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Contact Name
M. Nazir Salim
Contact Email
nazirsalim@stpn.ac.id
Phone
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Journal Mail Official
jurnal_bhumi@stpn.ac.id
Editorial Address
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Location
Kab. sleman,
Daerah istimewa yogyakarta
INDONESIA
BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan
ISSN : 24426954     EISSN : 25802151     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture, Social,
Bhumi is published twice a year in May and November. Bhumi focuses on the publication of articles result of researchs and book reviews that transcend disciplines, curiously on agrarian and land studies: geodesy, social, humaniora, history, economy, and law.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 228 Documents
Pesawat Udara Nir Awak (Uav) Untuk Penyediaan Data Spasial Bidang Tanah Di Kawasan Rawan Bencana Ardhi Arnanto; Estuning Tyas Wulan Mei; Dyah Rahmawati Hizbaron; Westi Utami
BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan Vol. 5 No. 2 (2019): Bhumi: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31292/jb.v5i2.377

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Abstract: The increased disaster events in the last ten years warns all stakeholders about potential hazards. Potential risk to land assets due to disaster affects the needs of fast and accurate land data that only 65% mapped. This study aims to establish an interpretation method and mapping of paddy field using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The research uses interpretation method by evidence convergence approach. The result shows that the value of accuracy above the tolerance value, 93.13% for landuse interpretation and 84,21% for land parcel booundary interpretation. It means that the small format aerial photography derived from drone can be used to provide quick and accurate spatial data on paddy field land parcel identification.Intisari: Peningkatan bencana dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir memberikan peringatan kepada semua pemangku kepentingan akan potensi bahaya. Potensi risiko terhadap aset-aset lahan yang disebabkan oleh dampak bencana membutuhkan ketersediaan data spasial lahan yang cepat dan akurat yang hingga saat ini baru terpetakan seluas 65%. Penelitian ini bertujuan membangun metode interpretasi dan memetakan bidang tanah sawah menggunakan unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode interpretasi visual dengan pendekatan konvergensi bukti. Hasil interpretasi menunjukkan nilai akurasi diatas nilai toleransi, 93,13% untuk interpretassi penggunaan lahan dan 84,21% untuk interpretasi batas bidang tanah. Hal ini berarti bahwa fotoudara format kecil yang dihasilkan dari pemotretan drone dapat digunakan untuk menghasilkan data spasial bidang tanah sawah secara cepat dan akurat. 
Implementasi Reforma Agraria Terhadap Pemenuhan Harapan Masyarakat Yang Bersengketa Lahan Sri Martini; Maiza Hazrina Ash-Shafikh; Nur Choirul Afif
BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan Vol. 5 No. 2 (2019): Bhumi: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31292/jb.v5i2.367

Abstract

Abstract: Agrarian reform policy in Indonesia has become a very important issue. Indonesia has tried to carry out agrarian reform by making various changes in laws and government policies. This is a descriptive research aiming to describe the phenomena occurring in the field as well as a verification research aiming to examine the effect of the implementation of agrarian reform on the positive response of affected community in Punggelan Village, Punggelan Subdistrict, Banjarnegara Regency, Central Java Province. The type of research is explanatory research that aims to explain the effect of the variable of agrarian reform strategy implementation on the response of the affected community. The data in this study was collected through distribution of 100 questionnaires to the affected community and interviews with officials from the National Land Agency office, the Chairperson of the farmers’ group, and the farmers working on disputed lands. The results showed that there was a positive and significant influence of agrarian reform on the response of the affected community. This means that agrarian reform was able to meet the needs and expectations of the affected community. Intisari: Kebijakan reforma agraria di Indonesia menjadi isu yang sangat penting. Indonesia sudah berusaha melakukan reforma agraria dengan melakukan berbagai perubahan perundang-undangan dan kebijakan pemerintah. Penelitian deskriptif ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan fenomena yang terjadi di lapangan dan verifikatif bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh implementasi reforma agraria terhadap responss positif masyarakat terdampak di Desa Punggelan, Kecamatan Punggelan, Banjarnegara–Jawa Tengah. Jenis Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksplanatori yang bertujuan menjelaskan pengaruh variabel implementasi strategi reforma agraria terhadap respons masyarakat terdampak. Pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini melalui penyebaran 100 kuesioner terhadap masyarakat terdampak dan wawancara kepada pejabat kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional, Ketua Kelompok petani dan petani penggarap lahan sengketa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan reforma agraria terhadap respons masyarakat terdampak. Artinya reforma agraria mampu memenuhi kebutuhan dan mendapatkan respons positif dari masyarakat yang bersengketa lahan.  
Kondisi Aktual Penguasaan Tanah Ulayat Di Maluku: Telaah Terhadap Gagasan Pendaftaran Tanahnya Oloan Sitorus
BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan Vol. 5 No. 2 (2019): Bhumi: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31292/jb.v5i2.373

Abstract

Abstract: What land registration concept is suitable for Tanah Ulayat (Petuanan Land)? This question is relevant to be answered when the actual conditions of tenurial of the Petuanan Land have undergone an individualization process. The above question is answered by applying the concept of land registration to the actual conditions of customary land tenure. For Petuanan Land which is still intact containing public authority and private right, the proper concept of land registration is only limited to the Land Register. Furthermor, Petuanan Land that has undergone the process of individualization into Tanah Marga or Soa and individual land, the concept of land registration can be carried out up to the issuance of certificates as proof of land rights. Thus, the portion of Petuanan Land that can be the object of Complete Systematic Land Registration in Maluku Province is Petuanan Land that has undergone a process of individualization, can be land that is possessed or owned  by traditional village (although very rare), clan or soa. Intisari: Pendaftaran Tanah yang bagaimanakah yang tepat bagi Tanah Ulayat (Tanah Petuanan) di Maluku? Pertanyaan ini dipandang relevan untuk dijawab ketika kondisi aktual penguasaan Tanah Ulayat (Tanah Petuanan) itu sudah mengalami proses individualisasi. Pertanyaan di atas dijawab dengan cara menerapkan konsep pendaftaran tanah terhadap kondisi aktual penguasaan tanah ulayat. Bagi Tanah Petuanan yang masih utuh berisi kewenangan publik dan privat, konsep pendaftaran tanah yang tepat hanyalah sebatas Daftar Tanah. Selanjutnya, Tanah Petuanan yang sudah mengalami proses individualisasi menjadi Tanah Marga atau Soa dan Tanah Individual, maka konsep pendaftaran tanah dapat dilakukan sampai pada penerbitan sertipikat sebagai bukti hak atas tanah. Dengan demikian, bagian dari Tanah Petuanan yang dapat menjadi objek Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematik Lengkap di Provinsi Maluku adalah Tanah Petuanan yang sudah mengalami proses individualisasi, dapat berupa tanah yang dikuasai oleh negeri (meskipun sangat jarang), tanah yang dikuasai marga atau soa, dan tanah yang dikuasai oleh perorangan.
Modernisasi Tanpa Pembangunan Dalam Proyek Food Estate Di Bulungan Dan Merauke Anggalih Bayu Muh. Kamin; Reza Altamaha
BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan Vol. 5 No. 2 (2019): Bhumi: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31292/jb.v5i2.368

Abstract

Abstract: Transmigration has been related to efforts to boost food productivity. During the New Order era, transmigration was promoted in order to create cheap labor on large government-owned plantations. After the New Order period, transmigration was once again made to support  food program initiated through food estate project. This study wants to explore the paradox of the process of modernization of large-scale agriculture through a food estate project which turned out causing negative impacts for transmigrant farmers and local residents. This research is a literature study carried out by searching research reports, government documents, journal articles, and news from various media concerning the implementation of food estate. Data analysis was carried out through several stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, verification and conclusion drawing. This study has discovered how the large-scale agricultural modernization projects in Merauke and Bulungan is not an effort to support food security, but merely a broad-scale agribusiness expansion. The implementation of transmigration, basically, only serves as a support to ease the agribusiness expansion that takes place in Merauke and Bulungan. This study has proven the condition of food insecurity that must be faced by transmigrant farmers & local residents affected by the project. Intisari: Transmigrasi selama ini terkait dengan upaya menggenjot produktivitas pangan. Pada masa Orde Baru, transmigrasi digalakkan dengan untuk menjadikan transmigran sebagai tenaga kerja murah di perkebunan besar milik pemerintah. Setelah masa Orde Baru berakhir, transmigrasi dijadikan lagi sebagai penopang program pangan dengan dicetuskannya proyek food estate. Kajian ini ingin mendalami paradoks dari proses modernisasi pertanian skala luas melalui proyek food estate yang justru menyebabkan dampak negatif bagi petani transmigran dan penduduk lokal. Penelitian ini merupakan studi literatur yang dilakukan dengan melakukan penelusuran terhadap laporan penelitian, dokumen pemerintahan, artikel jurnal, dan berita dari berbagai media yang terkait dengan pelaksanaan food estate. Analisis data dilakukan melalui beberapa tahapan, yakni reduksi data, penyajian data, verifikasi dan penarikan kesimpulan. Kajian ini telah menemukan bagaimana proyek modernisasi pertanian dalam skala luas di Merauke dan Bulungan bukanlah usaha menjaga ketahanan pangan, melainkan semata ekspansi agribisnis dalam skala luas. Penyelenggaraan transmigrasi pada dasarnya hanya menjadi penopang untuk memfasilitasi ekspansi agribisnis yang terjadi di Merauke dan Bulungan. Kajian ini telah membuktikan kondisi kerawanan pangan yang harus dihadapi petani transmigran & penduduk lokal terdampak proyek.  
Iregularitas Agraria “Tanah Timbul” (Aanslibbing) Dan Perubahan Lanskap Di Wilayah Pesisir Ujung Pangkah, Gresik Jawa Timur’ Yoppie Christian; M. Asyief Khasan Budiman; Achmad Fahrudin; Nyoto Santoso
BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan Vol. 5 No. 2 (2019): Bhumi: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31292/jb.v5i2.374

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Abstract: Until 2018, “aanslibbing” or channelbar at two coastal villages of Ujung Pangkah reached 4644,98 hectares with an average of 8-12 hectares per year increased. However, from satellite images, during the years of 2016-2018, this area declined by 115.87 hectares due to coastal abrasion.This research aims to analyze the landscape change and the occupation process of the channelbar until 2018 and identify the implication toward tenurial security and the sustainability of coastal environment of Ujung Pangkah, Gresik. The method used for the research were satellite image interpretation, groundcheck, and socio-juridical analysis related to social and juridical implication of the occupation of channelbar on two villages.  The research showed that the occupation of  channelbar in Ujung Pangkah implicated on two issues namely coastal landscape change including the loss of mangrove ecosystem due to pond extension and land conflict potential. In conclusion, the agrarian irregularity practice constitute an issue for the dynamic type of land existence like channelbar, therefore its tenurial security must be addressed as a priority issue for agrarian regulator in the region. Intisari: Hingga tahun 2018, “aanslibbing” atau “tanah timbul” di dua desa pesisir Ujung Pangkah mencapai 4644,98 hektar dengan rata-rata peningkatan luas lahan 8-12 hektar per tahun. Namun dari citra satelit pada periode 2016-2018 daerah ini mengalami penurunan luas hingga 115,87 hektar karena abrasi pantai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis proses perubahan lanskap dan penguasaan tanah timbul di Ujung Pangkah sampai tahun 2018 dan mengidentifikasi implikasinya terhadap keamanan tenurial dan keberlanjutan lingkungan pesisir di Ujung Pangkah, Gresik. Metode yang digunakan adalah interpretasi citra,groundcheck lahan dan analisis deskriptif sosiologis yuridis menyangkut implikasi-implikasi sosial dan hukum dari praktik penguasaan tanah timbul di dua desa tersebut. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa penggunaan “tanah timbul”di Ujung Pangkah berimplikasi pada dua hal, yaitu perubahan lanskap pantai termasuk hilangnya ekosistem mangrove untuk perluasan tambak, dan potensi konflik pertanahan maupun konsentrasi lahan.Sebagai kesimpulan,praktik iregularitas agraria merupakan satu masalah bagi jenis lahan yang eksistensinya dinamis seperti tanah timbul, maka kepastian tenurialnya harus mendapatkan prioritas perhatian oleh regulator pertanahan di daerah. 
Design and Development of Integration of Physical and Juridical Data Application in Complete Systematic Land Registration Activities Abinowo Abinowo; Bambang Suyudi; Wahyuni Wahyuni
BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan Vol. 5 No. 3 (2019): Bhumi: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan (Special Edition)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31292/jb.v5i3.392

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Collection of physical data and juridical data should be carried out together and simultaneously to reduce the potential for errors in identifying land divisions. The incomparable amount between the physical task force and the juridical task force causes the achievement of the juridical task force to be slower compared tothat of the physical task force. The complete systematic land registration target is increasing year by year and the progress of information technology is a potential solution to overcome the problems of physical data and juridical data integration. This study aims to design applications to speed up physical and juridical data connections, test the feasibility of external factors and the quality of use of ISO-9126. The study method used in the application design integration of physical data and juridical data is the research and development method. It was conducted by testing the results of the user evaluation test questionnaire processing on the external factor of feasibility test ISO-9126 and quality in using ISO 9126 to 26 respondents. The results of this study show that the application design has several stages including (1) planning, (2) design, (3) application construction, and (4)application implementation. Integration of physical and juridical data can be done by uploading juridical data into the application. Then, when the physical task force is in the location of the land division and place a coordinate point in the middle of the land division oriented to satellite imagery, the midpoint of the landdivision is then combined with the measured land division. The feasibility test of the application design on the external factors ISO-9126 has a sufficient value, so that the application can continue to be developed. Meanwhile, the ISO-9126 quality in use test value is high.
Percepatan Pembenahan Data Bidang Tanah Kluster 4 melalui Survei Data Pertanahan I Gede Kusuma Artika; Westi Utami
BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan Vol. 6 No. 1 (2020): Bhumi: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31292/jb.v6i1.425

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Abstract: The Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) as a strategic program of the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning / National Land Agency (ATR/BPN) has problems. One of the problems is the identification related to data on land plots that are already certified (Cluster-4 / K-4) but not yet entered into the Geospatial Database of the Land Office (Geo-KKP). This study aims to accelerate the data collection of Cluster-4,so that land parcels data that has been certified are integrated into the Geo-KKP appropriately and correctly. The improvement method of the potential areas of Cluster-4 was carried out through a survey of land plots that had previously been certified by the Prona in Sifnana Village. Data analysis was carried out spatially through an analog map overlay along with the results of field surveys with Geo-KKP data to obtain spatially integrated land registration data. The results of the study show that land parcels mapping through land survey data is able to accelerate the process of identifying the K-4 and encourage the realization of a Complete Village. The acceleration of land parcels mapping through land survey data is also able to provide clarity on the unmapped land parcels data to support the planning of PTSL activities in 2020.Intisari: Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematik Lengkap (PTSL) sebagai program strategis Kementerian Agraria dan Tata Ruang/Badan Pertanahan Nasional (ATR/BPN) memiliki kendala salah satunya adalah identifikasi terkait dengan data bidang tanah yang sudah bersertipikat (Kluster-4/K-4), namun belum masuk ke dalam sistem basis data Geospasial Komputerisasi Kantor Pertanahan (Geo-KKP). Kajian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan percepatan pendataan potensi Kluster-4, sehingga bidang tanah yang telah bersertipikat terintegrasi dalam Geo-KKP secara tepat dan benar. Metode penyelesaian terhadap bidang-bidang potensi Kluster-4 ini dilakukan melalui survei terhadap bidang tanah yang sebelumnya telah dilakukan sertipikasi program Prona di Desa Sifnana. Analisis data dilakukan secara spasial melalui overlay terhadap peta-peta analog beserta hasil survei di lapangan dengan data Geo-KKP, sehingga diperoleh data spasial pendaftaran tanah yang terintegrasi secara utuh.  Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pemetaan bidang tanah melalui survei data pertanahan mampu mempercepat proses identifikasi potensi K-4 dan mampu mendorong terwujudnya Desa/Kelurahan Lengkap. Percepatan pemetaan bidang tanah melalui survei data pertanahan ini juga mampu memberikan kejelasan terhadap data spasial bidang-bidang tanah yang belum terpetakan, sehingga mampu memberikan basis data terhadap perencanaan kegiatan PTSL pada target tahun 2020 
Implementasi Asas Keterbukaan pada Pengadaan Tanah bagi Pembangunan untuk Kepentingan Umum: Antara Harapan dan Kenyataan Priyo Katon Prasetyo; Rosye Villanova Christine; Sudibyanung Sudibyanung
BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan Vol. 6 No. 1 (2020): Bhumi: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31292/jb.v6i1.421

Abstract

Abstract: Based on Law Number 2 of 2012 concerning Land Acquisition for Development in the Public Interest, the Openness Principle is one of the ten principles as the basis of the implementation of development. This principle is significant because its complex role can lead to conflicts and disputes. In this paper, discussions are divided into two parts: 1) how the implementation is expected to be applied according to the acquisition procedure in theory; and 2) the reality that occurs in the field. The first discussion was conducted by reviewing the applicable regulations and the methods or concepts of development of the openness principle. Meanwhile, the second discussion about the reality on the field was conducted by elaborating case studies regarding problems in land acquisition. The results of this study indicate that there are gaps in the implementation of the openness principle between theory and reality in regards of land scarcity, economic inequality, and information asymmetry among the involved parties. In conclusion, the implementation of the openness principle is significant with the role of information in land acquisition.Intisari: Berdasarkan Undang Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2012 tentang Pengadaan Tanah Bagi Pembangunan Untuk Kepentingan Umum, Asas Keterbukaan adalah salah satu dari sepuluh asas yang menjadi dasar pelaksanaannya. Asas ini menjadi signifikan karena perannya yang kompleks dapat menimbulkan konflik dan sengketa. Artikel ini akan membagi pembahasan menjadi dua bagian: pertama, bagaimana implementasi yang seharusnya diterapkan pada prosedur pengadaan secara harapan, dan kedua, membahas mengenai realita yang terjadi di lapangan. Secara harapan pembahasan dilakukan dengan melakukan library research atau studi terhadap peraturan yang berlaku dan metode-metode atau prinsip perkembangan dari asas keterbukaan. Realitas di lapangan akan dielaborasi dari studi kasus mengenai permasalahan dalam pengadaan tanah. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan ada gap dalam implementasi asas keterbukaan antara harapan dan realitas di lapangan yang bersumber dari kelangkaan sumber daya/tanah, ketimpangan ekonomi dan asimetri informasi di antara para pihak yang terlibat. Tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa implementasi asas keterbukaan signifikan dengan peran informasi dalam pengadaan tanah. 
The Impact of Dynamic Land-Use and Spatial Planning Policies on the Traditional Village and Architecture in Tourism Villages in Gianyar, Bali I Dewa Gede Agung Diasana Putra
BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan Vol. 5 No. 3 (2019): Bhumi: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan (Special Edition)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31292/jb.v5i3.388

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Tourism and community participation have transformed the physical setting of the traditional Balinese villages in various directions. Tourism village is an important type of spatial planning policies in Bali that focus on cultural tourism. In cultural tourism, the traditional villages including cultural and traditional practices of the people are the main resources of tourist activities. Therefore, the traditional village pattern and land use are signif icant in tourism development. Through integrating participatory rural appraisal (PRA) methods with land use and architectural-historical investigation, this paper explores and investigates the spatial pattern of land use transformation in tourism villages. The results indicate that tourism villages in Gianyar have experienced an expansion in both the horizontal and vertical dimensions, with increasing land intensity. This expansion was accompanied by the touristif ication process, with land use changing from addressing villagers’ needs to satisfying tourists’ demands. However, this paper states that the transformation is read as a pragmatic response to address new challenges in the community by interpreting the reconf iguration of the villages and houses.
Make the Cities Work: Some Stories of Smart City Initiatives Around the Globe Sukmo Pinuji; Wahyuni Wahyuni
BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan Vol. 5 No. 3 (2019): Bhumi: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan (Special Edition)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31292/jb.v5i3.393

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The concept of Smart City (SC) has been popular recently, and has been adopted by many cities in the world with various implementation and development. As the world most population now concentrates on urban area, a sustainable city planning and management become important. As the population keeps growing,pressure and tension on a city arise: space for living, waste management, traffic congestion, sufficient clean water resources, and other issues. Beginning in around 2009, the concept of SC was designed to solve problems related to city growth in a sustainable manner. By using technology, Internet of Things (IoT), and community participation, SC aims to make the city a livable place for its inhabitants, putting people as the center of interest and in quality of life in sustainable manners as ultimate goal. This paper aimed to deliver a study on the trend of SC adopted by two cities: Amsterdam and Jakarta. The study was conducted through literature review. The data were analyzed to compare the concept of SC in each city from different parameters, focusing on the developmentprocess, technological adoption, political and institutional arrangement and implementation. The results show that each city has specif ic strategy to implement SC, based on their economic, social, environment and demographic characteristics. It is also important to underline that the main concept of SC is to attract related stakeholders in taking charge of their roles for the success of SC. Furthermore, both cities has a sharing vision in putting environment as the main framework of the development of SC.