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Walisongo Journal of Chemistry
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang
ISSN : 2549385X     EISSN : 26215985     DOI : 10.21580/wjc
Core Subject : Science,
Chemistry
Walisongo journal of chemistry is a peer reviewed and open access journal published by Chemistry Department, faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Walisongo Semarang. This journal covering all areas of chemistry including inorganic, organic, physic, analytic, biochemistry, and environmental chemistry. Walisongo Journal of Chemistry publish two issues annually (July and October). Article which accepted in this journal was written by Bahasa and English.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 227 Documents
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ADSORPTION BEHAVIOR OF Pb (II) ON GAMALAMA VOLCANIC SOIL: KINETIC AND ISOTHERM STUDIES Indra Cipta; Nur Jannah Baturante; Hernawan Hernawan; M. Hidayat Jaya Miharja; Nur Fadillah Putri Saiful
Walisongo Journal of Chemistry Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Walisongo Journal of Chemistry
Publisher : Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/wjc.v9i1.31583

Abstract

Lead (Pb) contamination in aquatic environments poses serious risks to ecosystems and human health due to its toxicity and persistence. This study evaluates the potential of Gamalama volcanic soil (GVS), a locally abundant aluminosilicate material, as a low-cost adsorbent for Pb(II) removal. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted at initial Pb(II) concentrations of 50–500 mg/L and contact times of 20–120 min. Adsorption behavior was analyzed using kinetic models, namely the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models, and isotherm models, namely the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The structural and surface properties of GVS before and after adsorption were characterized by FTIR, XRD, and N₂ adsorption (BET). The adsorption efficiency decreased from 45.8% to 33.6% with increasing initial Pb(II) concentration, indicating progressive saturation of active sites. In contrast, adsorption increased with contact time and reached a maximum of 94.87% at 60 min. Kinetic analysis showed an excellent fit to the pseudo-second-order model (R² = 0.9997), suggesting a chemisorption-controlled process. The Freundlich isotherm provided a better fit (R² = 0.9902), indicating multilayer adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces. XRD patterns showed no significant changes after adsorption, while the BET surface area decreased from 490.128 to 464.707 m²/g, suggesting partial pore blockage. These results demonstrate that GVS is a promising natural adsorbent for Pb(II) removal, although further studies on selectivity and regeneration are required for practical applications.
MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOCHAR–CHITOSAN COMPOSITES LOADED WITH NITROGEN AND Fe FOR SLOW-RELEASE FERTILIZER APPLICATIONS Martasiana Karbeka; Agnes Lema; Jublina Padalegi
Walisongo Journal of Chemistry Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Walisongo Journal of Chemistry
Publisher : Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/wjc.v9i1.31598

Abstract

Nutrient-use efficiency in agricultural fertilization remains very low because nitrogen is readily lost through leaching and volatilization. Biochar and chitosan can be used as nutrient-coating materials to modify nutrient-release rates and improve fertilization efficiency. This study evaluates the structural and elemental characteristics of chitosan–biochar slow-release fertilizers by comparing BCB@N and BCB@N/Fe composites. Particle size analysis showed an increase in average particle size from 430.18 ± 19.60 µm for BCB@N to 485.48 ± 62.64 µm for BCB@N/Fe. EDX data revealed high percentages of carbon and silica in BCB@N, confirming a porous framework, whereas BCB@N/Fe exhibited elevated oxygen and calcium levels, indicating the formation of Fe–chitosan complexes and the coprecipitation of Ca ions. TEM imaging confirmed that this chemical modification transformed the open internal microstructure of BCB@N into a significantly denser surface in BCB@N/Fe. Accordingly, the smaller particle size and open structure of BCB@N may facilitate faster water diffusion and earlier nutrient release, while the denser structure and larger particle size of BCB@N/Fe may provide a stronger barrier to water diffusion and support slower, more controlled nutrient release.
MOLECULAR DOCKING AND IN SILICO ANALYSIS OF PSIDIUM GUAJAVA L. LEAF METABOLITES AGAINST PfDHFR AND PfLDH: UNVEILING NEW ANTIMALARIAL CANDIDATES Nurcahyo Iman Prakoso; Apriyadi Pramana; Alyaa Natta Cherry Waluyo; Gani Purwiandono; Pinus Jumaryatno; Atina Ahdika
Walisongo Journal of Chemistry Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Walisongo Journal of Chemistry
Publisher : Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/wjc.v9i1.31732

Abstract

Resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to conventional antimalarial drugs has created an urgent need for new drug candidates. In this study, six bioactive compounds identified from guava (Psidium guajava L.) leaves, namely quercetin, guaijaverin, 3-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, petasitolone, hyptatic acid, and stigmastane-3,6-dione, were evaluated as potential inhibitors of PfDHFR and PfLDH using in silico approaches, including target identification and validation, molecular docking, binding pocket analysis, and ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity) prediction. Both enzymes were highly expressed during the ring stage, essential, non-redundant, and selective toward human homologs, supporting their suitability as antimalarial targets. Molecular docking against PfDHFR revealed that stigmastane-3,6-dione exhibited the strongest binding affinity (−10.4 kcal/mol), followed by guaijaverin (−9.6 kcal/mol) and quercetin (−8.7 kcal/mol), with stable interactions involving key active-site residues. Against PfLDH, quercetin and hyptatic acid showed the best binding affinity (−8.0 kcal/mol), followed by guaijaverin and stigmastane-3,6-dione (−7.7 kcal/mol). However, binding pocket analysis showed that only quercetin, guaijaverin, and petasitolone properly occupied the active binding pocket, whereas hyptatic acid and stigmastane-3,6-dione interacted outside the catalytic site. These findings indicate that quercetin, guaijaverin, and petasitolone may act through competitive inhibition. Molecular dynamics simulation (20 ns) was subsequently performed on selected protein–ligand complexes, in which quercetin and stigmastane-3,6-dione were selected as representative top ligands, while chloroquine was included as a positive control. RMSD, RMSF, and ligand movement analyses demonstrated that quercetin exhibited greater stability in PfLDH than chloroquine. Overall, this study identifies quercetin, guaijaverin, petasitolone, and stigmastane-3,6-dione as promising antimalarial candidates, supported by ADMET predictions showing favorable pharmacokinetic properties and providing a strong rationale for further in vitro and in vivo evaluation.
PERFORMANCE OF FECL₃ AND CHIA SEED (SALVIA HISPANICA L.) AS A COAGULANT–FLOCCULANT COMBINATION FOR REMAZOL RED DYE REMOVAL Fadhila Nita Anugraheni; Qonitah Fardiyah; Barlah Rumhayati
Walisongo Journal of Chemistry Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Walisongo Journal of Chemistry
Publisher : Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/wjc.v9i1.31877

Abstract

Textile dye wastewater contains persistent and potentially carcinogenic pollutants that threaten aquatic ecosystems. This study applied a coagulation–flocculation technique to evaluate the treatment efficiency of FeCl₃ as a synthetic coagulant combined with a natural flocculant derived from chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) for the removal of Remazol Red dye. Operational parameters, including pH, initial dye concentration, and coagulation stirring speed, were varied to assess treatment effectiveness. The results showed that the addition of chia seed flocculant significantly increased dye removal efficiency, reaching 99.01% under the optimum conditions of pH 5, an initial dye concentration of 50 mg/L, and a stirring speed of 700 rpm. The percentage removal of Remazol Red dye was determined using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, while a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis was used to identify the functional groups present in the resulting flocs. The FTIR results confirmed the proposed mechanism, suggesting that FeCl₃ facilitated charge neutralization and subsequently promoted a polymer-bridging mechanism through natural chia seed polymers. This combined system provides a highly efficient and environmentally friendly alternative for textile wastewater treatment, thereby reducing dependence on purely synthetic chemicals.
EFFICIENT CONVERSION OF FURFURYL ALCOHOL TO ETHYL LEVULINATE AND FURFURYL ETHYL ETHER USING COPPER(II) TUNGSTATE CATALYSTS Husni Wahyu Wijaya; Rima Prastianti Putri; Ubed Sonai Fahruddin Arrozi
Walisongo Journal of Chemistry Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Walisongo Journal of Chemistry
Publisher : Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/wjc.v9i1.31931

Abstract

Furfuryl alcohol (FFA), a biomass-derived platform compound widely used in polymer synthesis, has considerable potential as a precursor for producing furfuryl ethyl ether (FEE) and ethyl levulinate (EL), which are high-value industrial solvents and fuel additives. Their commercial production requires an active, stable, and inexpensive catalyst. In this study, CuWO₄ catalysts calcined at different temperatures (CuWO₄-TC, CuWO₄-350, CuWO₄-500, and CuWO₄-650) were synthesized and structurally characterized using powder XRD, FTIR, and SEM-EDX. The catalytic performance of these catalysts in FFA alcoholysis using ethanol as the hydrogen donor was systematically investigated, and the products were analyzed using GC-FID and GC-MS. Among the catalysts, CuWO₄-TC exhibited 100% FFA conversion and a 99% EL yield at 160°C for 6 h. The catalytic activity of CuWO₄-350 was significantly influenced by temperature and reaction time, with 100% FFA conversion, 2% FEE yield, and 98% EL yield achieved at 180°C for 6 h. These results demonstrate the high efficiency of CuWO₄ catalysts for the selective conversion of FFA, offering a promising route for sustainable biomass valorization.
OPTIMIZATION OF REACTION TIME IN THE TRANSESTERIFICATION OF DISTILLED-WATER-WASHED USED COOKING OIL INTO FATTY ACID METHYL ESTERS Talitha Fitra Firdhausya; Yulfi Zetra; R. Y. Perry Burhan; Rizka Berliana Putri; Yunita Alfiyati Firdausa
Walisongo Journal of Chemistry Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Walisongo Journal of Chemistry
Publisher : Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/wjc.v9i1.31966

Abstract

Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) is an alternative to fossil diesel fuel that can be synthesized from used cooking oil (UCO). UCO requires pretreatment before it can be used for FAME synthesis because of its high acid value. Pretreatment of UCO using distilled-water washing reduced the acid value from 11.80 mg KOH/g to 3.49 mg KOH/g. The treated UCO was reacted with methanol through transesterification at reaction times of 90, 120, 150, and 180 min to produce FAME. The acid value decreased with increasing reaction time, from 1.57 mg KOH/g at 90 min to 0.97 mg KOH/g at 120 min and 0.43 mg KOH/g at 150 min. However, the acid value increased again at 180 min to 1.10 mg KOH/g, which was attributed to the reversible nature of the reaction. The FAME sample with the lowest acid value was analyzed using GC–MS, and five methyl esters were identified: methyl myristate (2.86%), methyl palmitate (65.88%), methyl oleate (19.25%), methyl stearate (10.85%), and methyl arachidate (0.10%), along with other compounds (1.06%). FAME synthesized from UCO pretreated by distilled-water washing has the potential to reduce large-scale FAME production costs because the distilled-water washing process is highly economical.
PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE METHANOL EXTRACT OF RHODODENDRON RENSCHIANUM FLOWERS, ENDEMIC TO KELIMUTU NATIONAL PARK, INDONESIA, USING UV–VIS SPECTROPHOTOMETRY Damiana Nofita Birhi; Faustina De Yesu Prisila Abi; Antonia Fransiska Laka; Ni Putu Vidya Primarista
Walisongo Journal of Chemistry Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Walisongo Journal of Chemistry
Publisher : Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/wjc.v9i1.32005

Abstract

Rhododendron renschianum is an endemic Indonesian species characterized by bell-shaped flowers with bright red petals and a yellowish base. This study aimed to document the presence of and quantify major phytochemical groups in the methanolic extract of R. renschianum flowers. Phytochemical screening yielded positive results for triterpenoids, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and quinones. However, quantitative analysis using UV–Vis spectrophotometry indicated an apparent triterpenoid content of 2685.48 ± 123.49 mg UA/g, highlighting a limitation of UV–Vis analysis for investigating reactive compounds such as triterpenoids. The remaining compounds, in ascending order of content, were flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and quinones, with values of 5.98 ± 0.70 mg QE/g, 90.09 ± 67.09 mg CAF/g, 109.24 ± 1.44 mg TA/g, and 130.93 ± 30.19 mg HQ/g, respectively. These findings add to the baseline data for the initial investigation of the secondary metabolite content of this endemic species and provide a preliminary basis for further pharmacological research.

Page 23 of 23 | Total Record : 227

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