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INDONESIA
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 25490273     EISSN : 25490273     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Background: Increased blood pressure for a long time can increase the risk of kidney failure, co­ronary heart disease, brain damage, and other di­seases. In 2019, it is estimated that hyper­tens­ion is experienced by 1.13 billion people in the world with most (two thirds) living in low and mid­­dle income countries. Other study also shows that the police and military are at risk of develop­ing hypertension due to a number of factors such as low know­led­ge about healthy and nutritious food, co-workers who are smokers, and consum­ing alco­hol. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for hypertension in the police and military in the world using meta analysis. Subjects and Method: This was a meta-ana­lysis and systematic review. The articles used we­re obtained from Google Scholar, Springer Link, Pro­­Quest, and Science Direct databases. Selected arti­cles published from 2000 to 2020. Keywords to search for articles are as follows: hypertension po­lice personnel and military, or hypertension po­lice personnel and military. The articles studi­ed are 3 full text articles with cross sectional stu­dy designs and 1 full text articles with case cont­rol study design. Articles are col­lect­ed using PRI­S­­­MA diagrams, and analy­zed us­ing the Re­vi­ew Ma­nager application 5.3. Results: Overweight (aOR= 1.42; 95% CI = 1.01 to 2.00; p= 0.04), alcohol consumption (aOR­=­ 1.­55; 95% CI= 1.12 to 2.12; p= 0.007), ciga­rette con­­­­sumption (aOR= 1.45 ; 95% CI= 1.06 to 1.97; p= 0.020) is a risk factor for hyper­­­tension in the po­­­lice and military. Conclusion: Overweight, alcohol consump­tion, and cigarette consump­tion, are risk fac­tors for hypertension in po­lice and military personnel.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 419 Documents
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Evaluating the Effectiveness of Measles Surveillance Systems in Africa: A Systematic Review of Epidemiological Trends, and Laboratory Performance: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Measles Surveillance Systems in Africa Kayode Akanbi; Olanrewaju Olaiya; Islamiyyat Adekemi Olatinwo; Imaobong Udo Isang; Sunday Thomas Sola
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 10 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2025.10.04.01

Abstract

Background: As efforts to eliminate measles advance, it becomes essential to enhance the sensitivity of surveillance systems. This involves identifying and thoroughly investigating all cases presented with fever and rash. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of measles surveillance systems in Africa, focusing on epidemiological trends, vaccination coverage, and laboratory performance. Methodology: A comprehensive search strategy was employed across five databases, PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar—to identify peer-reviewed studies published between 2014 and 2024. From an initial pool of 124 articles, eight met the inclusion criteria and were critically appraised using both quantitative and qualitative tools. Result: The findings highlight several systemic challenges, including the sub-optimal performance of measles surveillance systems, gaps in immunization coverage, and significant regional disparities in disease burden. Common deficiencies include inadequate case reporting, limited laboratory capacity, and insufficient training of frontline health workers. Moreover, low vaccine uptake, especially for the second dose (MCV2)—was attributed to supply chain issues, vaccine hesitancy, and geographic barriers. Conclusion: The review underscores the urgent need for improved laboratory infrastructure, expanded training, community engagement, and equitable access to immunization services. Strengthening these areas is critical to enhancing measles surveillance and achieving elimination goals across the continent. Keyword: Measles, surveillance systems. Laboratory performance, immunization.
Impact of Pesticide Exposure on Farmer Metabolism Systems : A Systematic Review Triyani; Hanifa Maher Denny; Suroto
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 10 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2025.10.04.03

Abstract

Background: Farmers are informal sector workers exposed to multiple health risks due to the unsafe use or storage of pesticides. Farmer are at high risk of pesticide poisoning, which can affect their metabolic disorders. This review aims to systematically examine the impact of pesticide exposure on health disorders in farmers’  metabolic systems. Subjects and Method: This was a systematic review using the PICO model. The keywords used for the search for the study were “Impact” and “Pesticide” AND “Exposure” AND “Farmers’” AND “Meta­bolism System” in various databases. The inclusion criteria in this study were studies discussing varia­bles, research articles, and articles published from 2021 onwards, while the exclusion criteria were articles that do not have access or are not full-text. Data were collected using the extraction form, which includes PICO, and assessed using the PRISMA diagram. Data analysis was done descriptively by comparing the research results. Results: The study found that pesticide exposure can affect the metabolic system, potentially damaging cells and causing oxidative stress by damaging lipids, proteins, and DNA, leading to genetic mutations and cell degeneration. The impact of exposure to glyphosate and arsenic pesticides causes liver and kidney function damage and decreased cardiovascular health. Exposure to paraquat, glyphosate, and oxyfluorophene causes Thyroid Cancer. Exposure to organophosphate and organo­chlorine pesticides causes Parkinson’s. Insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides cause sleep disorders. In addition, herbicide pesticides have a significant relationship with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion: Based on research findings, pesticide exposure impacts farmers’ metabolic systems, including the incidence of Chronic Kidney Disease, decline in cardiovascular health, Thyroid Cancer, Parkinson’s Disease, Sleep Disorders, and Type 2 Diabetes.  
Environmental Risk Factors and Hookworm Infection  among Schoolchildren in Rural Areas of Indonesia Blego Sedionoto; Akhmad Azmiardi; Witthaya Anamnart
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 10 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2025.10.04.02

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of hookworm infection is a serious public health concern globally. Java Island and Kalimantan Island have differential environmental risk factors of hookworm infection, espe­cial­ly in rural areas of Indonesia, which have high-risk environmental factors for the prevalence of hook­worm infection. This study aimed to investigate the infection rates and correlation between environmental risk factors and the prevalence of hookworm infection. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 226 school children from rural East Java province, Central Java Province, and East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. A simple random sampling method was applied to select participants from each school area. This study used two diagnostic methods: Kato Katz and Koga agar plate culture/KAP culture for diagnosing hookworm infections. Environmental variables examined included soil texture, organic carbon content, clay content, soil pH, rainfall volume, number of rainy days, humidity, temperature, elevation, vegetation type, and pet infection status. Pearson's chi-square analysis was used to study the correlation between environmental factors and hookworm infection. Results: Hookworm, Strongyloides sp, and Ascaris sp infections were found in this study; 137 (60.63%), 25 (11.1%), and 124 (9.84%), respectively. Environmental risk factors such as rainy season, quality of soil, and infection with hookworm in pets have a significant correlation (p<0.050) with hookworm infection among schoolchildren in a rural area in Indonesia. Conclusion: The prevalence of hookworm infection correlates with environmental factors, and the findings in this research could contribute to decreasing the prevalence of hookworm infection, espe­cially among schoolchildren in rural areas.
The Relationship Between Macronutrient Intake and Stunting Among Children Aged 1–2 Years: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches Intan Silvia Nesva; Delmi Sulastri; Vaulinne Basyir
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 10 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2025.10.04.04

Abstract

Background: Stunting among children aged 1–2 years remains a critical public health concern in Indonesia, particularly during the vital 1,000-day window of child development. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between macronutrient intake and stunting using a mixed-methods approach. Subjects and Method: This was a sequential explanatory mixed-methods study conducted from February 2024 to May 2025 at Community Health Center Dadok Tunggul Hitam, Padang City. The quantitative component employed a case-control design involving 66 children aged 1–2 years, divided equally into stunted (cases) and non-stunted (controls) groups. Sampling was conducted purposively for cases and by simple matching for controls. The independent variables were intake of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats; the dependent variable was stunting, defined using WHO growth standards. Macronutrient intake was assessed via a 24-hour recall. Data were analyzed using Chi-square tests to determine associations, and Odds Ratios (OR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were reported. The qualitative phase included interviews with mothers, health workers, and community volunteers, analyzed thematically using NVivo 12. Results: Children with inadequate carbohydrate intake were significantly more likely to be stunted (OR=3.50; 95% CI=1.27 to 9.64; p=0.015). No statistically significant associations were found for protein intake (OR=2.60; 95% CI=0.91 to 7.44; p=0.074) or fat intake (OR=2.44; 95% CI=0.89 to 6.70; p=0.082). Qualitative findings revealed barriers such as loss of appetite during illness, preference for snacks, food aversions, and limited maternal knowledge and resources, all of which contributed to inadequate macronutrient intake. Conclusion: Inadequate carbohydrate intake was significantly associated with stunting in children aged 1–2 years. Contextual factors such as eating behavior and parental feeding practices further influenced nutritional outcomes. Interventions should address both dietary intake and behavioral barriers within families.
Meta-Analysis: Depression as A Risk Factor for Dementia Hesthi Krisnawati
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2022.07.02.11

Abstract

Background: Depression is a mental disorder which if not treated can cause other diseases, including the individual's physical condition. One of the risks that occur due to recurrent depression is dementia. Dementia can reduce a person's ability to survive due to decreased brain function. This study was aimed to determine the effect of depression (depression) as a risk factor for dementia (dementia).Subjects and Method: This study was a meta-analysis, with a PICO covering Population= people with dementia. Intervention= depression. Comparison= without depression. Outcome= the risk of dementia. Research data was searched from several sources including: PubMed, Google Scholar, Springer Link, and Science Direct from 2011 until 2021 with the following keywords "dementia" AND "depression" OR "risk of dementia" AND “Hazard Ratio” AND "multivariate". The inclusion criteria used were full papers using English with a cohort study design from 2011-2021 by reporting the Adjusted Hazard Ratio (aHR) value. The selection of articles was carried out using the PRISMA flow diagram. Data processing using Review Manager software version 5.3 to determine the risk of depression variables on dementia.Results: A total of 11 cohort studies were selected for a systematic review and meta-analysis. The data collected showed that depression can increase patients of dementia 1.38 times compared to without depression (aHR= 1.38; 95% CI= 1.38 to 1.70; p=0.003).Conclusion: Depression increases the risk of developing dementia. Keywords: depression, dementia, risk factor. Correspondence:Hesthi Krisnawati. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 Kentingan, Jebres, Surakarta, Central Java. Email: hesthikrisna86@gmail.com. Mobile +628527-8067840
COVID-19 Patient Mortality with Convalescent Plasma Therapy: Meta-Analysis Fathiyyatu Assa’diy Firda; Bhisma Murti; Cri Sajjana Prajna Wekadigunawan
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 6 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health

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Abstract

Background: The use of convalescent plasma was recommended as empiric treatment during the Ebolavirus outbreak in 2014, and a protocol for the treatment of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS) with convalescent plasma was created in 2015. These findings raise the hypothesis that the use of convalescent plasma transfusion may be beneficial in SARS-infected patients. -CoV-2. The aim of this study was to estimate the mortality risk of COVID-19 patients with convalescent plasma therapy.Subjects and method: A systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out by collecting articles from the Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct databases. The articles were screened using the PICO model, including: (1) Population= confirmed COVID-19 patients, (2) Intervention= conva
Risk Factors for COVID-19 Infection in Rural Areas: A Cross-Sectional Study in Tegal District Siti Putri Nur Kholifah; Mahalul Azam; Muhamad Zakki Saefurrohim
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 6 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health

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Abstract

Background: Although the COVID-19 outbreak initially occurred in urban residents, it eventually reached rural and remote communities. There have not been many studies of risk factors for COVID-19 infection in people in rural areas. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with the incidence of COVID-19 infection in rural areas, Tegal Regency.Subjects dan Method: This was a cross-sectional study, conducted on 114 patients who visited the health center from 1 June to 30 July 2020 (time restrictions on social activities). The depen
A Meta-Analysis of Correlations between Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Smoking, and Severity of COVID-19 Gigih Cita Pambudi; Setyo Sri Rahardjo; Sumardiyono Sumardiyono
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 6 No. 4 (2021)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health

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Abstract

Background: Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease that can progress to severe hypoxemia with cases reaching more than 235 million cases worldwide until November 2021. The association with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and smoking habits are both very common globally and may increase the severity of COVID-19. However, it has not been elucidated. Given the gaps in evidence and the increasing prevalence of COVID-19, this study aimed to examine the influence of COPD and smoking habits on the severity of COVID-19 patients.Subjects and Method: This meta-analysis study was conducted with PICO as follows: Popula
The Association Between Green Tea Consumption with Cardiovascular Related Mortality: A Meta-Analysis Isnani Nurhayati; Anas Rahmad Hidayat; Tri Yuniarti; Harpeni Siswati Budi
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 6 No. 4 (2021)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health

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Abstract

Background: Tea (green or black) are among the most widely consumed beverages in adults worldwide. Recently, numerous studies claimed that green tea intake have been associated with reduced mortality, including cardiovascular disease related mortality. This study was aimed to investigate the association between green tea consumption with cardiovascular related mortality.Subjects and Method: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis study used articles which published in 2000 to 2021 from online databases, such as PubMed, ResearchGate, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and EBSCO. The dependent variable was cardiovascular related mortality. The independent variables was green tea consumption. The data was analyzed by RevMan 5.3 software. This study used the eligibility criteria with the PICO model, populations: COVID-19 general adults, intervention: >1 cups green tea consumption. comparison: null or <1 cup green tea consumption, outcome: cardiovascular related mortality. The inclusion criteria were an article describing the effect or relationship of green tea consumption with cardiovascular related mortality, original research, and study of cohort contain effect size of hazard ratio and match with the intervention design. The keywords used to search the database were
Meta Analysis the Relationship of Social Support on Depression in Pregnant Women Mitha Amelia Rahmawati; Muthia Syafira
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 6 No. 4 (2021)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health

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Abstract

Background: Depression in pregnancy can lead to poor pregnancy outcomes, such as pre-eclampsia, insufficient weight gain, and preterm delivery which can progress to postpartum depression thereby posing a risk to the mother-infant bond and impacting the child's social development at a further level. Social support is one of the important factors that can increase the risk of depression during pregnancy, because with a lack of social support, the increased risk of depression in pregnant or postpartum women will enhance. The purpose of this study was to estimate the relationship between low social support and depression in pregnancy.

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