Journal of Maternal and Child Health
Journal of Maternal and Child Health (JMCH) is an electronic, open-access, double-blind and peer-reviewed international journal, focusing on maternal and child health. The journal began its publication on July 11, 2015, and is published four times yearly. JMCH aims to improve the policy, program, service, and practice, as they impact infant, children, mother, women, adolescent, and family health.
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<![CDATA[Meta-Analysis the Effect of Obesity and Stress on Menstrual Cycle Disorder ]]>
<![CDATA[Annarahayu, Lutfi]]>;
<![CDATA[Dewi, Yulia Lanti Retno]]>;
<![CDATA[Adriyani, Rita Benya]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 6 No. 4 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2021.06.04.04
<![CDATA[Background: There are many factors that influence menstrual patterns to become irregular, including stress and obesity. Menstrual cycle irregularities can have a serious impact on women's health, which will affect the metabolic, fertility, sexual and reproductive systems. This study aims to analyze the influence of obesity and stress on menstrual cycle disorders with a meta-analysis study. Subjects and Method: This study is a systematic study and meta-analysis, with the following PICO, Population= women of childbearing age. Intervention= obesity and stress. Comparison = not obese and not stressed. Outcome = disruption of the menstrual cycle. The articles used in this study were obtained from several databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. The keywords used are "menstrual disorder and obesity and stress", "obesity and menstrual irregularity", "obesity OR stress AND menstrual irregularity OR cross sectional study". The articles included in this study are full text articles with a cross sectional study design. Articles were collected using PRISMA flow diagrams. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application. Results: Meta-analysis of 8 observational studies showed that obese women were 4 times more likely to have menstrual cycle disorders than normal weight (aOR= 4.19; 95% CI= 1.99 to 8.84; p= 0.002). Meta-analysis of 6 observational studies showed that women with stress had a risk of experiencing menstrual cycle disorders 1.28 times compared to women who did not experience stress (aOR= 1.28; 95% CI= 1.13 to 1.45; p = 0.001). Conclusion: Obesity and stress affect menstrual cycle disorders.]]>
<![CDATA[The Effectiveness of Hypnobreastfeeding and Marmet Techniques in Improving Breast Milk Production ]]>
<![CDATA[Rusmilawaty, Rusmilawaty]]>;
<![CDATA[Hapisah, Hapisah]]>;
<![CDATA[Rafidah, Rafidah]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 6 No. 4 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2021.06.04.10
<![CDATA[Background: Breast milk as a natural food is the best food that a mother can give to a newborn child. Judging from the factor of peace of mind and mind to produce good breast milk, the mental condition and mind must be calm. The psychological state of the mother who is depressed, sad, stressed, anxious, depressed and tense will reduce the volume of breast milk. One of the methods that can be done to increase milk production is Hypnobreastfeeding and marmet technique.The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of hypnobreastfeeding and marmet techniques in increasing breast milk production. Subjects and Method: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group design. The population in this study were pregnant women ≥36 weeks in the Banjar District Health Center in 2019 (Aranio, Astambul and Mataraman). The sample of the study was 45 pregnant women ≥36 weeks consisting of 3 groups, namely the group that received hypnobreastfeeding treatment, the group that received the marmet technique treatment and the group that did not get the treatment consisted of 15 people each. Bivariable analysis used the one way anova statistical test. Results: Breast milk production in the hypnobreasfeeding group Hypnobreastfeeding vs control group (mean= 2.00; SD= 0.50; p= 0.001); The marmet technique vc marmet technique group (mean= 1.87; SD= 0.50; p= 0.002). The marmet technique vc control group (mean= -18.7; SD= 0.50; p= 0.002). Conclusion: Pregnant women should get hypnobreasfeeding during pregnancy and after giving birth, health workers, especially midwives, to have hypnobreasfeeding skills.]]>
<![CDATA[Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice and Its Association with Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy among Mothers Giving Birth during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia: A Brief Report ]]>
<![CDATA[Angelina, Angelina]]>;
<![CDATA[Lesmanadjaja, Alicya]]>;
<![CDATA[Agung, Fransisca Handy]]>;
<![CDATA[Octavius, Gilbert Sterling]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 6 No. 4 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2021.06.04.05
<![CDATA[Background: Breast milk is the best nutrition for most infants, and current recommendations encourage mothers to keep giving breast milk during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to examine Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice and its association with breastfeeding self-efficacy in lactating women during COVID-19 pandemic. Subjects and Method: This is an analytic cross-sectional study involving mothers giving birth since March 2020 and their infants aged under 6 months. An online-based questionnaire, including the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF), was distributed through social media from April to September 2020. The dependent variable was exclusive breastfeeding rate, and the independent variables were BSES-SF score, mother working status, educational level, place of birth, birth method, and COVID-19 status. Results: There were 113 respondents, and the rate of exclusive breastfeeding was 79.6%. Self-efficacy score in mothers who give exslusive breastfeeding (Mean= 58.4; SD= 0.8) was higher than non exclusive breastfeeding (Mean= 44.8; SD= 13.4) and it was statisfically significant (p <0.001). Conclusion: This study showed that during the COVID-19 pandemic exclusive breastfeeding rate might remain high in populartions with good breastfeeding self-efficacy.]]>
<![CDATA[Postnatal care service utilization and associated factors among women in Goba woreda, Bale zone, Ethiopia: A community based cross-sectional study ]]>
<![CDATA[Wordofa, Debebe]]>;
<![CDATA[Hail, Asfaw]]>;
<![CDATA[Lamore, Yonas]]>;
<![CDATA[Lette, Abate]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 6 No. 4 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2021.06.04.07
<![CDATA[Background: Postnatal care of mothers is essential to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality. Providing postnatal care to recently delivered mothers is quite essential. The aim of the study was to determine the postnatal care utilization and associated factors among women who gave birth in the last 12 months in Goba woreda, Bale Zone, Ethiopia, 2020. Subjects and Method: A community based quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted in Goba woreda from March to April, 2020 among reproductive age group mothers who gave birth the in last 12 months prior this data collection. In this study 422 subjects were conducted using Lottery method to select them. The independent variables were socio-demographics charctestics and obstetrics’ health related factors with outcome variable of postnatal care service utilization. Binary and multivariable logistic regressions analysis were computed to evaluate the factors associated with postnatal care services utilization. Results: In this study a total of 422 women were interviewed with a response rate of 100%. Out of the total respondents, 178 (42.2%) utilized postnatal care service after delivery within six weeks of their last birth. Educational level of mothers (OR= 1.96; 95% CI= 1.06 to 3.62; p= 0.050) maternal knowledge on postpartum danger sign & symptoms (OR= 1.78; 95% CI= 1.16 to 2.72; p= 0.010) pregnancy desire (OR= 1.89; 95% CI= 1.67 to 3.35; p= 0.050) ANC visit (OR= 2.80; 95% CI= 1.32 to 5.97; p= 0.010) and place of deliver (OR= 2.09; 95% CI= 1.30 to 3.34; p= 0.010) had showed statistical significant association with postnatal care utilization. Conclusion: More than half of respondents in Goba woreda were not utilized postnatal care service. Maternal educational status, maternal knowledge on postnatal danger signs and symptom, pregnancy desire for youngest child, ANC attendance and place of delivery found to be independent predictors for PNC service utilization.]]>
<![CDATA[Socioeconomic Determinants of Diarrhea among Under-Five Children in Bangladesh: Do Education and Wealth Matter? ]]>
<![CDATA[Alauddin, Sharlene]]>;
<![CDATA[Haque, M. Ershadul]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 6 No. 4 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2021.06.04.06
<![CDATA[Background: The purpose of this study is to assess the current status of diarrhea among the under-five children in Bangladesh by exploring the risk factors which are associated with this disease. Subjects and Method: In this study, a nationally representative cross-sectional data had been used and the sample of women having under five children was selected by using a two stage stratified sampling method. A total of 7410 under five children were included. The dependent variable of this study was the status of diarrhea disease in the two weeks preceding the survey. The independent variable was education-wealth composition along with some other important variables such as age of children, delivery by caesarean section, migration status, mother’s age at birth, type of residence, source of toilet facility, sources of drinking water. The bivariate analysis was chi-square. The multivariate analysis was a multiple logistic regression. Results: According to this research study, education and wealth didn’t show any impact individually in the logistic regression model but when we excluded education and wealth from the model and create it is composition, it worked as a significant influential factor of diarrhea disease in Bangladesh. Women who were literate and their wealth status was not rich (OR= 0.64; 95% CI= 0.43 to 0.96; p= 0.030), women who were literate and rich (OR= 0.55; 95% CI= 0.35 to 0.88; p = 0.012) had significant association with childhood diarrhea. In addition to that only children age between 6-23 months (OR= 3.49; 95% CI= 2.23 to 5.48; p<0.001) and 24-35 months (OR= 1.75; 95% CI= 1.08 to 2.85; p= 0.023) worked out as a significant predictor of childhood diarrhea. Conclusion: This study was expected to help to build up a proper understanding about the socio-economic factors in order to reduce the childhood diarrhea in Bangladesh.]]>
<![CDATA[Associations between Smoking, Intrauterine Device Uptake, and Ectopic Pregnancy: A Meta Analysis ]]>
<![CDATA[Yanuari, Ridha Rossela]]>;
<![CDATA[Pamungkasari, Eti Poncorini]]>;
<![CDATA[Widyaningsih, Vitri]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 6 No. 4 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2021.06.04.01
<![CDATA[Background: Ectopic pregnancy is an important cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, estimated to occur in approximately 1-2% of pregnancies worldwide. Smoking and history of using intrauterine devices are risk factors for ectopic pregnancy. This study aims to estimate the magnitude of the relationship between smoking and a history of using intrauterine devices on the incidence of ectopic pregnancy based on a number of previous primary studies. Subjects and Method: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis. The articles used in this study were obtained from several databases, including: PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct which were published from 2000-2020. The inclusion criteria used are full text articles with Case Control design. The keywords used to search for articles were as follows: smoking AND "ectopic pregnancy" AND multivariate; "use of intrauterine device" AND "ectopic pregnancy" AND multivariate; smoking OR cigarette AND “use of intrauterine device” AND “ectopic pregnancy” OR “tubal pregnancy” AND multivariate. Articles were collected using PRISMA flow diagrams and analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3. Results: A meta-analysis of 7 articles showed that women of reproductive age who smoked had a 2.20 times risk of ectopic pregnancy compared to women of reproductive age who did not smoke (aOR= 2.20; 95% CI= 1.45 to 3.34; p= 0.002). A meta-analysis of 9 articles showed that women of reproductive age with a history of using intrauterine devices had a 2.28 times risk of ectopic pregnancy compared to women of reproductive age who did not use intrauterine devices (aOR= 2.28; 95% CI= 1.74 to 2.98; p<0.001). Conclusion: Smoking and a history of using intrauterine devices increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy.]]>
<![CDATA[National Health Insurance Membership and Economic Status as Determinants of Accessibility of Antenatal Care Service ]]>
<![CDATA[Rosidah, Lely Khulafa'ur]]>;
<![CDATA[Asdary, Rahma Novita]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 6 No. 4 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2021.06.04.12
<![CDATA[Background: According to WHO statistics, the maternal mortality rate (MMR) in developed countries is estimated at 12/100,000 live births, while in developing and low-income countries it is 239/100,000 live births. 99% of all maternal deaths are estimated to occur in developing countries, even though the causes of death can be prevented with the right policies considering that one of the goals of the Sustainable Development Goals is to reduce MMR. Antenatal Care (ANC) is the main technique to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality. This study evaluates JKN membership and economic status affecting ANC service coverage. Subjects and Method: This study is a cross-sectional study using data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). This data is used to assess the proportion of economic status and national health insurance (JKN) membership and to measure the relationship between the two with ANC coverage. Analysis using Logistic Regression with R software version 3.6.3. and perform Propensity Score Matching (PSM) to reduce self-selection bias by balancing the observed variables between groups of respondents based on economic status with and without JKN. Results: Of the 5429 respondents, 20.2% were very poor, 20.9% poor, 19.9% middle class, 20.8% rich, and 18.2% very rich. Among these residents, 61.4% have JKN membership and 38.3% do not. The substantial gap in the utilization of maternal health services, especially in ANC4x services, is 30.7 points between the very poor (48.2%) and the very rich (86.9). Respondents who worked as employees were more likely to have JKN membership than those who did not have a job (AOR=2.34; 95% CI = 1.74 to 3.16). Respondents who were exposed to the internet at least once a week were more likely to have JKN membership than those who were not exposed to the internet (AOR=1.46; 95% CI= 1.09 to 1.97). Conclusion: JKN membership and economic status affect ANC 4x service coverage.]]>
<![CDATA[Correlation between Child Behavior and Depression in Mother with Autism Spectrum Disorders Child ]]>
<![CDATA[Kido, Kumiko]]>;
<![CDATA[Fujita, Kumi]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 6 No. 4 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2021.06.04.09
<![CDATA[Background: The behavioural characteristics of an autistic child can lead to challenging relationships with the mother. For mothers who serve as the key person in the care of their children with ASD, maintaining good mental health, which may be directly related to the growth and development of their children, is an important issue for professionals engaged in parenting support. The aim of this study was to determine the interaction between the behavioural problems of children with ASD (from toddlers to adolescents) and their mothers’ depression. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. The recruitment of subjects was through a paediatric out-patient unit. Eighty-six mothers with ASD participated in this observational study. The Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale was used as a measure of depression in mothers, and the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) was used as an assessment of the children’s behavioral characteristics. The prevalence of depression among mothers of children with ASD was estimated and related factors were also examined. Results: There were 66 boys (76.7%), 12 girls (14.0%) and 8 (9.3%) non-responders. Comparing the pre- adolescent and adolescent groups, there were significant differences in the ages of mothers and children (P <0.001). In this study, the prevalence rate of depression in mothers of children with ASD was 47.7% (95% CI= 36.8 to 58.7), and the prevalence rate of depression in mothers of adolescent children group was 48.6% (95% CI= 31.4 to 6.0). The predictive factors of maternal depression were others’ problems (toileting problems, and masturbation) in CBCL and children’s age group. Conclusion: These children’s behavioural characteristics were recognised as serious problems by their mothers, which in turn can negatively affect their mental health, particularly the depression of mothers in the adolescent group was probably due to concerns about their children’s unsocial behaviour.]]>
<![CDATA[Influence of Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Physical Activity on Age of Menarche in Female Adolescent ]]>
<![CDATA[Rachma, Ulfa Puspita]]>;
<![CDATA[Moelyo, Annang Giri]]>;
<![CDATA[Aryani, Imasari]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 6 No. 4 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2021.06.04.02
<![CDATA[Background: The age of menarche which was referred to first time of teenagers had menstruation can be affected by anthropometric index, including body mass index, and waist circumference. Differences in measurement of body mass index, waist circumference, and intensity of physical activity will make some differences in age of menarche. This research aimed to determine the influence of body mass index, waist circumference and physical activity with age of menarche in late adolescent girls in Surakarta. Subjects and Method: The data collected by observed 359 adolescent girls aged 15 until 18 years old in Surakarta during September to October 2016 using observational analytic with cross sectional methods. The independent variables were body mass index, waist circumference, and physical activity. The dependent variable is age of menarche. Body mass index is measured using BW (kg)/BH² (m²) formula, in which: BW is Body Weight (measured using digital standardized scales) and BH is Body Height (measured using standardized microtoise). Students asked to fill in the questionnaire that contain questions regarding reproductive health especially menarche and physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). The data is processed using SPSS for Windows 23.0 and are analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Results: From the 359 respondents, the mean of age of menarche is 12.6 years (Mean= 12.6; SD= 1). Mean of body mass index is 21.42 kg/m² (Mean= 21.42; SD= 4.44). Mean of waist circumference is 70.41 cm (Mean= 70.41; SD= 7.47). There are 87 respondents (24.2%) with low physical activity, 100 respondents (29.5%) with moderate physical activity, and 166 respondents (46.2%) with high physical activity. Physical activity has significant influence positively (OR= 1.98; 95% CI= 0.39 to 4.72; p= 0.017) on the age of menarche. Conclusion: Physical activity has significant influence on the age of menarche in adolescent girls in Kota Surakarta, Indonesia.]]>
<![CDATA[The Effect of Low Birth Weight on Stunting in Children Under Five: A Meta Analysis ]]>
<![CDATA[Putri, Tyas Aisyah]]>;
<![CDATA[Salsabilla, Dinda Anindita]]>;
<![CDATA[Saputra, Rizki Kurniawan]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 6 No. 4 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2021.06.04.11
<![CDATA[Background: The main nutritional problem in children under five, which is still found in many countries in the world, is stunting. The relationship between risk factors for low birth weight (LBW) in children has been investigated in several primary studies with a number of contradictions in the results. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of low birth weight (LBW) on the incidence of stunting in children under 60 months in various countries using the meta-analysis method. Subjects and Method: The articles were selected from the Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Microsoft Academic, and Science Direct databases published from 2000-2021. Article collection for 2 months with search keywords (“Low Birth Weight” OR “LBW”) AND “Stunting” AND (“adjusted odds ratio” OR “multivariable”). The meta-analysis step used is a PRISMA flowchart. Data analysis was carried out using the Review Manager 5.3 . program. Results: Based on 11 primary studies conducted in Brazil, Ethiopia, and Indonesia, it was shown that in a cross-sectional study LBW could increase the incidence of stunting in children aged 0-60 months by 3.64 times compared to non-LBW (aOR = 3.64; 95% CI = 2.70). up to 4.90; p<0.001). While the case-control study showed that LBW can increase the incidence of stunting in children aged 0-60 months as much as 6.95 times compared to non-LBW (aOR = 6.95; 95% CI = 4.02 to 12.04; p<0.001). Conclusion: Low birth weight increases the risk of stunting in the population of children under 60 months of age.]]>
