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INDONESIA
JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 14108917     EISSN : 25979914     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering
urnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi (p-ISSN: 1410-8917) and e-ISSN: 2597-9914) is published by Department of Chemistry, Diponegoro University. This journal is published four times per year and publishes research, review and short communication in field of Chemistry.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 857 Documents
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Bioactivity Profile, Toxicity Screening, and Biopolymer Film Application of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles from Trema orientalis Leaf Extract Aghniya Naziefa; Rahmiwati Hilma; Mustika Widuri Bulan; Dwi Rosalinda; Jufrizal Syahri
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 29, No 7 (2026): Volume 29 Issue 7 Year 2026
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.29.7.491-504

Abstract

This study utilizes green nanotechnology by employing Trema orientalis leaf extract (TO-EE) as a natural bioreductant to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-TO) and apply them in biopolymer film-based food packaging. AgNPs were synthesized using a stirrer method and characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, PSA, and TEM. UV-Vis confirmed nanoparticle formation with a λmax at 430 nm (SPR). FTIR indicated phenolic and carbonyl groups in the reduction of Ag+ to Ag0. XRD showed a face-centered cubic silver structure with minor AgCl presence. PSA revealed an average size of 56.46 nm with high polydispersity (>0.5), while TEM showed spherical, heterogeneous particles. Antioxidant activity (DPPH) showed IC50 values of 128.40 µg/mL (AgNPs-TO) and 75.59 µg/mL (TO-EE). Anti-photooxidation tests in a linoleic acid system demonstrated that AgNPs-TO and BP/AgNPs-TO films suppressed hydroperoxide formation. Preliminary BSLT screening showed an LC50 <1000 ppm, and 5 ppm AgNPs were selected for incorporation into the biopolymer film. The additional AgNPs-TO also affects the physical properties of the biopolymer film. These results indicate that AgNPs-TO are promising as active agents in environmentally friendly food packaging.
Comparative Study of Volatile Compound Profiles and Fuel Properties of Diesel Blends with Cymbopogon nardus and Cymbopogon citratus Essential Oils as Natural Bioadditives Sya’rifa Salma Musliyati Putri; Suharno Suharno; Ika Oktavianawati
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 29, No 7 (2026): Volume 29 Issue 7 Year 2026
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.29.7.441-451

Abstract

The development of environmentally friendly bioadditives has attracted growing attention for improving diesel fuel quality. This study comparatively investigated the role of oxygenated compounds in essential oils from Cymbopogon nardus and Cymbopogon citratus as natural bioadditives. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and characterized for yield, moisture content, density, kinematic viscosity, and volatile compound composition using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The essential oils were then blended with diesel fuel at five additive concentrations (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0% (v/v)), with neat diesel (0% (v/v)) serving as the control. The resulting blends were evaluated for density, kinematic viscosity, distillation characteristics, and ignition quality, as indicated by the Calculated Cetane Index (CCI). The results revealed that C. citratus essential oil contained a higher proportion of oxygenated compounds than C. nardus. The optimal bioadditive concentration was determined to be 0.8% (v/v) for C. nardus and 0.6% (v/v) for C. citratus, based on a balance between statistically significant CCI improvement and maintaining density and kinematic viscosity within diesel fuel specifications. At these optimal concentrations, the CCI increased from 45.5 for neat diesel to 46.3 for C. nardus and to 46.9 for C. citratus, respectively, while density and kinematic viscosity remained within diesel fuel specifications. These findings suggest that variations in essential oil composition may contribute to the observed differences in fuel properties and support the potential use of essential oils rich in oxygenated compounds as sustainable bioadditives for diesel fuel applications.
Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles from Plumeria Extract and Their Larvicidal Potential Against Aedes aegypti Si Ayu Dian Natalia; Pande Koming Agnesya Wulan Devi; Gusti Ayu Dewi Lestari
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 29, No 7 (2026): Volume 29 Issue 7 Year 2026
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.29.7.505-514

Abstract

Larvicides are a class of insecticides that chemically control the growth of dengue vectors. Although synthetic larvicides remain effective for mosquito control, their prolonged and excessive use may contribute to insecticide resistance and potential environmental impacts. In alternative literature, silver nanoparticles can be used to reduce these negative impacts, as they exhibit larvicidal activity. Organic waste, such as plumeria leaves that have fallen, wilted, and lost economic value, can serve as a bioreductor in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles was carried out by mixing the water extract of plumeria leaves with a 1 mM AgNO3 solution at a 1:9 (v/v) ratio. The concentration of the plumeria leaf water extract used was 1%, and the heating temperature was 60°C. Silver nanoparticles were characterized using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, PSA, TEM, and SEM-EDS, and their larvicidal activity was tested. Silver nanoparticles provide a maximum wavelength of 430 nm. The TEM and SEM-EDS characterization results show irregular spherical shapes, as well as square and triangular shapes, and PSA confirmed an average particle size of 72.39 nm with a zeta potential of −21.51 mV. Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles exhibit larvicidal activity with an LC50 of 13 ppm.
Monod Kinetics for EM4-Driven Ammonia Biodegradation Under Molasses Variation and Microbial Acclimatization Rizky Ibnufaatih Arvianto; Muhammad Zulfikar Luthfi; Adna Ivan Ardian; Suhirman Suhirman; Muhamad Iqbal Putra; Denanda Clarasati Puteri; Ihsan Wiratama; Muhammad Nasyarudin Iqbal; Jerry Jerry; Dennis Farina Nury; Firman Ayub
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 29, No 7 (2026): Volume 29 Issue 7 Year 2026
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.29.7.452-463

Abstract

Ammonia is a toxic pollutant parameter in petrochemical wastewater and can impair the quality of aquatic environments. This experimental study evaluated the kinetics of ammonia biodegradation by an Effective Microorganisms-4 (EM4) consortium using the Monod model approach, focusing on molasses concentration as an external carbon source and the effect of microbial acclimatization. This experiment was conducted in aerobic batch systems with initial ammonia concentrations of 10, 30, and 50 ppm and the addition of 5% and 10% molasses. Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids (MLSS) and pH were monitored to evaluate environmental dynamics and biomass growth. The results showed that increasing the molasses concentration from 5% to 10% increased the maximum specific growth rate (μmax) from 6.29 to 7.17 day−1 and decreased the half-saturation constant (Ks) from 23.22 to 14.01 mg/L; therefore, a lower Ks indicates higher apparent substrate affinity. The acclimatization further improved the kinetic response, yielding higher μmax and lower Ks than the non-acclimated system, alongside higher MLSS and a faster pH decrease consistent with more intensive biodegradation activity. Overall, these results confirm that the combination of microbial acclimatization and sufficient molasses addition can enhance the kinetic performance of ammonia biodegradation by EM4.
Antibacterial Edible Film Based on Trema orientalis Leaf Extract: In Silico, In Vitro, and Toxicity Screening M. Rafshan Jani; Rahmiwati Hilma; Jufrizal Syahri; Aznan Hafiz Rizda; Dwi Muthia Sari
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 29, No 7 (2026): Volume 29 Issue 7 Year 2026
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.29.7.515-522

Abstract

Antibacterial edible films based on natural extracts have gained attention as sustainable alternatives for food packaging. Leaf extract of Trema orientalis contains bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, terpenoids, and saponins, with potential antibacterial activity. The extract was obtained using ethanol and characterized by LC–MS, which identified 16 compounds, with an extraction yield of 16.45%. Edible films were prepared using a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)–polyethylene glycol (PEG) matrix and characterized by FTIR, SEM, and physical–mechanical analyses. The incorporation of the extract improved the film properties, including thickness, water resistance, and tensile strength. Antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli increased with extract concentration, reaching a maximum inhibition zone of 13.3 ± 0.58 mm at 60% extract concentration. Molecular docking against DNA gyrase B of E. coli (6F86) and S. aureus (4URM) identified compound 5 (−8.04 kcal/mol) and compound 13 (−7.94 kcal/mol) as the strongest-binding compounds toward their respective target proteins, indicating their potential contribution to the antibacterial activity of the extract. Toxicity evaluation using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) yielded an LC50 value of 1976 ppm, indicating that the extract was non-toxic. These findings demonstrate that Trema orientalis extract-based edible films exhibit promising antibacterial properties and have potential as environmentally friendly active food packaging materials.
Development of Methyl Methacrylate-Based Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) Modified Electrodes for the Cyclic Voltametric Analysis of Caffeine in Coffee Intan Cahya Callista; Pirim Setiarso
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 29, No 7 (2026): Volume 29 Issue 7 Year 2026
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.29.7.464-475

Abstract

Caffeine is a type of alkaloid found in coffee, tea, and chocolate. Caffeine consumption is generally safe and offers benefits such as increased alertness and concentration; however, excessive consumption can potentially lead to caffeine poisoning or overdose, which can be harmful to health and even life-threatening. Analytical determination of caffeine is generally performed using conventional techniques such as HPLC and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. An alternative analytical method with potential, but has not yet been widely explored, is cyclic voltammetry. In this study, a cyclic voltammetry method for caffeine analysis was developed using a working electrode modified with a molecularly imprinted polymer to enhance electrode sensitivity. Bulk polymerization was used to produce the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), whose characteristics were then analyzed using SEM and FTIR instruments. The optimal electrode composition was obtained at a ratio of 1:2:2 (KCl: agar powder: MIP), which resulted in a cathodic peak current (Ip,c) of −1.45 × 10−3 A at pH 5. Higher conductivity facilitates easier electron transfer, which in turn results in a higher peak current. The application of this method to the analysis of caffeine in ground coffee types A, B, and C resulted in caffeine contents of 17.46 ppm, 12.87 ppm, and 13.78 ppm, respectively. The voltammetric method showed a limit of detection (LoD) of 2.26 ppm and a limit of quantitation (LoQ) of 7.53 ppm. These results indicate that the molecularly imprinted polymer-modified electrode is an effective tool for analyzing caffeine using the cyclic voltammetry method.
Low-Cost Rice Husk Ash-Based Adsorbent for Surfactant and Phosphate Removal from Laundry Wastewater Julinawati Julinawati; Faradilla Faradilla; Irfan Mustafa; Suryati Suryati; Andriy Anta Kacaribu
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 29, No 7 (2026): Volume 29 Issue 7 Year 2026
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.29.7.476-490

Abstract

The discharge of laundry wastewater containing surfactants and phosphates represents a growing environmental concern, particularly in areas where wastewater is released without adequate treatment. This study evaluates sulfuric acid–activated rice husk ash (RHA) as a low-cost adsorbent for removing surfactants and phosphates from real laundry wastewater. FTIR and XRD analyses indicated that the main silica-related functional groups and framework of RHA were largely retained after acid activation, while SEM observations suggested a rougher and more heterogeneous surface morphology. Batch adsorption experiments using real laundry wastewater showed that surfactant and phosphate removal were influenced by adsorbent dosage and contact time. The optimum dosage was 3 g for surfactant removal and 4 g for phosphate removal, while the optimum contact time for both contaminants was 30 min. Controlled isotherm experiments using separate single-solute surfactant and phosphate standard solutions indicated that the adsorption behavior of both contaminants was better described by the Freundlich model, suggesting adsorption on heterogeneous surface sites. Kinetic analysis using real laundry wastewater showed rapid uptake, with the Elovich model providing the best overall fit for both surfactant and phosphate adsorption. These findings suggest that sulfuric acid–activated RHA is a promising, simple, and affordable biomass-derived adsorbent for laundry wastewater treatment, although further studies involving surface area analysis, regeneration, reusability, column operation, and cost performance are required to support practical application.

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