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INDONESIA
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)
Published by Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi
ISSN : 02169541     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Energy
Enerlink adalah jurnal yang diterbitkan 2 kali setahun oleh Pusat Teknologi Pengembangan Sumberdaya Energi dan Industri Kimia BPPT di bidang energi dan lingkungan. Enerlink is a scientific journal that publishes twice annually by Centre of Energy Technology and Chemical Industry of BPPT.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 322 Documents
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MOLECULAR COMPOSITION OF COAL LIQUID OIL CHARACTERIZED BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH ATOMIC EMMISION DETECTOR Yusnitati, Yusnitati; Murti, Sri Djangkung Sumbogo
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 6, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (341.103 KB)

Abstract

Heteroatom-containing species in the coal liquid oils (CLO) were identified andquantified by the aid of gas chromatography with atomic emission detector (GCAED).Four different CLOs from different rank coals, processes and cut pointswere investigated in the present study. Thiophene and its derivatives werefound to be the major sulfur compounds, pyridines and anilines, and phenolswere the major nitrogen and oxygen compounds, respectively in the oils ofboiling range < 300 ℃. An oil of boiling range (300 – 420℃) carried moredimethyldibenzothiophenes and benzoquinolines. The correlation between feedcoal and liquid product was discussed in terms of the compositions ofheteroatomic compounds.Kata kunci: coal liquid oil, heteroatomic compounds, GC-AED
RANCANGAN DASAR GASIFIER BATUBARA SIRKULASI UNGGUN MENGAMBANG UNTUK MEMBANGKITKAN LISTRIK 1 MW Tirtosoekotjo, Soedjoko; Rahardjo, Bambang Suwondo
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 7, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (847.582 KB)

Abstract

There are 3 choices in accommodating power station facility which have beeninstalled to fulfill standard regulation of environmental quality which progressivelytighten. Firstly, facility modification of pulverized–coal fired power plant byapplying a flue–gas desulfurisation technology throw away to cost moneyinstallation of tired which can 20% of total cost development of it. Secondly,modification system of coal fired power generation become natural gas combinedcycle (NGCC) can reach low emission, but fuel cost relatively high, so willinfluence the electricity generating cost. Third, modification system of electricgeneration which have been installed by utilizing a mechanism of coalgasification is most efficient and best alternative to yield an environmentalfriendly of electric generation combined cycle. In this paper, writer try to make abasic design of circulating fluidized–bed coal gasifier using clay catalist relatedon third choice which expected applicable in the next future to come replacepower station system which have ended a period as well as newly even if.Kata Kunci: gasifier batubara unggun mengambang, katalis tanah liat,pembangkit listrik
PROSES KATALITIK DISTILAT MINYAK BATUBARA BANKO SELATAN DENGAN HYDROTREATMENT SATU TAHAP DAN DUA TAHAP Murti, Sri Djangkung Sumbogo
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 4, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (292.972 KB) | DOI: 10.29122/elk.v4i1.1539

Abstract

Catalytic hydrotreatment of South Banko coal liquid (SBCL) distillates wasstudied through single and two-stage hydrotreatment over a commercialNiMo/Al2O3 catalyst. The hydrotreatment was conducted in an autoclave of 50 mlcapacity under the conditions of 360 ? 450 oC and 30 ? 120 min at initialhydrogen pressure of 10 MPa. The hydrotreatment reduced the contents of allhetero-atom species (S, N and O). sulfur species were easiest to be removedeven at low temperature of 360 oC. In contrast nitrogen species were mostrefractory. The higher temperature and more amount of catalyst enhanced thedenitrogenation reaction. The two-stage hydrotreatment was more effective forthe denitrogenation and deoxygenation because of the fresh hydrogen in thesecond stage and the combination of lower and higher reaction temperature ateach stage.Kata kunci: hydrotreatment katalitik, heteroatom, single and two stagehydrotreatment, katalis, desulfurisasi, denitrogenasi,deoksigenasi, GC-AED
EFEK INJEKSI UDARA DAN STEAM TERHADAP KUALITAS SYNGAS HASIL GASIFIKASI SEKAM PADI MENGGUNAKAN FIXED–BED GASIFIER Masfuri, Imron; Rahardjo, Bambang Suwondo
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 5, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (737.142 KB) | DOI: 10.29122/elk.v5i2.1571

Abstract

Biomass gasification is more benefit compared to direct combustion because ofmore flexibility gas product that can be directed use as combusted gas in gasengine power generation or chemical feedstocks as well as synthetic fuelbelongs to added market value. Since 2007, PT National Champignon (PTNatcham) in Wonosobo ? Central Java have been operating 1 (one) unit of fixed?bed updraft gasifier by rice?husk fuel feeding using air as gasification agent forit?s mushroom plant electricity needs through gas engine 400 kW. Fluctuation ofgasifictaion temperature in each of gasifier zones is affected by injectionpressures of air+steam, as well as opening valves of air and steam. The optimumsteam injection can only be carried?out at opening valve of steam 50% and airof 7/19 (volumetric ratio of steam/air = 0.6?0.7) with bottom temperatur ofgasifier, Tbottom = 650oC at pressure condition of 4,5 bar. Syngas with H2/COratio of 1,26? 1,71 have sufficient met the requirements of syngas quality forsynthesis process of Fischer?Tropsch to be processed futhermore for syntheticfuel producing.Kata kunci: sekam padi, gasifikasi, gas sintetis, Gas?To?Liquid, Fischer?Tropsch
ECONOMICS OF BROWN COAL LIQUEFACTION PROCESS FOR BANKO COAL Tamura, Masaaki; Artanto, Yuli; Silalahi, Lambok H
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 2, No 1 (2006)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (333.671 KB) | DOI: 10.29122/elk.v2i1.1530

Abstract

Tulisan ini mengenai ringkasan analisis keekonomian pabrik komersial pinoirpencairan batubara Banko yang dibangun di Sumatera Selatan. Pabrik komersialtersebut diasumsikan mempunyai kapasitas of 6,000 t/d, 12,000t/d and 30,000t/dcoal (daf). Sejak batubara Banko ditemukan mahal jika diangkut jarak jauhkarena kadar airnya dan sifat pembakaran spontan, lokasi pabrik darusditempatan di mulut tambang Banko Selatan (Tanjung Agung). Proses gasifikasientrained HYCOAL menggunakan batubara Banko diadopsi untuk pemabngkithydrogen. Produk minyak diangkut dengan dikapalkanmelalui rute pemipaanganda Tanjung Agung/Plaju (approx. 202 km) dan Tanjung Agung/Tanjung Api-Api(sekitar. 265 km). Total batubara Banko yang dibutuhkan pabrik 12,000 t/haritermasuk untuk gasifikasi dan boiler 39,500 ton/hari. Harga batubara diset dalam3 kategori yaitu US$11, US$12, and USD$13 per ton. Biaya konstruksi untukpabrik komersial 6.000, 12.000 and 30.000 ton/hari adalah berturut-turutUS$1.429juta, US$2.521juta, and US$5.385juta (1US$=120yen= Rp.9,500). .Analisa ekonomi berdasarkan metode DCF terhadap pabrik komersial 12,000 tonper hari menghasilkan produk minyak setara minyak mentah senilaiUS$ 22.5/bbl (FOB Plaju) and US$ 22.6/bbl (FOB Tanjung Api-Api) pada tahun2011, saat pabrik mulai beroperasi.Keywords: batubara Banko, HYCOAL, pencairan batubara
HASIL AUDIT ENERGI DI INDUSTRI TEKSTIL Hasan, Achmad
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 6, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (578.067 KB) | DOI: 10.29122/elk.v6i1.1562

Abstract

Energy audit is one way to plan for optimizing the supply and use of energyneeded by the industry. Portrait of the use of electrical energy used in textileindustry supplied from PT.PLN (Persero) with the power contract for 23000 kVAand POJ Power (Mini Hydro Power Plant, Jatiluhur) with installed capacity of5800 kVA. Especially for electric energy supplied from POJ Power, status ofelectricity continues to be a contract with the manager of POJ Power Jatiluhur.Based on the results of measurement of power quality with PQA Hioki 3197 is asdescribed in the previous section, it can be seen that: (a) Voltage magnitude atsome of the panel is high (about 250 V), (b) The power factor is very low, (c)Generally, voltage and current THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) is very high.Kata kunci: energi, listrik, penghematan, filter harmonik, faktor daya
ANALISIS KEUNGGULAN LIMONIT SOROAKO SEBAGAI KATALIS PENCAIRAN BATUBARA (DIRECT LIQUEFACTION) Hidayat, Herman; Silalahi, Lambok Hlarius
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 3, No 1 (2007)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (172.7 KB) | DOI: 10.29122/elk.v3i1.1553

Abstract

An investigation of catalytic activities of Soroako limonite ore using 1liter autoclavewas carried out. The comparison of the results with other iron catalysts forliquefaction of Banko coal was also performed to find out the best catalyst forBanko coal liquefaction. Much efforts to improve brown coal liquefaction processefficiency has been conducted at BPPT since 1994 through the design of highlyactive catalysts along with design of good hydrogen donor solvents. Someprevious studies have shown that limonite ore has several superior characteristicscompared to pyrite (FeS2) when used as catalyst in coal liquefaction process. Onemain reason is that limonite ore contains both iron and nickel compound asFeOOH, FeNi2OOH, FeCr2OOH that found to be responsible of high distillate.The use of natural ore for catalyst will implies that the production of industrialcatalyst for coal liquefaction could be obtained with low production cost. Theresults suggest that catalytic activity of Soroako limonite could be achieved at lowtemperature around 300 oC or less changing its crystallite form to pyrrhotite (Fe1-xS) species. Such phenomenon is similar to that of highly active Yandi Yellowcatalyst. Moreover, Soroako limonite catalyst also gives higher oil yield withsmaller amount of hydrogen consumption compare to pyrite and Yandi yellowcatalysts. So it concludes that Soroako limonite has high catalytic activity, and itssoft physical nature makes it possible to be pulverized into sub-micron particlesize easily and economically. Soroako limonite, therefore, can be recommendedas one of the most suitable catalysts for commercial coal liquefaction plant to beconstructed in the future.Kata kunci: coal liquefaction, soroako limonite, ?-FeOOH, pyrrhotite, limonitecatalyst
PENGUJIAN PENGGUNAAN SYNGAS HASIL GASIFIKASI BATUBARA SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR PADA GAS ENGINE Syafrinaldy, Ade
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 11, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (358.296 KB) | DOI: 10.29122/elk.v11i1.1585

Abstract

Kegiatan pengujian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui kemungkinan pemanfaatan syngas hasil produksi Pilot Plant Gasifikasi Batubara di Gresik, Jawa Timur sebagai bahan bakar generator listrik.  Sebagaimana diketahui syngas hasil dari proses gasifikasi batubara dapat dimanfaatkan secara langsung untuk pembangkit listrik dengan bantuan sebuah syngas generator set. Pilot Plant Gasifikasi Batubara yang telah dibangun di Gresik mempunyai gasifier berdiameter 1 m dengan kapasitas konsumsi batubara 150 kg/jam. Umpan sebesar itu diharapkan akan memberikan nilai kalor syngas sebesar 5300 kJ/Nm3 dan produksi syngas sebesar 390 m3/jam.Ini berarti tenaga listrik yang dihasilkan akan setara dengan 580 kW. Generator set yang digunakan dalam pengujian hanya mempunyai  kapasitas daya maksimal  sebesar 200 kWe. Pemilihan kapasitas generator set yang lebih kecil ini dilakukan dengan pertimbangan kemungkinan adanya derating pada power generator, kualitas umpan batubara, kualitas syngas yang dihasilkan, debit syngas dan juga pemakaian batubara hanya sepertiga dari kapasitas maksimum. Hasil yang didapat dari uji kinerja pilot plant menunjukkan bahwa syngas yang dihasilkan oleh gasifier sangatlah mungkin dijadikan sebagai bahan bakar pembangkit listrik. Pengujian pembebanan listrik hingga 72 kW dapat berjalan lancar tanpa fluktuasi voltase yang berlebihan. Syngas yang dihasilkan gasifier dapat memenuhi kriteria gas engine pada generator set, setelah melalui beberapa proses pembersihan, dan dapat dengan mudah memproduksi listrik. Dengan terpenuhinya kriteria bahan bakar gas engine ini maka secara keseluruhan pilot plant gasifikasi batubara dan gas engine dapatlah disebut sebagai Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Gasifikasi Batubara (PLTGB)
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN SULFUR PADA PROSES PENCAIRAN BATUBARA BANKO Hidayat, Herman; Adiarso, Adiarso
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 2, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (161.064 KB) | DOI: 10.29122/elk.v2i2.1521

Abstract

The effect of adding sulfur in Central Banko coal liquefaction is examined usingautoclave reactor with limonite catalyst from Soroako, at 450oC, H2 initialpressure = 9 Mpa, holding time = 60 minutes, and S/Fe ratio varies from 1, 2, 3dan 6. It is found that there is significant increase in distillates yield by 53,81% forthe increase of S/Fe ratio from 1 to 2, and at the same time CLB decreases from53,5% to 29,47%. This is because the amount of pyrrhotite for S/Fe ratio =2 ishigh and enough to promote cracking to convert coal to distillates or oil. For S/Feratio = 3, the increase of distillates or oil yield is not significant, so does for S/Fe= 6. This concludes that adding more sulfur in Central Banko coal liquefactionusing limonite catalyst from Soroako is not effective and therefore does notinfluence much to the oil yield. This is because the particle size and amount ofpyrrhotite already achieves equilibrium for S/Fe ratio = 2. The changing of S/Feratio does not give much effect to the yields of H2O, CO+CO2, C1~C4,andhydrogen consumption as well..Kata Kunci : limonit Soroako, rasio S/Fe,yield distilat, yield CLB, pirhotit, yieldH2O, yield CO+CO2, yield C1~C4, konsumsi gas hidrogen
PENINGKATAN PEROLEHAN MINYAK EFEK RESIKEL RESIDU PENCAIRAN BATUBARA Hanif, Muhammad
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 3, No 2 (2007)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (183.088 KB) | DOI: 10.29122/elk.v3i2.1544

Abstract

This paper presents the effect of recycle CLB (coal liquid bottom) on oil yieldfrom coal liquefaction process which contains of activated catalyst, organicresidue, and ash from coal. To recover activated catalyst from CLB is notextremely difficult but also very expensive. Therefore one possible way ofutilizing this activated catalyst and remaining convertible organic residue in CLBmore effectively is by recycling the CLB. As a result, the efficiency of coalliquefaction process can be improved significantly. Experiment using 1Lautoclave that's equipped with stirrer is conducted using Banko Coal at operatingtemperature of 450oC, initial hydrogen pressure of 12 MPa, and holding time 60min. Catalyst used in the experiment is medium grade limonite (MGL) fromSoroako with particle size less than 0.8 ?m and concentration of 3% mafc as Fe.Coal particle size is 200 mesh (74?m).The experiment result suggests that CLBaddition can increase the oil yield of coal liquefaction. Recycle (additional) CLB of50 and 70wt% mafc can increase the oil yield from 25,71wt% mafc to 51,83 and65,7wt% mafc respectively.Kata kunci: hidrogenasi, likuifaksi, katalis, limonit, Soroako, pencairan batubara,CLB, daur ulang

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