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JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH
Published by Smart Education
ISSN : 26154307     EISSN : 26153262     DOI : -
Core Subject : Economy, Science, Education, Social,
Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Social Sciences
Journal of Science and Social Research is accepts research works from academicians in their respective expertise of studies. Journal of Science and Social Research is platform to disclose the research abilities and promote quality and excellence of young researchers and experienced thoughts towards Change for Development. The journal releases on February and July.
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Articles 3,645 Documents
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MANAJEMEN ZAKAT DI NEGARA MESIR Ayna Azzahra; Maryam Batubara
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Smart Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54314/jssr.v9i2.6040

Abstract

Abstract: This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the zakat management system in Egypt, focusing on its institutional structure as well as the mechanisms of zakat collection and distribution as an important instrument in Islamic social finance to support social welfare and reduce economic inequality. The research uses a literature study method with a Systematic Literature Review approach, drawing data from scientific journals, academic books, and official documents to ensure a comprehensive and reliable analysis. The results show that zakat in Egypt is voluntary and not mandated by the state, yet its management remains relatively well-organized through formal institutions such as Islamic banks, charitable organizations, and community-based social institutions, creating a balance between accountability and flexibility in its distribution. The potential of zakat in Egypt is quite significant, reaching approximately one percent of the gross domestic product, indicating its strategic role in supporting socio-economic development; however, its utilization has not been fully optimized, particularly in reducing poverty and addressing income inequality. This limitation is influenced by several factors, including weak coordination among institutions, differences in governance standards, and limited integration with national development policies, thus highlighting the need for stronger coordination, improved regulatory frameworks, and enhanced policy support to ensure that zakat can function more effectively and sustainably in promoting socio-economic development in Egypt.   Keywords: Zakat, Zakat Management, Egypt, Social Welfare, Poverty, Institutional System.   Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan analisis komprehensif mengenai sistem manajemen zakat di Mesir dengan fokus pada struktur kelembagaan serta mekanisme pengumpulan dan distribusi zakat sebagai instrumen penting dalam keuangan sosial Islam untuk mendukung kesejahteraan masyarakat dan mengurangi ketimpangan ekonomi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka dengan pendekatan Systematic Literature Review dengan sumber data yang berasal dari jurnal ilmiah, buku akademik, dan dokumen resmi guna memastikan analisis yang komprehensif dan dapat dipercaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa zakat di Mesir bersifat sukarela dan tidak diwajibkan oleh negara, namun pengelolaannya tetap terorganisasi dengan baik melalui lembaga formal seperti bank Islam, organisasi filantropi, dan lembaga sosial berbasis masyarakat sehingga menciptakan keseimbangan antara akuntabilitas dan fleksibilitas dalam penyalurannya. Potensi zakat di Mesir tergolong besar dengan capaian sekitar satu persen dari produk domestik bruto, yang menunjukkan peran strategisnya dalam mendukung pembangunan sosial ekonomi; namun demikian, pemanfaatannya belum sepenuhnya optimal, terutama dalam mengurangi kemiskinan dan mengatasi ketimpangan pendapatan. Keterbatasan ini dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor seperti lemahnya koordinasi antar lembaga, perbedaan standar tata kelola, serta rendahnya integrasi dengan kebijakan pembangunan nasional, sehingga diperlukan peningkatan koordinasi, penguatan kerangka regulasi, dan dukungan kebijakan yang lebih optimal agar zakat dapat berfungsi secara lebih efektif dan berkelanjutan dalam mendorong pembangunan sosial ekonomi di Mesir.   Kata Kunci: Manajemen Zakat, Kesejahteraan Sosial, Kemiskinan, Sistem Institutional, Zakat
ANALISIS FENOMENA PENGOPLOSAN PERTAMAX : STUDI KUALITATIF TENTANG DAMPAK DAN PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN Ayna Azzahra; Maryam Batubara
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Smart Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54314/jssr.v9i2.6042

Abstract

Abstract: This study aims to comprehensively analyze the phenomenon of Pertamax fuel adulteration in Indonesia and examine its impacts on consumers and the national economy. This issue is considered critical as it is directly related to energy quality, consumer protection, and public trust in the fuel distribution system. The research employs a literature study method with a qualitative approach through a Systematic Literature Review, drawing on various scientific sources, official reports, and relevant regulations to obtain a thorough and in-depth understanding. The findings indicate that fuel adulteration practices are carried out in an organized and systematic manner by exploiting weaknesses in the energy distribution and monitoring system, making them difficult to detect. The impacts are not only financial losses for consumers due to reduced fuel quality but also negative effects on vehicle performance and increased maintenance costs. Furthermore, these practices lead to a decline in public trust in national energy institutions and cause significant economic losses to the state due to distribution distortions and potential subsidy leakage. In addition, fuel adulteration constitutes a violation of consumer rights, particularly the right to accurate information and proper product quality. Therefore, strategic measures are required, including strengthening regulations, improving distribution monitoring systems.   Keywords: Fuel Adulteration Pertamax, Consumer Protection, Public Trust, Energy Governance, Distribution Monitoring   Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara komprehensif fenomena pengoplosan BBM Pertamax di Indonesia serta mengkaji dampak yang ditimbulkannya terhadap konsumen dan perekonomian nasional. Fenomena ini menjadi isu krusial karena berkaitan langsung dengan kualitas energi, perlindungan konsumen, serta kepercayaan publik terhadap sistem distribusi bahan bakar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka dengan pendekatan kualitatif melalui Systematic Literature Review yang mengacu pada berbagai sumber ilmiah, laporan resmi, serta regulasi terkait guna memperoleh gambaran yang menyeluruh dan mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik pengoplosan BBM dilakukan secara terorganisir dan sistematis dengan memanfaatkan celah dalam sistem pengawasan dan distribusi energi, sehingga sulit terdeteksi secara langsung. Dampak yang ditimbulkan tidak hanya berupa kerugian finansial bagi konsumen akibat kualitas bahan bakar yang menurun, tetapi juga berdampak pada performa kendaraan serta meningkatkan biaya perawatan. Selain itu, praktik ini turut menyebabkan penurunan kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap institusi energi nasional dan menimbulkan kerugian ekonomi negara dalam skala besar akibat distorsi distribusi dan potensi kebocoran subsidi. Lebih lanjut, pengoplosan BBM juga merupakan pelanggaran terhadap hak konsumen, khususnya terkait hak atas informasi yang benar dan jaminan kualitas produk yang layak. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan langkah strategis berupa penguatan regulasi, peningkatan sistem pengawasan distribusi, pemanfaatan teknologi dalam monitoring.   Kata Kunci: Pengoplosan BBM Pertamax, Perlindungan Konsumen, Kepercayaan Publik, Tata Kelola Energi, Pengawasan Distribusi
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN SISTEM ZAKAT DI QATAR DAN INDONESIA: PERSPEKTIF REGULASI, PENGELOLAAN, DAN DISTRIBUSI Dita Aidila Syaharani Nasution; Maryam Batubara
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Smart Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54314/jssr.v9i2.6043

Abstract

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the impact of digital economic development on the competitiveness of micro, small, and medium enterprises in Indonesia. The focus of the study includes identifying supporting and inhibiting factors in digital economic development that affect the competitiveness of micro, small, and medium enterprises, as well as providing practical policy recommendations for the government and related parties. The research method used is a literature review, which synthesizes findings from scientific journals, government reports, and related research to provide an in-depth overview of this topic, as well as to explore research gaps related to the specific influence of the digital economy on the competitiveness of micro, small, and medium enterprises in Indonesia. The results of the study show that the digital economy provides great opportunities for micro, small, and medium enterprises, such as wider market access, increased operational efficiency, and export capabilities, but faces major challenges such as the digital divide, high technology costs, and a lack of digital literacy. The main supporting factors include the Proudly Made in Indonesia National Movement program, while inhibiting factors such as difficulties in accessing technology and capital remain major obstacles. The study concludes that although the digital economy has great potential, the challenges faced by micro, small, and medium enterprises require the active role of the government in optimizing digitization policies and reducing the digital divide. Practical policy recommendations include digital training, technology incentives, and increased access to capital to support micro, small, and medium enterprises in adapting to the digital economy.   Keywords: Zakat Management, Institutional Framework, Distribution Effectiveness, Islamic Philanthropy, Public Policy   Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan membandingkan sistem zakat di Qatar dan Indonesia dari aspek regulasi, kelembagaan, mekanisme pengelolaan, dan efektivitas distribusinya terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat. Qatar sebagai negara berpendapatan tinggi dengan sistem zakat yang terintegrasi dalam kebijakan sosial negara, menunjukkan model filantropi Islam yang didukung penuh oleh pemerintah dan lembaga resmi seperti Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs serta Qatar Charity. Sementara itu, Indonesia menerapkan sistem zakat dengan dualisme kelembagaan melalui Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNAS) dan Lembaga Amil Zakat (LAZ) yang berperan penting dalam memberdayakan masyarakat miskin. Metode penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan komparatif, menggunakan sumber data sekunder dari laporan resmi lembaga zakat, jurnal akademik, dan peraturan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem zakat di Qatar lebih terpusat dan terintegrasi dengan kebijakan negara, sementara di Indonesia lebih partisipatif dan berbasis masyarakat. Namun, tingkat efektivitas penyaluran zakat di Indonesia masih menghadapi tantangan dalam aspek transparansi, digitalisasi, dan pemerataan distribusi. Kajian ini merekomendasikan sinergi antara model Qatar yang terpusat dan model Indonesia   Kata Kunci: Manajemen  Zakat,   Kerangka  Kelembagaan,   Efektivitas   Distribusi, Filantropi Islam, Kebijakan Publik
PARADOKS EKSPOR BIOMASSA: KEHILANGAN HUTAN, BERTAHANNYA TAMBANG BATUBARA, DAN KETIDAKBERUBAHAN KARBON Dita Aidila Syaharani Nasution; Maryam Batubara
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Smart Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54314/jssr.v9i2.6045

Abstract

Abstract: The global energy transition has driven increased use of biomass as a renewable energy source, particularly in the form of wood pellets traded across countries. Indonesia, with its vast tropical forest resources, is positioned as one of the world’s major biomass suppliers. However, several policy paradoxes emerge. The rise in biomass exports occurs alongside the continued dominance of coal in the national energy mix, ongoing forest degradation, and increasing vulnerability to ecological disasters such as floods, as seen in Aceh and other regions of Sumatra. This article aims to analyze the paradox of biomass exports in Indonesia by linking the dynamics of renewable energy trade, forest sector sustainability, coal dominance, and their implications for carbon emissions and hydrometeorological disaster risks. The study uses a qualitative approach through literature review and policy analysis of the energy and forestry sectors. The findings indicate that without strict biomass governance and integrated energy–environment policies, biomass exports risk creating an illusion of a global energy transition. Importing countries benefit from statistical emission reductions, while Indonesia bears the ecological burden in the form of deforestation, watershed degradation, and increased flood risk. This study emphasizes that biomass cannot be viewed as a single climate solution and is expected to contribute academically and inform policy strategies for energy transition.   Keywords: Biomassa, Coal, Deforestation, Flooding, Carbon Emissions, Energy Transition.   Abstrak: Transisi energi global mendorong peningkatan pemanfaatan biomassa sebagai sumber energi terbarukan, khususnya dalam bentuk pelet kayu yang diperdagangkan lintas negara. Indonesia, dengan kekayaan sumber daya hutan tropis, diposisikan sebagai salah satu pemasok utama biomassa dunia. Namun, ada beberapa paradoks kebijakan. Peningkatan ekspor biomassa berlangsung bersamaan dengan bertahannya dominasi batubara dalam bauran energi nasional, degradasi hutan, serta meningkatnya kerentanan wilayah terhadap bencana ekologis seperti banjir, sebagaimana tercermin dalam kasus banjir di Aceh dan wilayah Sumatera lainnya. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis paradoks ekspor biomassa di Indonesia dengan mengaitkan dinamika perdagangan energi terbarukan, keberlanjutan sektor kehutanan, dominasi batubara, dan implikasinya terhadap emisi karbon serta risiko bencana hidrometeorologi . Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui studi literatur dan analisis kebijakan terhadap sektor energi dan kehutanan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa tanpa tata kelola biomassa yang ketat dan integrasi kebijakan energi lingkungan, ekspor biomassa berpotensi menciptakan ilusi transisi energi global. Negara pengimpor memperoleh manfaat statistik pengurangan emisi, sementara Indonesia menanggung beban ekologis berupa deforestasi, kerusakan daerah aliran sungai, dan meningkatnya risiko banjir. Studi ini menegaskan bahwa biomassa tidak dapat dipandang sebagai solusi iklim tunggal dan diharapkan dapat menjadi kontribusi akademik dan rujukan kebijakan dalam merumuskan strategi transisi energi.   Kata Kunci: Biomassa, Batubara, Deforestasi, Banjir, Emisi Karbon, Transisi Energi.
MODEL MANAJEMEN ZAKAT DI ARAB SAUDI: AKUNTABILITAS, TRANSPARANSI, DAN DAMPAK SOSIAL EKONOMI Hasan Rahman Nasution; Maryam Batubara
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Smart Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54314/jssr.v9i2.6047

Abstract

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the zakat management model implemented in Saudi Arabia, examine the application of accountability and transparency principles in the process of collecting, managing, and distributing zakat, and assess the socioeconomic impact on community welfare and poverty alleviation. The method used is a literature review, which involves analyzing scientific publications, journals, and related reports to develop a solid conceptual framework. The main findings show that the zakat management model in Saudi Arabia, which is managed by the Zakat, Tax, and Customs Authority (ZATCA), implements a centralized and integrated system with the support of digital technology, layered audits, and the separation of fund collection and distribution. The implementation of accountability through internal-external audit mechanisms and transparency via blockchain and public dashboards has increased efficiency, public trust, and muzakki participation. The socioeconomic impact includes a reduction in poverty rates, the empowerment of mustahik through productive programs, and contributions to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the fields of education and health. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the effectiveness of the Saudi Arabian model as a reference for other countries in optimizing zakat as an instrument of social justice. Recommendations include empirical field studies and comparative analysis to deepen understanding of microeconomic impacts. This study contributes to the literature by filling the knowledge gap on the holistic evaluation of national zakat governance in the era of digitalization   Keywords: Zakat Saudi Arabia, Accountability, Transparency, Socioeconomic Impact   Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis model manajemen zakat yang diterapkan di Arab Saudi, mengkaji penerapan prinsip akuntabilitas dan transparansi dalam proses pengumpulan, pengelolaan, serta pendistribusian zakat, serta menilai dampak sosial ekonomi terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat dan pengentasan kemiskinan. Metode yang digunakan adalah literature review, yang melibatkan analisis terhadap publikasi ilmiah, jurnal, dan laporan terkait untuk menyusun kerangka konseptual yang kokoh. Temuan utama menunjukkan bahwa model manajemen zakat di Arab Saudi, yang dikelola oleh Zakat, Tax, dan Customs Authority (ZATCA), menerapkan sistem terpusat dan terintegrasi dengan dukungan teknologi digital, audit berlapis, serta pemisahan penghimpunan dan pendistribusian dana. Penerapan akuntabilitas melalui mekanisme audit internal-eksternal dan transparansi via blockchain serta dashboard publik telah meningkatkan efisiensi, kepercayaan masyarakat, dan partisipasi muzakki. Dampak sosial ekonomi mencakup penurunan angka kemiskinan, pemberdayaan mustahik melalui program produktif, serta kontribusi terhadap pencapaian Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) di bidang pendidikan dan kesehatan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menekankan efektivitas model Arab Saudi sebagai referensi bagi negara lain dalam mengoptimalkan zakat sebagai instrumen keadilan sosial. Rekomendasi meliputi studi empiris lapangan dan analisis komparatif untuk memperdalam pemahaman dampak mikro-ekonomi. Penelitian ini berkontribusi terhadap literatur dengan mengisi gap pengetahuan tentang evaluasi holistik tata kelola zakat nasional dalam era digitalisasi.   Kata Kunci: Zakat, Arab Saudi, Akuntabilitas, Transparansi, Dampak Sosial Ekonomi
PENGARUH PERKEMBANGAN EKONOMI DIGITAL TERHADAP DAYA SAING UMKM DI INDONESIA Hasan Rahman Nasution; Maryam Batubara
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Smart Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54314/jssr.v9i2.6048

Abstract

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the impact of digital economic development on the competitiveness of micro, small, and medium enterprises in Indonesia. The focus of the study includes identifying supporting and inhibiting factors in digital economic development that affect the competitiveness of micro, small, and medium enterprises, as well as providing practical policy recommendations for the government and related parties. The research method used is a literature review, which synthesizes findings from scientific journals, government reports, and related research to provide an in-depth overview of this topic, as well as to explore research gaps related to the specific influence of the digital economy on the competitiveness of micro, small, and medium enterprises in Indonesia. The results of the study show that the digital economy provides great opportunities for micro, small, and medium enterprises, such as wider market access, increased operational efficiency, and export capabilities, but faces major challenges such as the digital divide, high technology costs, and a lack of digital literacy. The main supporting factors include the Proudly Made in Indonesia National Movement program, while inhibiting factors such as difficulties in accessing technology and capital remain major obstacles. The study concludes that although the digital economy has great potential, the challenges faced by micro, small, and medium enterprises require the active role of the government in optimizing digitization policies and reducing the digital divide. Practical policy recommendations include digital training, technology incentives, and increased access to capital to support micro, small, and medium enterprises in adapting to the digital economy.   Keywords: Digital Economy, MSME Competitiveness, Digital Transformation, Indonesia, Policy Recommendations   Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan membandingkan sistem zakat di Qatar dan Indonesia dari aspek regulasi, kelembagaan, mekanisme pengelolaan, dan efektivitas distribusinya terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat. Qatar sebagai negara berpendapatan tinggi dengan sistem zakat yang terintegrasi dalam kebijakan sosial negara, menunjukkan model filantropi Islam yang didukung penuh oleh pemerintah dan lembaga resmi seperti Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs serta Qatar Charity. Sementara itu, Indonesia menerapkan sistem zakat dengan dualisme kelembagaan melalui Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNAS) dan Lembaga Amil Zakat (LAZ) yang berperan penting dalam memberdayakan masyarakat miskin. Metode penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan komparatif, menggunakan sumber data sekunder dari laporan resmi lembaga zakat, jurnal akademik, dan peraturan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem zakat di Qatar lebih terpusat dan terintegrasi dengan kebijakan negara, sementara di Indonesia lebih partisipatif dan berbasis masyarakat. Namun, tingkat efektivitas penyaluran zakat di Indonesia masih menghadapi tantangan dalam aspek transparansi, digitalisasi, dan pemerataan distribusi. Kajian ini merekomendasikan sinergi antara model Qatar yang terpusat dan model Indonesia yang berbasis partisipatif untuk menciptakan sistem zakat yang lebih adaptif dan inklusif di era ekonomi modern.   Kata Kunci: Ekonomi Digital, Daya Saing UMKM, Transformasi Digital Ekonomi, Indonesia, Rekomendasi Kebijakan
ZAKAT SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN REDISTRIBUSI EKONOMI DI NEGARA KUWAIT: STRUKTUR, KEPATUHAN, DAN DAMPAK SOSIAL EKONOMI Muhammad Hanafi Kadir; Maryam Batubara
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Smart Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54314/jssr.v9i2.6049

Abstract

Abstract: The role of zakat as an instrument of economic redistribution in Kuwait is examined with a focus on institutional structure, compliance levels, and socio-economic impacts. Despite the country’s high income from oil exports, income inequality remains a concern, as reflected in a Gini coefficient of 0.38 in 2022. The enactment of the Zakat Law in 2020 led to the establishment of the Kuwait Zakat Authority (KZA)  and the introduction of key reforms, including mandatory corporate zakat, an integrated digital platform, and the allocation of funds for healthcare, education, and food assistance. However, compliance with zakat obligations remains relatively low, particularly among corporations. Economic, socio-cultural, and institutional factors are identified as the main determinants of zakat compliance. Zakat has contributed to improving access to healthcare and education services, yet its impact on poverty reduction at the macro level remains limited. Based on these findings, several recommendations are proposed, including enhancing transparency, providing fiscal incentives for compliant entities, and integrating zakat and tax data systems to improve the overall efficiency and effectiveness of zakat management.   Keywords: Zakat, Kuwait, Islamic Economics, Economic Diversification, Zakat Policy Abstrak: Penelitian ini membahas peran zakat sebagai instrumen redistribusi ekonomi di negara Kuwait dengan fokus pada struktur kelembagaan tingkat kepatuhan dan dampak sosial ekonomi. Meskipun Kuwait memiliki pendapatan tinggi dari ekspor minyak, ketimpangan pendapatan masih menjadi perhatian, hal ini ditunjukkan pada hasil coefficient gini sebesar 0,38 pada tahun 2022. Zakat sebagai kewajiban dalam Islam memiliki potensi sebagai alat efektif untuk mengurangi ketimpangan. Sejak disahkannya Undang-Undang Zakat pada tahun 2020 yang membentuk Kuwait Zakat Authority (KZA)  negara ini memperkenalkan kebijakan baru seperti wajib zakat korporat platform digital terpadu dan alokasi dana untuk sektor kesehatan, pendidikan, serta bantuan pangan. Namun, kepatuhan terhadap kewajiban zakat masih rendah terutama di sektor korporat. Penelitian ini berfokus pada tiga faktor utama yang mempengaruhi kepatuhan zakat yaitu faktor ekonomi, sosial-budaya, dan institusional. Penelitian ini juga menganalisis kontribusi zakat terhadap pengurangan kemiskinan dan pembiayaan program sosial yang mendukung visi 2035 Kuwait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa zakat mampu meningkatkan akses layanan kesehatan dan pendidikan tetapi dampaknya terhadap pengentasan kemiskinan secara makro masih terbatas. Dari hasil analisis penelitian ini merekomendasikan peningkatan transparansi pemberian insentif fiskal bagi perusahaan yang patuh serta integrasi data antara sistem zakat dan pajak untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan efektivitas program zakat.   Kata Kunci: Zakat, Kuwait, Ekonomi Islam, Diversifikasi Ekonomi, Kebijakan Zakat
PERAN OLIGARKI DALAM PROYEK PANTAI INDAH INDAH KAPUK 2 (PIK 2) DAN KERUGIAN YANG DIALAMI NEGARA INDONESIA Muhammad Hanafi Kadir; Maryam Batubara
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Smart Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54314/jssr.v9i2.6050

Abstract

Abstract: This study examines the role of oligarchy in the Pantai Indah Kapuk 2 (PIK 2) project and the economic impacts arising from the mismatch between policy and its implementation in practice. PIK 2 is a large scale urban development project designed to increase regional revenue through property taxes and development contributions. However the planning and permitting processes are dominated by oligarchic networks that control a significant portion of the land and receive special permits as well as subsidized financing. The study finds that land rezoning increases market value in an artificial manner. Most of the gains are transferred to oligarchic landowners through low royalty mechanisms. In addition fiscal subsidies in the form of soft loans increase the fiscal burden on the state. By analyzing financing mechanisms rezoning practices and the resulting fiscal losses this study highlights the inconsistency between policy rhetoric on transparency and sustainability and the realities in practice. This condition leads to economic losses for the state and social impacts on surrounding communities. The study also provides policy recommendations to improve the management of PPP projects in Indonesia. These recommendations include reforming royalty mechanisms and implementing higher land value taxation.   Keywords: Oligarchy, Pantai Indah Kapuk 2, Fiscal Losses, Social and Economic Impacts, Infrastructure Projects Abstrak: Penelitian ini mengkaji peran oligarki dalam proyek Pantai Indah Kapuk 2 (PIK 2) serta dampak ekonomi yang timbul akibat ketidaksesuaian antara kebijakan dan praktik di lapangan. PIK 2 merupakan proyek pengembangan kawasan perkotaan berskala besar yang dirancang untuk meningkatkan pendapatan daerah melalui pajak properti dan kontribusi pembangunan. Namun proses perencanaan dan perizinan proyek ini didominasi oleh jaringan oligarki yang menguasai sebagian besar lahan serta memperoleh izin khusus dan pembiayaan bersubsidi. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi bahwa rezoning lahan meningkatkan nilai pasar tanah secara artifisial. Sebagian besar keuntungan tersebut dialihkan kepada pemilik oligarki melalui mekanisme royalti yang rendah. Selain itu subsidi fiskal dalam bentuk pinjaman lunak turut memperbesar beban fiskal negara. Melalui analisis terhadap mekanisme pembiayaan rezoning serta kerugian fiskal yang timbul penelitian ini menyoroti adanya ketidaksesuaian antara retorika kebijakan mengenai transparansi dan keberlanjutan dengan realitas di lapangan. Kondisi ini mengakibatkan kerugian ekonomi bagi negara serta dampak sosial bagi masyarakat sekitar. Penelitian ini juga memberikan rekomendasi kebijakan untuk memperbaiki pengelolaan proyek PPP di Indonesia. Rekomendasi tersebut mencakup reformasi mekanisme royalti dan penerapan pajak nilai tanah yang lebih tinggi.   Kata Kunci: Dampak Sosial dan Ekonomi, Kerugian Fiskal, Oligarki, Pantai Indah Kapuk 2, Proyek Infrastruktur
MANAJEMEN ZAKAT DI YORDANIA: SISTEM, KELEMBAGAAN, DAN DAMPAK SOSIAL EKONOMI Riski Sahyuri; Maryam Batubara
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Smart Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54314/jssr.v9i2.6051

Abstract

Abstract: This study aims to comprehensively analyze zakat management in Jordan by highlighting the institutional system, management mechanisms, and its impact on socio-economic conditions. The research adopts a qualitative approach using a literature review method based on secondary sources such as scientific journals, official reports, and academic literature. The findings indicate that zakat management in Jordan is semi-formal, as it operates within a government regulatory framework but is not fully mandatory, making its implementation largely dependent on individual awareness. Institutionally, zakat is managed by a national body in collaboration with local committees, creating synergy between the government and the community in the collection and distribution processes. In practice, zakat is not only distributed in a consumptive form to meet basic needs but is also developed through productive programs such as microfinance and skills training to enhance the economic independence of beneficiaries. This management has contributed to poverty reduction and improved social welfare, although it is not yet optimal. This is due to the underutilized potential of zakat collection and the distribution still being dominated by consumptive assistance. Therefore, stronger regulations, improved transparency, and innovative empowerment-based programs are needed to optimize the role of zakat as a social welfare instrument in Jordan.   Keywords: Zakat Management, Jordan, Institutional System, Social Impact, Poverty Reduction   Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara komprehensif manajemen zakat di Yordania dengan menyoroti sistem kelembagaan, mekanisme pengelolaan, serta dampaknya terhadap kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kepustakaan melalui berbagai sumber sekunder seperti jurnal ilmiah, laporan resmi, dan literatur akademik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan zakat di Yordania bersifat semi formal karena berada dalam kerangka regulasi pemerintah namun tidak sepenuhnya bersifat wajib, sehingga pelaksanaannya masih bergantung pada kesadaran individu. Secara kelembagaan, zakat dikelola oleh lembaga nasional yang bekerja sama dengan komite lokal, menciptakan sinergi antara pemerintah dan masyarakat dalam penghimpunan dan pendistribusian. Dalam implementasinya, zakat tidak hanya disalurkan dalam bentuk konsumtif untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dasar, tetapi juga dikembangkan melalui program produktif seperti pembiayaan usaha mikro dan pelatihan keterampilan guna meningkatkan kemandirian ekonomi mustahik. Pengelolaan zakat ini terbukti berkontribusi terhadap penurunan tingkat kemiskinan dan peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat, meskipun belum optimal. Hal ini disebabkan oleh potensi penghimpunan zakat yang belum dimaksimalkan serta distribusi yang masih didominasi bantuan konsumtif. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penguatan regulasi, peningkatan transparansi, serta inovasi program berbasis pemberdayaan ekonomi agar zakat dapat berfungsi lebih optimal sebagai instrumen kesejahteraan sosial di Yordania.   Kata Kunci: Manajemen Zakat, Yordania, Sistem Kelembagaan, Dampak Ssosial, Pengetasan Kemiskinan
PERAN PROGRAM MAKAN GIZI GRATIS DALAM MENDUKUNG KETAHANAN PANGAN NASIONAL Riski Sahyuri; Maryam Batubara
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Smart Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54314/jssr.v9i2.6052

Abstract

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the role of the Free Nutritious Meal Program in supporting national food security in Indonesia, which encompasses not only food availability but also access, nutritional quality, and the stability of community consumption. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach using the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method to identify key factors and determine strategic priorities in program implementation. Data were collected through interviews and questionnaires based on expert judgment, as well as documentation studies from various official sources. The results indicate that the program significantly contributes to improving access to nutritious food, particularly for vulnerable groups, strengthening local food supply chains through increased demand for domestic agricultural products, and promoting the empowerment of farmers and small and medium enterprises. In addition, the program plays an important role in maintaining food consumption stability, reducing the risk of food insecurity, and enhancing community welfare. However, its successful implementation is influenced by several key factors, including government policy consistency, budget availability, the quality of human resources, and the effectiveness of distribution and monitoring systems. Therefore, strong synergy among stakeholders is essential to ensure the sustainability and optimization of the program in supporting national food security in a sustainable manner.   Keywords: Programme MBG, Food Security, Analytic Network Process, Food Supply Chain, MSME Empowerment Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran Program Makan Bergizi Gratis dalam mendukung ketahanan pangan nasional di Indonesia, yang tidak hanya mencakup aspek ketersediaan pangan tetapi juga akses, kualitas gizi, dan stabilitas konsumsi masyarakat. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode Analytic Network Process (ANP) untuk mengidentifikasi faktor kunci serta menentukan prioritas strategi dalam implementasi program. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dan kuesioner berbasis expert judgement serta studi dokumentasi dari berbagai sumber resmi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program ini berkontribusi signifikan dalam meningkatkan akses terhadap pangan bergizi, khususnya bagi kelompok rentan, memperkuat rantai pasok pangan lokal melalui peningkatan permintaan produk domestik, serta mendorong pemberdayaan petani dan pelaku UMKM. Selain itu, program ini juga berperan dalam menjaga stabilitas konsumsi pangan, mengurangi risiko kerawanan pangan, dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Namun, keberhasilan implementasinya dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor utama seperti kebijakan pemerintah, ketersediaan anggaran, kualitas sumber daya manusia, serta efektivitas sistem distribusi dan pengawasan, sehingga diperlukan sinergi yang kuat antar pemangku kepentingan untuk memastikan keberlanjutan dan optimalisasi program dalam mendukung ketahanan pangan nasional secara berkelanjutan.   Kata Kunci: Program MBG, Ketahanan Pangan, Analytic Network Process, Rantai Pasok Pangan, Pemberdayaan UMKM

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