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TSAQAFAH
Published by Universitas Darussalam Gontor
ISSN : 14110334     EISSN : 24600008     DOI : -
Core Subject : Economy, Education, Social,
Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences
TSAQAFAH (pISSN: 1411-0334 | eISSN: 2460-0008) is journal of Islamic civilization published by University of Darussalam Gontor. It is semiannual journal published in May and November for the developing the scientific ethos. Editors accept scientific articles and result of research in accordance with its nature as a journal of Islamic Civilization, such as: Islamic Philosophy, Islam and Contemporary Issues, Religious Studies, Islamic Science, Islamic Economics, Islamic education, Qur’anic Studies, Islamic Law, and Islamic Ethics
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Articles 10 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 6 No. 2 (2010)" : 10 Documents clear
‘Transmigrasi Ilmu’: Dari Dunia Islam ke Eropa Syamsuddin Arif
TSAQAFAH Vol. 6 No. 2 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v6i2.117

Abstract

It has been a sad fact that whilst the ancient Greco-Roman civilization and the so-called Renaissance have always received high praise, the period in between, popularly known as the Dark Ages, is highly obscured or just ignored. These intermediating centuries are the missing link in the history of science and civilization, when most decisive scientific inventions were made, and the foundations of modern civilisation were laid, with scholarly, literary and scientific works in their thousands, artistic creativity, great architecture, huge libraries, hospitals, universities, mapping of the world, the discovery of the sky and its secrets, and much more. It was the time when al-Biruni, al-Khwarizmi, alIdrisi, al-Razi, Ibn Sina, Ibn al-Haytham, al-Ghazali, al-Jazari and other Muslim luminaries shone on the Dark Ages. This article aims to highlight the fact that the modern Western civilization owes much to the Muslims, who did not only inherit and preserve the ancient learning but modified and developed it. It is the Muslim legacy that paved the way for the revival and enlightenment of Europe in the 15th and subsequent centuries.
Kritik Fenomenologis Merleau-Ponty atas Filsafat Pengetahuan Mukhtasar Syamsuddin
TSAQAFAH Vol. 6 No. 2 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v6i2.118

Abstract

The main purpose of this article consists in investigating the phenomenological perspective used by Merleau-Ponty in evaluating critically the conception of knowledge. This investigation is aimed at finding a new path for understanding the essence of knowledge that is formulated by some philosophical mainstreams, such as naturalism and objectivism. Ponty’s phenomenological critique to the philosophy of knowledge is related to to the description of knowledge as a human condition, which makes the thinking of the knowledge problem possible. The phenomenological account that Ponty offers is that we experience ourselves, not as distinct ‘minds’ and ‘bodies’, but as unified persons who form intentions and act in the world, but can do so only because our bodies function mechanically in certain ways. As being poured in his work “the Structure of Behavior”, Ponty explained that the integration of matter, life and mind are obtained by reduction to a common denominator of physical form. This explanation emphasized that the Gestalists had misunderstood the ultimate implications of their own work, because they believed that the notion of structure can be thought within the naturalist ontology that subtended the thought of the atomists whom they had criticized.
Pengaruh Budaya dan AgamaTerhadap Sains Sebuah Survey Kritis Mohammad Muslih
TSAQAFAH Vol. 6 No. 2 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v6i2.119

Abstract

This article does a thorough investigation into the bases underlying the development of science. This critical investigation starts on scientism view of its objectivism and universalism, and its consequence on the resulted style and model of scientific structure. The critical investigation here is not merely on logical and sociological consequences on development of science, but also on logical mind behind those claims. In more detail, this article shows that development of science in not solely based on scientific logic and epistemology, but also on sociological-historical and anthropological bases. In addition, the recent development indicates the existence of theological basis. As the result, it advocates the view that science is human construction and then cannot be sterile from human elements and factors surrounding the process of science development such as subjectivity, various interests, ideology and beliefs of scientific community. Academically, this article contributes in showing the importance of philosophy of science studies to see critically the way of sciences viewing the reality as the object of study, and to explore its field limits.
Metode Penafsiran al-Qur’an M. Quraish Shihab Muhammad Iqbal
TSAQAFAH Vol. 6 No. 2 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v6i2.120

Abstract

Nowadays, M. Quraish Shihab is a well known authoritative intellectual (ulama) of Qur’anic Tafsir in Indonesia and even in South East Asia. Started from his early age, he consistently devotes his life for this field. As the result, all his scientific works are solely based on Quranic studies. From this intensity of works, Quraish then formulates a tafsir method considered relevant to nowadays context. This paper is aimed to explore the method used by Quraish Shihab in Quranic tafsir. His method in Quranic tafsir is mostly mawdhu’I, even though he has finished a complete tafsir book for 30 Quranic sections which is arranged in tahlili. In his maudhu’I interpretation, Quraish prefers an ijtima’I style of tafsir, and considers the importance of linguistic approach. The latter is considered important to make the interpreter not forcing his interpretation outside of linguistic meaning as it will lead to the exploitation of Al-Quran. This linguistic approach is then combined with a view that Al-Quran is a unity and cannot be separated. In addition, Quraish also emphasizes on proportionality (munasabah) between one verse to another and between one surah to another.
PerspektifInsider-Outsider dalam StudiAgama: Membaca Gagasan Kim Knott Sujiat Zubaidi Saleh
TSAQAFAH Vol. 6 No. 2 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v6i2.121

Abstract

This article contains a study of Kim Knott which gives a new offer in religious study. This is due to many universities store a number of constraints surrounding the study of religion. In addition, the occurrence of methodology stagnant in the students circumstance in applying explorative studies about religion. In this study, Knott tries to take eliminate the subjectivity element by aparting two basic problems; between emic perspective appeared from the studies of insider, and ethical perspective from outsider. In the end, Knott divides roles conceptions in empowering the social religious interconections into four elements; the pure participant, the observer as participant, the participant as observer, dan the pure observer. However, this pattern turns out to save a serious problem in the benchmark objectivity. Because the issue is whether the observer from outsider is excatly objective, reliable, and has scientific validity seen from the view of insider. In this regard, Knott tries to put both frameworks in the rapprochement method. This approach is an intersubjective solution to give a position of observer in the margin of appreciation as the border line between insider-outsider. With this approach, the religious study is expected will be more objective and distant from the subjectivity element.
Model Pendidikan TasawufWalisanga Perspektif Teori-Teori Pendidikan Sokhi Huda
TSAQAFAH Vol. 6 No. 2 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v6i2.122

Abstract

Kidung Walisanga is a collection of Indonesian cultural heritage famous with Dhandang Gendis/Dhandang Gula. Dhandang ghendis Kidung Artati was authored by Walisanga as a medium of education and Islamic call that emphasizes the cultural basis of people as the objects. This is a kind of tasawuf education that consists of three elements: (1) concept of human being life journey, (2) journey to a perfect life, and (3) achieved result. The first two elements are got by mediation medium to utilize a pure energy in reaching a psychological effect, i.e. a purified sole and peaceful heart. While the third, emphasizes on pragmatic uses such as self protection from dangers and possessing supernatural heirloom. From linguistic perspective, kidung emphasizes on sanepan (metaphor) style. While from art perspective, it has a creative, individualization, and harmonization elements. From philosophical perspective, it has axiological values emphasizing pragmatic uses in the world. Beside all of that, there is an important element of tasawuf which is not included in kidung, i.e. guide role. Kidung, finally, is walisanga’s cultural approach model in education and Islamic call which is primarily based on community cultural basis, thus, kidung nuance shows a style fcultural Islam.
Gharar dan Risiko dalam Transaksi Keuangan Sirajul Arifin
TSAQAFAH Vol. 6 No. 2 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v6i2.123

Abstract

Business transactions are not always valid and often having wrong appearance. Gharar which tends to reflect uncertainty and construct injustice is categorized as invalid transaction. When the gain is uncertain and profit or lose are biased for one party side, the risk is appearing. Each transaction containing win-lose element, win in one side and lose in another side, is invalid and leads to haram consumption. In the financial transaction, the existence of gharar and risk is mainly caused by imperfect information (jahalah), of course there are other factors, in this regard, gambling element becomes a genuine characteristic in that transaction. This gambling element is very potential to create risk for all parties in the transaction. Indeed, risk is definitely unavoidable but it can be managed and controlled. As the result, risk management is an important way to control and reduce any possible risk.
Struktur Nalar Arab-Islam Menurut Abid al-Jabiri M. Faisol
TSAQAFAH Vol. 6 No. 2 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v6i2.124

Abstract

Al-Jabiri’s thought renewal project focuses on epistemological critics on scientific traditional framework of Arab-Islam. This is done by analyzing sociopolitical background of the formulation process and structure of Arab-Islam’s logical reasoning, and the entire structural working mechanism of Arab’s logical reasoning. According to Al-Jabiri, Arab’s logical reasoning can be classified into three, i.e. bayani, Irfani and burhani. Bayani is a pure Arab’s logical reasoning as it is motivated by cognitive factor to interpret religious texts. Irfani becomes an alternative epistemology for bayani in providing convincing conclusions. While Burhani, is logical reasoning based on rationality. However, even though the Arab’s logical reasoning could be distinguished into those three, Al-Jabiri observes the domination of bayani on others, thus, the text and traditional authorities are always dominating Arab-Islam civilization. Consequently, Arabic Civilization is not creative-productive or poor in concepts and theories. The solution AlJabiri proposes is to apply critism spirit that have been developed in AndalusiaMaghrib, i.e. empirical rationale presented by Ibn Hazm and Al-Syatibi in Fiqh, Ibnu Ruysd in Philosophy, Ibnu Khaldun in sociology, and Ibn Madha alQurthubi in Arabic grammatical renewal.
Challenging Secularism: Considering Islam and State in Indonesia Zaenal Muttaqin
TSAQAFAH Vol. 6 No. 2 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v6i2.125

Abstract

This paper discussed the encounter of Indonesian Muslims toward the idea of secularism. Secularism since its rise in Europe in the 18th century has spread all over the world. Supporters of secularism have assumed that secularism is undeniable. People eventually will hold it and apply it in their life, including in the public space. However, in the context of the relationship between Islam and state in Indonesia, secularism thesis has been proven failed. During the Indonesian history, the relationship between Islam and state has been a hot discourse even until recently. Yet, this paper concluded that one thing is clear; Indonesian people, especially Indonesian Muslims, have rejected secularism. In the meantime, some have rejected theocratic state either. Muslims then have endlessly endeavored to reformulate a viable synthesis on the relationship between Islam and state in Indonesia. What Indonesia has now is among the efforts of Indonesian Muslims to have a better formulation on how Islam plays its role in the public space, including in the political sphere.
Aqidah al-Tauhid Baina al-Tasawwuf al-Sunni wa al-Tasawwuf al-Falsafi Amal Fathullah Zarkasyi
TSAQAFAH Vol. 6 No. 2 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v6i2.126

Abstract

The philosophers and theologians for a long time, have been conducting a series of intense discourse on many issues from the perspective of tasawuf. Of course, in this regard, they use a theoretical basis and practical rationale. This article, describes the discourse above in the two different conversations perspective, between tasawuf Sunni and tasawuf falsafi. Tasawuf sunni group are represented by Al-Ghazali and al-Qushayri, confronted by Ibn Arabi and Ibn Sab’in from tasawuf falsafi group. Through a descriptive exploratory study, the researcher asserts that Al-Ghazali divides tauhid into four, tauhid of hypocrites, Muslims majority, muqarrabin, and siddiqin, all are based on ahl sunnah wa alJama’ah faith. While Al- ushayri, divides it into three; tauhid al-haq li al-haq, tauhid al-haq li al-khalq, and tauhid al-khalq li al-haq, all are based on empirical aspects of Irfani. In his study, the author concludes that tasawuf Sunni, focuses mainly on the issue of al-fana and wihdah al-syuhud in order to reach a peak of makrifah. Meanwhile, taswuf falsafi declares the existence of monoexistence, that is, human beings and God is one, similar to (wihdah al-wujud). Man is united with God expressed usually in the form syatahat. The implication is no taklif for humans.

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