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Hayati Minarsih
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INDONESIA
Menara Perkebunan
Published by Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
ISSN : 01259318     EISSN : 18583768     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Menara Perkebunan as a communication medium for research in estate crops published articles covering original research result on the pre- and post-harvest biotechnology of estate crops. The contents of the articles should be directed for solving the problems of production and/or processing of estate crops of smallholder, private plantations and state-owned estates, based on the three dedications of plantation. Analyses of innovative research methods and techniques in biotechnology, which are important for advancing agricultural research. Critical scientific reviews of research result in agricultural and estate biotechnology.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 3 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 73, No 1: Juni 2005" : 3 Documents clear
Pertumbuhan biak kalus dan suspensi sel tanaman kina (Cinchona ledgeriana Moens) Growth of callus and cell suspension cultures of cinchona (Cinchona ledgeriana Moens) . SUMARYONO; Imron RIYADI
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 73, No 1: Juni 2005
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (819.279 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v73i1.158

Abstract

SummaryIn vitro technology of plants can be used topropagate plants and to produce secondarymetabolites with a short and continuousproduction cycle. Callus cultures of cinchona(Cinchona ledgeriana Moens) on solid media andcell cultures in liquid media have beenestablished. Callus could be easily initiated fromvarious explants of cinchona clone CB5, GA22and QRC312. The best callus initiation andproliferation were obtained on a Woody Plant(WP) solid medium supplemented with 15 µMpicloram,0.5 µM BAP and 1 µM phloroglucinol.In this medium the fresh weight of callusincreased by 12 to 14-fold within 5 to 6 weeks.Callus that constantly grew fast was selected as amaterial source for cell suspension cultures. InWP liquid medium with the same composition,the cells remained to grow fast where cell volumeafter sedimentation (CVS) increased by almost4-fold in two weeks. However, repeated sub-cultures decreased cell growth rate. The cellsuspension culture was then scaled-up in a 5-Lbioreactor. The culture medium was the same asin Erlenmeyer flasks. Cells in a bioreactor grewvery slowly, the cell biomass fresh weight andpacked cell volume (PCV) increased by 34% and50% respectively after 21 days of culture,although most of the cells remained viable.RingkasanTeknologi in vitro tanaman dapat digunakanuntuk memperbanyak tanaman dan memproduksisenyawa sekunder dengan siklus sangat singkatdan berkelanjutan. Biak kalus tanaman kina(Cinchona ledgeriana Moens) pada mediumpadat dan biak sel di medium cair telahdikembangkan. Kalus dengan mudah dapatdiinduksi dari berbagai jenis eksplan tanamankina klon CB5, GA22 dan QRC312. Inisiasi danproliferasi kalus terbaik diperoleh pada mediaWoody Plant (WP) padat dengan pikloram 15µM, BAP 0,5 µM dan floroglusinol 1 µM. Padamedium ini bobot basah kalus meningkat 12-14kali lipat dalam waktu 5-6 minggu. Kalus yangtetap tumbuh cepat dipilih sebagai sumber bahanuntuk biak suspensi sel. Dalam medium cair WPdengan komposisi yang sama, sel tetap tumbuhdengan pesat, volume sel setelah pengendapan(CVS) meningkat hampir empat kali lipat dalamwaktu dua minggu. Namun subkultur berulangmenurunkan laju pertumbuhan sel. Skala biaksuspensi sel kemudian diperbesar dalam bio-reaktor kapasitas 5 L. Medium kultur yangdigunakan sama dengan medium pada labuErlenmeyer. Pertumbuhan sel dalam bioreaktorsangat lambat, bobot basah sel dan packed cellvolume (PCV) hanya bertambah berturut-turutsebesar 34% dan 50% setelah 21 hari dalamkultur, walaupun sebagian besar sel tetap viabel.
Analisis genotip normal dan abnormal pada klon kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) dengan Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) Analysis normal and abnormal genotypes of oil palm clones (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) Nurita TORUAN-MATHIUS; . ENDANG-YUNIASTUTI; Ridwan SETIAMIHARJA; Murdaningsih H. KARMANA
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 73, No 1: Juni 2005
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1218.086 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v73i1.159

Abstract

SummaryTissue culture-derived plants of oil palmmay develop abnormal flowers in whichprimordial stamens are converted into carpel-liketissue or mantled fruits, and sterile male flowers.This abnormality can be heritable, individualpalm may show variation in mantling andreversion to the normal phenotype over time hasbeen observed. The aim of these experiments wasto analyze the differences between normal andabnormal genotypes by DNA-AFLP. DNA wasisolated from young fruits of three clones,MK152, MK209, and MK 212 each of themconsisted of normal fruits, abnormal fruits andsterile male flowers. The research consisted of (i)selection of AFLP primer which can producepolymorphic bands, (ii) genetic similaritiesanalysis, UPGMA, principal component analysisand specific DNA bands between normal orabnormal genotypes. For primers selection, 20AFLP primers with DNA from MK 152 normaland abnormal genotypes were used. The selectedprimers were then used to amplify DNA of ninegenotypes. The results show that 10 primer com-binations EcoRI/MseI produced polymorphicbands. Each primer from 10 primer producedonly one or two DNA bands indicates that thedifferences between normal and abnormalgenotypes in the same clone. However, nopolymorphism was consistently found betweennormal and abnormal clones in all the sets.Genetic similarity analysis shows that betweengenotype had high genetic similarities, around92-99%. The results of UPGMA found thedifferent clustering between normal fruit,abnormal male and abnormal fruits. The resultsshow same as clustering based on first, secondand third component. This suggest that, whilstAFLP method is an effective way of detectingvariation in tissue culture-derived plants,different approaches are required to identify thecasual basis of the mantled fruit abnormality.RingkasanTanaman kelapa sawit yang dihasilkan darikultur jaringan, umumnya dalam perkembangan-nya akan memiliki organ reproduktif yangabnormal. Abnormalitas berupa primordialstamen berkembang menjadi bentuk jaringanseperti karpel, buah mantel, atau bunga jantanmandul. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmendapatkan pembeda DNA-AFLP antaragenotip normal dan abnormal pada klon-klonkelapa sawit. DNA diisolasi dari buah muda klonMK 152, MK 209, dan MK 212 yang masing-masing terdiri atas genotip normal, berbuahabnormal, dan berbunga jantan steril. Percobaanmencakup (i) seleksi primer AFLP yang mampumenghasilkan pita yang polimorfis, (ii) analisiskemiripan genetik, UPGMA, komponen utamadan pita pembeda antar genotip normal danabnormal. Seleksi primer dilakukan terhadap 20primer AFLP menggunakan DNA dari genotipMK 152 yang normal dan abnormal. Selanjutnyaprimer terpilih digunakan untuk mengamplifikasiDNA dari kesembilan genotip yang diuji. Hasilyang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa 10 kombi-nasi primer EcoRI/MseI mampu menghasilkanpita yang polimorfis. Dari 10 primer yang diuji,masing-masing hanya menghasilkan satu ataudua pita DNA yang mampu membedakan genotipnormal dan abnormal dalam klon yang sama.Namun, tidak ada pita DNA spesifik yangmampu membedakan genotip normal denganabnormal untuk seluruh klon yang diuji. Analisiskemiripan genetik menunjukkan bahwa antargenotip memiliki kemiripan genetik yang sangattinggi, yaitu 92-99%. Dari hasil UPGMAdiperoleh pengelompokan yang terpisah antargenotip normal, abnormal jantan dan buahabnormal. Hasil tersebut didukung olehpengelompokan berdasarkan komponen utamasatu, dua dan tiga. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa,teknik AFLP tidak efektif untuk mendeteksipembeda antar genotip tanaman yang diperolehdari kultur jaringan, pendekatan lainnyadiperlukan untuk mengidentifikasi abnormalitas.
Penggunaan spora cendawan mikoriza arbuskula sebagai inokulum untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan serapan hara bibit kelapa sawit Application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spore as inoculant to increase growth and nutrient uptake of oil palm seedling Happy WIDIASTUTI; Nampiah SUKARNO; Latifah Kosim DARUSMAN; Didiek Hadjar GOENADI; Sally SMITH; Edi GUHARDJA
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 73, No 1: Juni 2005
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (186.894 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v73i1.160

Abstract

SummaryA green house experiment was conducted tostudy the effect of spore number and species ofAM fungi as inoculant of oil palm. Two species ofAM fungi was evaluated in this study namelyAcaulospora tuberculata and Gigaspora margaritaand three spore number were tested i. e 200, 350,and 500 spores. There two fungi have thepotential as AM fungi inoculant for oil palm. Thesoil used was acid soil from Cikopomayak, WestJava while the oil palm seedling was from OilPalm Research Institute, Medan. A polybag sized20 x 40 cm was used. Spores as type of inoculantaffect the oil palm growth in longer time. Thebest growth of the seedling in term of height,fresh, and dry weight was obtained byinoculation at 500 spores of A. tuberculata andG. margarita. However, at 500 spores perpolybag, growth and N, P, and K uptake ofseedlings inoculated with A. tuberculata andG. margarita were not significantly differentexcept for seedling and root fresh weight. Oilpalm seedling inoculated with A. tuberculata at500 spores per seedling resulted higher root andseedling fresh weight compared with thoseinoculated with G. margarita. The different effectof seedling on A. tuberculata and G. margaritainoculation at 200 and 350 spores per seedlingwere only observed in plant height, fresh and dryweight of seedlings. The plant height, fresh, anddry weight of seedlings inoculated withA. tuberculata at 200 and 350 spores per seedlingwere higher compared with those inoculatedwith G. margarita. In addition inoculation withA. tuberculata at 200 spores per seedling resultedhigher N and K uptake of seedling compared withthose inoculated with G. margarita.RingkasanSuatu penelitian rumah kaca telah dilakukanuntuk mempelajari pengaruh jumlah spora danspesies cendawan mikoriza arbuskula (CMA)sebagai inokulum pada bibit kelapa sawit. Duaspesies CMA yang diuji ialah Acaulosporatuberculata dan Gigaspora margarita sedangkanjumlah spora yang diuji ada tiga tingkat yaitu200, 350, dan 500 spora. Bibit kelapa sawitberumur dua bulan ditanam di polibag berukuran20 x 40 cm yang berisi tanah yang bereaksimasam berasal dari Cikopomayak. Hasil yangdiperoleh menunjukkan bahwa spora sebaganokulum bibit kelapa sawit dapat mempengaruhipertumbuhan kelapa sawit namun diperlukanwaktu yang lebih lama untuk mendapatkanrespons inokulasi. Pertumbuhan tertinggi padapeubah tinggi bibit, bobot basah, dan bobotkering diperoleh pada inokulasi sebanyak 500spora per polibag baik untuk A. tuberculatamaupun G. margarita. Namun, pada inokulasisebanyak 500 spora per polibag, pertumbuhandan serapan N, P, dan K bibit yang diinokulasiA. tuberculata dan G. margarita tidak berbedanyata kecuali pada peubah bobot basah akar danbobot basah bibit. Bobot basah akar dan bobotbasah bibit kelapa sawit yang diinokulasiA. tuberculata sebanyak 500 spora, lebih tinggidibandingkan dengan bibit yang diinokulasidengan G. margarita pada jumlah spora yangsama. Pengaruh spesies hanya dapat ditunjukkanpada inokulasi 200 dan 350 spora khususnya padapeubah tinggi bibit, bobot basah, dan bobotkering bibit. Tinggi bibit, bobot basah dan bobotkering bibit yang diinokulasi A. tuberculata padajumlah spora 200 dan 350 per polibag lebih tinggidibandingkan dengan yang diinokulasiG. margarita. Tampak bahwa inokulasiA. tuberculata dengan 200 spora per polibagmenghasilkan serapan N dan K lebih tinggidibandingkan dengan yang diinokulasiG. margarita pada jumlah spora yang sama.

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