for its therapeutic properties; however, its high economic value makes it vulnerable to adulteration with cheaper solvents, such as turpentine. This study employed ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometric methods to qualitatively classify and quantitatively predict turpentine adulteration in cajuput oil. Cajuput oil samples were adulterated with turpentine at concentrations ranging from 0% to 10% (v/v) in 0.5% increments and analyzed in the mid-infrared region (4000–400 cm−1). Spectral pretreatments, including multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), smoothing, baseline correction, second derivative, and standard normal variate (SNV), were applied prior to chemometrics analysis. FTIR spectra revealed the appearance of C=C stretching bands at 1647 and 1508 cm−1 only in the adulterated samples. In contrast, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with SNV and MSC pretreatments provided clear clustering of samples according to turpentine concentration, with cumulative variances reaching up to 90%. Partial Least Squares (PLS) using MSC, smoothing, baseline correction, and SNV pretreatments yielded excellent calibration and cross-validation performance, with R2 values of 0.98–0.99, and low SEC/SECV and RMSEC/RMSECV values. These results demonstrate that ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with appropriate chemometric pretreatments offers a rapid, solvent-free, and reliable approach for authentication and quality control of cajuput oil adulterated with turpentine.
Comparative Docking of Laccase Enzyme Isoforms on Quinolone Pollutants Hanzhola Gusman Riyanto; Nur'aini Nur'aini
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 29, No 3 (2026): Volume 29 Issue 3 Year 2026
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.29.3.178-185

Abstract

A molecular study employed molecular docking simulations to investigate potential interactions between the laccase enzyme and the quinolone compound. Quinolones, a class of synthetic antimicrobial agents that are also environmental pollutants, were tested for their interactions with the laccase enzyme, known for degrading various organic compounds. This study investigated the binding affinity and stability of the laccase-quinolone complex, with and without water, using both rigid and flexible docking methods. The docking result suggests feasible recognition/binding of quinolones by the laccase active site regions, with binding energies ranging from −6.879 to −8.633 kcal·mol−1 in the absence of water and from −5.543 to −6.547 kcal·mol−1 in the presence of water. The RMSD values for the laccase-quinolone complex varied between 0.7519 and 1.655, indicating a stable interaction, particularly with nalidixic acid as the ligand. A comparison study was conducted with other laccase enzymes, implying valuable insight into the potential use of T. hirsuta laccase for quinolone degradation, offering a promising biotechnological approach for environmental applications. The MD simulations also demonstrated similar results, which enzyme-quinolone complex had a comparatively low RMSF, indicating that the laccase enzyme facilitated the degradation of the quinolone.
Chemical Quality Analysis and Antibacterial Properties of Eco-enzyme Derivative Products as Liquid Organic Fertilizers and Natural Disinfectants Najla Lubis; Rizki Damayanti; Sheila Wardani
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 10 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 10 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.10.553-559

Abstract

Bioz Nutrition is the product of second-stage fermentation of eco-enzyme (EE) or Garbage Enzyme (GE) for 21 days with the addition of specific organic materials. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of Bioz in enhancing plant nutrient content and exhibiting antibacterial activity as a natural disinfectant. Two types of Bioz, coded Bioz1-n and Bioz2-n, were produced through a process involving four main stages: the production of EE from pineapple and orange waste via anaerobic fermentation for 100 days; the production of Bioz through further fermentation of EE for 21 days with added organic materials; analysis of the chemical composition (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and pH) and evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activities; and testing against S. aureus (Gram-positive) and E. coli (Gram-negative) using the disc diffusion method. Chemical analyses were conducted using the Kjeldahl method (N), UV-Vis spectrophotometry (P and organic carbon), atomic absorption spectrophotometry (K), and a pH meter. Antibacterial and antifungal activities were tested at various dilution ratios of EE to water (1:0, 1:10, 1:50, and 1:100). The results showed that second-stage fermentation improved the nutritional content of Bioz and that a 1:10 dilution (Bioz1-1 and Bioz2-1) was the most effective in inhibiting bacterial growth, indicating its potential as a natural disinfectant. This process provides a sustainable approach to utilizing agricultural waste, adding economic value while supporting environmentally friendly agricultural and household applications.
Effect of Al₂O₃–SiO₂ Composites on the Breakdown Voltage and Physicochemical Properties of Palm-Based Transformer Oil Athala Kevin B. G. Maturbongs; Zainal Alim Mas'ud; Mohammad Khotib; Roza Indra Laksmana
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 9 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 9 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.9.471-480

Abstract

Mineral oil is a type of transformer oil commonly used as a coolant and electrical insulator, playing a vital role in transformer performance. However, its low biodegradability and environmental toxicity have prompted research into alternative materials. Palm oil has emerged as a promising substitute due to its biodegradability, favorable electrical properties, and abundance. This study aims to evaluate the effect of Al₂O₃–SiO₂ particles on the breakdown voltage (BDV) of palm oil as transformer oil. The particles were synthesized using the sol-gel method and characterized by FTIR, XRD, PSA, and SEM. They were then dispersed into palm oil at a concentration of 0.5 g/L. The BDV performance of Al₂O₃–SiO₂ was compared with that of single-component particles (Al₂O₃ and SiO₂) to assess their differences. In addition to BDV, other parameters—including color scale, total acid number, density, kinematic viscosity, and functional groups—were analyzed and compared to the quality standards specified in ASTM D6871-17 and IEC 62270:2018. The results showed that Al₂O₃–SiO₂ particles yielded higher BDV, moisture content, density, and viscosity, but a lower acid number in palm oil compared to single-component particles. Overall, palm oil with dispersed particles met the required quality standards for use as transformer oil.
Optimizing Maceration Extraction of Myristicin and Methyl Eugenol from Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.): An RSM Box–Behnken Approach Dewi Murniati; Irmanida Batubara; Utami Dyah Syafitri; Deden Saprudin; Budi Riza Putra
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 29, No 3 (2026): Volume 29 Issue 3 Year 2026
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.29.3.217-226

Abstract

Myristicin is the key marker of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) quality, while methyl eugenol is an undesirable compound requiring strict monitoring. This study aimed to optimize the extraction conditions of these compounds from nutmeg seeds and mace as a pretreatment step prior to electrochemical quantification. Optimization was performed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Box–Behnken Design (BBD), considering extraction time (h), ethanol concentration (%), and the sample-to-solvent ratio (g/mL) as independent variables. The analytes were quantified by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and the experimental data were modeled using Design Expert software. Regression models indicated that ethanol concentration and solvent volume significantly influenced extraction yields, while extraction time had a statistically minimal effect (p-values > 0.05, small effect sizes). Nevertheless, practical differences were observed between matrices: nutmeg seeds reached optimal extraction within 2 hours, whereas mace required 17 hours, likely due to its higher essential oil content and fibrous structure, which slows diffusion kinetics. Thus, although time effects were not statistically significant, extended extraction was practically preferred for mace to ensure adequate recovery. Response definitions were specified as follows: Y1 = myristicin concentration (mg/mL), Y2 = methyl eugenol concentration (mg/mL), and % extraction yield. The optimal extraction conditions were achieved with 90% ethanol and 50 mL solvent, maximizing analyte detectability while maintaining reproducibility across seed and mace extracts. These optimized ethanolic matrices are compatible with subsequent electrochemical quantification, given their aqueous/ethanolic composition and anticipated sensitivity of electrochemical detection.
Effect of Carbonization Step on Surface Character of Activated Carbon from Cassava Peels and Its Simple Application for BTEX Adsorption Cucun Alep Riyanto; Alvama Pattiserlihun; Blessy Yemima Andiani; Ezra Kurniawan; Fahmi Puteri Perdani; Marcelino Kelpitna
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 9 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 9 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.9.522-528

Abstract

Activated carbon is obtained from biomass waste because it is cheaper and renewable from an environmental perspective. In cassava peel biomass waste, it is necessary to study the effect of the carbonization stage on the surface character and pore distribution of the activated carbon obtained. In this research, the study of the impact of the carbonization stage is continued with the application of adsorption to volatile compounds, specifically benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX). This study conducted carbonization at 400°C (t: 60 minutes) followed by dual activation stages, namely chemical activation (carbon: H3PO4 30%, ratio 1:5, w/b) and physical activation (furnace, T: 600°C, t: 60 minutes). After that, the activated carbon from cassava peels (CPAC) was applied as an adsorbent for BTEX. The results showed that CPAC has an amorphous character with O-H, C-H, C≡C, C=C stretching, C-O, and C=N functional groups. The carbonization step changes pore properties. CPAC-202 (with carbonization) has a mesoporous character with a surface area up to 198.233 m2/g, with the surface dominated by C and O elements. The selectivity of BTEX gas adsorption is more significant for toluene using CPAC-202, with the best adsorption reaching 6.418 mg/L.
Cryogenic Microstructure Engineering of PVDF-Based Composite Membranes Doped with Alumina and Reduced Graphene Oxide Derived from Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) Meilysa Yonara; Delovita Ginting; Romi Fadli Syahputra; Asanah Radhi
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 29, No 3 (2026): Volume 29 Issue 3 Year 2026
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.29.3.186-194

Abstract

Composite polymer membranes based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) have attracted attention as potential solid-state electrolyte candidates due to their thermal stability and mechanical robustness. However, microstructural heterogeneity and transport limitations remain key challenges. This study investigates the effect of cryogenic treatment (Series A) and rGO incorporation (Series B) on PVDF/Al2O3/CA composite membranes derived from palm kernel shell (PKS)-based reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Morphological characterization showed a reduction in pore size from 13–15 μm in the untreated membrane to 1.7–2.6 μm in the 2-minute treatment, improving membrane uniformity. UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed an increase in apparent optical band gap from 1.34 eV to 1.44 eV with increasing cryogenic duration, suggesting improved structural ordering within the composite membrane. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements conducted under aqueous Na2SO4 conditions showed increased current response and capacitance with increasing rGO content (Series B), indicating enhanced interfacial electrochemical behavior. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) performed on Series A samples demonstrated a decrease in area-specific bulk resistance from 0.14 to 0.10 Ω·cm2, corresponding to an apparent ionic conductivity of 8.0 × 10−2 S/cm under the applied aqueous screening configuration. The results indicate that cryogenic treatment primarily governs bulk resistance reduction through pore refinement, while rGO incorporation enhances electrochemical response under model aqueous conditions. These findings highlight the role of structural control and biomass-derived carbon fillers in tailoring composite membrane electrochemical characteristics.
Synthesis and Characterization of Biodegradable Plastics from Areca Nut Shell Cellulose Incorporated Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) and Glycerol Rozanna Dewi; Aldila Ananda; Novi Sylvia; Medyan Riza; Tezara Cionita; Januar Parlaungan Siregar
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 10 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 10 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.10.560-571

Abstract

Areca nut shells have a high cellulose content. The potential utilization of areca nut shells as a base material for biodegradable plastics is a key component in the goal of replacing commercial plastics. This study aims to determine the optimal concentration of CMC and glycerol to achieve the best mechanical characteristics of biodegradable plastics. The research method consists of several stages, including the preparation of cellulose from areca nut shells, which involves predelignification and delignification, the synthesis of biodegradable plastic, and the testing of the resulting biodegradable plastic. The mechanical characteristic tests conducted on biodegradable plastics included a tensile strength test (1.27−3.10 MPa), elongation (1.10−1.25%), and Young’s modulus (108.54−281.81 MPa) on biodegradable plastics with CMC (4, 5, 6, and 7%) and 4.5% glycerol. In the functional group analysis, biodegradable plastic forms clusters that bond with water, making soil degradation easier. In the thermal analysis, the most significant weight loss occurred between 422.21°C and 492.87°C, which is the stage of cellulose degradation. The swelling value obtained in the areca nut shell cellulose biodegradable plastic is (25.39-11.17%). The use of glycerol affects the value of plastic resistance to water. Estimated degradation times were 45–63 days (3% glycerol), 81–96 days (3.5%), 75–90 days (4%), and 69–84 days (4.5%). Based on ASTM D6400 standards, the material demonstrates biodegradability, with the potential to meet the required degradation thresholds for bioplastics.
A Theoretical Analysis of Aniline-Based Dyes Structure Modification to Improve the Efficiency of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) Imelda Imelda; Hermansyah Aziz; Arxhel Septino Faril Nanda; Elvira Deswita
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 9 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 9 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.9.481-487

Abstract

This study employed aniline-based D-π-A organic dyes, consisting of four dyes differentiated by their π-conjugated moieties. Calculations were performed using DFT/TD-DFT with the B3LYP/6-31G basis set. The work examined structural modifications of aniline-based D-π-A dyes in the gas phase to identify π-conjugated variations with high sensitizing potential for DSSCs. Among the dyes evaluated, Dye 2 (8-(4-aminophenyl)-9H-purine-2-carboxylic acid) showed the most promising characteristics, with an absorption maximum (λmax) of 504.45 nm and a bandgap of 3.0618 eV. These findings indicate that converting aniline dyes into D-π-A systems can improve DSSC performance.
Comparative Study on the Effect of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K30) Concentration on the Structure and Performance of Chitosan Membranes for Phosphate Ion Filtration Retno Ariadi Lusiana; M. Ridho Shofwan Al Aziz; Didik Setiyo Widodo; Khabibi Khabibi
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 9 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 9 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.9.529-535

Abstract

The increasing concentration of phosphate in industrial and agricultural waste is a major cause of eutrophication, which threatens the balance of aquatic ecosystems. Membrane technology offers an effective approach for phosphate ion removal through the combined mechanisms of filtration and adsorption. In this study, chitosan membranes were modified with polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP K30) at four different concentrations using the phase inversion method. Increasing the PVP K30 content in the chitosan membrane enhanced water absorption, porosity, and hydrophilicity. These improvements significantly influenced phosphate ion filtration performance, resulting in a flux increase of 33–48% and an enhancement in phosphate ion rejection of 32–39% compared to the unmodified chitosan membrane. Furthermore, phosphate ion adsorption on the membrane surface was observed, which is likely attributed to the presence of surface functional groups with different charges and to membrane pore sizes comparable to the size of phosphate ions.

Page 84 of 85 | Total Record : 850

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