cover
Article Per Year (5 Year)
All
Home Page
OAI Link
Editorial Team
Contact
Reviewer
Google Scholar
Contact Name
Hayati Minarsih
Contact Email
menaraperkebunanppbbi@gmail.org
Phone
-
Journal Mail Official
menaraperkebunan@iribb.org
Editorial Address
Jalan Taman Kencana No.1 Bogor 16128, Jawa Barat
Location
Kab. bogor,
Jawa barat
INDONESIA
Menara Perkebunan
Published by Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
ISSN : 01259318     EISSN : 18583768     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Menara Perkebunan as a communication medium for research in estate crops published articles covering original research result on the pre- and post-harvest biotechnology of estate crops. The contents of the articles should be directed for solving the problems of production and/or processing of estate crops of smallholder, private plantations and state-owned estates, based on the three dedications of plantation. Analyses of innovative research methods and techniques in biotechnology, which are important for advancing agricultural research. Critical scientific reviews of research result in agricultural and estate biotechnology.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 541 Documents
 48   49   50   51   52 
Enhanced solubilization of insoluble silicate from quartz and zeolite minerals by selected Aspergillus and Trichoderma species Laksmita Prima SANTI
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 88 No. 2 (2020): 88 (2), 2020
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v88i2.381

Abstract

Silicon (Si) is a major component of sand, silt and clay particles of soils. Available silica as silicic acid (H4SiO4) present in soil solution is considerably low, only in the range of 3.5–40.0 mg Si L-1. To improve plant-available Si in the soil, silicate-solubilizing fungi (SSF) are potentially important in solubilizing insoluble forms of silicate (SiO2). The objectives of this study were to determine silicate solubilizing capacity and organic acid produced by seven SSF isolates on Bunt and Rovira media by using 0.25% (w/v) magnesium trisilicate (Mg2O8Si3), quartz, and zeolite as a silica source. Determination of SSF isolates potential in Si solubilization was carried out in a completely randomized design with three silica sources and three replicates. The results indicated that all SSF were capable of producing acetic, citrate, and oxalic acids and enhancing the solubilization of insoluble silicates. Trichoderma polysporum and Aspergillus niger BCCF194 were the best isolates of SSF. Furthermore, there was significantly (p<0.05) positive correlation between solubilizing silicate capacity by using quartz or zeolite as a silica source on Bunt and Rovira media with incubation time (R2 = 0.79-0.99) and citric acid production (R2= 0.97-0.99) from T. polysporum and A. niger BCCF194
Physiological responses and P5CS gene expression of transgenic oil palm plantlet induced by drought stress Turhadi TURHADI; Hayati MINARSIH; Imron RIYADI; . PRIYONO; Asmini BUDIANI
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 88 No. 2 (2020): 88 (2), 2020
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v88i2.386

Abstract

Drought is one of the limiting factors in crop cultivation, such as in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). The transgenic approaches are expected to increase plant tolerance to drought stress and minimize low productivity when drought occurs. Proline is an osmoprotectant compound in plants which its biosynthesis involved the P5CS gene. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance level of P5CS-transgenic oil palm to drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG-6000). In this present study, the transgenic and non-transgenic oil palms were treated by  0, 2, and 4% PEG-6000 under in vitro conditions. The experiment was arranged as a factorial completely randomized design with three replications. The drought level score, total chlorophyll content, carotenoids, and proline content, as well as P5CS gene expression in leaf tissues were observed at 7 and 14 days after stress treatments. The result showed that transgenic plantlets had a lower drought level score than those of non-transgenic lines. A concentration of 4% PEG-6000 treatment reduced the total chlorophyll and carotenoids contents than that of 2% concentration in non-transgenic plantlets at 7 and 14 day after treatments (DAT). In addition, proline content and P5CS gene expression level in transgenic had been significantly increased during stress treatment. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the P5CS transgene increased the drought stress tolerance of oil palm.
The effect of inoculum and glucose addition on polyhydroxyalkanoate production by Brevibacterium sp. B45 Diah - RATNANINGRUM; Een Sri ENDAH; Akbar Hanif Dawam ABDULLAH; Vienna SARASWATY; Puspita - LISDIYANTI; Eva - FRASNAWATY; Sri - PRIATINI
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 89 No. 1 (2021): 89 (1), 2021
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v89i1.387

Abstract

Petroleum-based plastics are the major cause of environmental pollution because the plastics need years to be degraded. The difficulties in handling waste of petroleum-based plastic have motivated researchers to produce environmentally friendly plastic materials that are biologically degradable; one of them is polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). Polyhydroxyalkanoate is natural biodegradable biopolymers produced by bacteria as an intracellular carbon  and  energy storage. This polymer is an alternative source of plastics  with similar physical properties to petroleum-based plastic.It can be easily biodegraded aerobically and anaerobically. This study examined the potential of one superior isolate as PHA producers, i.e.,Brevibacterium sp. B45. Brevibacterium sp. B45 was cultivated in Ramsay’s minimal medium with inoculum concentrations were 1, 2, and 3% (v/v)and glucose concentrations were 1, 3, and 5% (w/v). The cultivation of  Brevibacterium sp. B45 was carried out in a 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask on a shaker incubator with 150 rpm and 30 oC for 72 hours. PHA recovery was carried out by chloroform extraction and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) methods. The highest yield of dried biomass (2.92%) was obtained using 3% inoculum and 3% glucose. The melting temperature (Tm), enthalpy (ΔHf), and crystallinity (Xc) of the PHA product were 172.1 °C, 61.04 J g-1, and 41.08%, respectively. Data of SEM show that a porous surface characterized morphological of purified PHA grains. The functional units of purified PHA grains were C=O, CH3, C-O, C-O-C, C-C, C-H, and -OH. The purified PHA grains show a similar spectrum to the standard Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB). Therefore, it could be assumed that PHA produced by Brevibacterium sp. B45 was most likely PHB.
Propagasi in vitro tanaman kurma (Phoenix dactylifera L.) pada bioreaktor dengan perendaman sesaat Rizka Tamania SAPTARI; Masna Maya SINTA; Imron RIYADI; . PRIYONO; . SUMARYONO
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 88 No. 2 (2020): 88 (2), 2020
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v88i2.394

Abstract

The cultivation of date palm in Indonesia has increased since the last decade. However, the superior date palm seedlings are still limited and most of them are imported from other countries. The mass supply of superior date palm seedlings can be provided by in vitro propagation in the bioreactor. Therefore, the research was conducted to develop a protocol of date palm in vitro propagation by using Temporary Immersion Bioreactor (TIB). The in vitro propagation was carried out through somatic embryogenesis technique using meristematic tissues isolated from offshoots of date palm female clone cv. Zambli as explants. The explants were sterilized and then cultured to produce embryogenic calli and somatic embryos. Afterwards, somatic embryos germination and plantlets formation were conducted in TIB with treatments of immersion period: 3, 10, and 30 minutes every 6 hours, with 8 replications, The results showed that the optimal somatic embryo germination in TIB was with the immersion period of 30 min every 6 h, resulting in the most formation of shoots and fresh biomass weight increment up to nearly threefold in 6 weeks. Thereafter, plantlets formation in TIB with immersion period of 10 min and 30 min every 6 h exhibited similar performances in producing more plantlets with higher total fresh weight and better vigor than those of 3 min every 6 h. However, there were more rooted plantlets in the TIB with immersion period of 10 min every 6 h. Based on the results, an in vitro propagation protocol via somatic embryogenesis in TIB has been successfully developed for mass propagation of date palm cv. Zambli, which produced plantlets with good vigor and rooting.
Optimasi nisbah natrium nitrat : urea dan konsentrasi nitrogen pada kultivasi Spirulina platensis untuk produksi protein dan pigmen fikosianin Rizki KURNIAWATI; Swastika PRAHARYAWAN; . TRI-PANJI
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 88 No. 2 (2020): 88 (2), 2020
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v88i2.395

Abstract

The need of nitrogen (N) for the growth of Spirulina platensis and the production of protein and phycocyanin pigment is influenced by the type of source and the concentration of N contained in the growing media. Spirulina platensis can assimilate various N sources, including nitrate (NO3-) and urea. Urea is a cheap N source and easy to be obtained. Urea can also have a role as potential N source to support the growth and the metabolites production of cyanobacteria S. platensis. Partial substitution of N source (NO3‑) to urea in Zarrouk medium for S. platensis cultivation has not been conducted before. This study was aiming at determining the optimum ratio of NaNO3 : CO(NH2)2 and the optimum N concentration in the Zarrouk medium for protein and phycocyanin production by S. platensis. Response Surface Method (RSM)-one factor experimental design was employed in this study for determining the optimum N concentration at specific N concentration range and optimum ratio of N source that had been previously determined. The results demonstrated that the optimum ratio of NaNO3 : CO(NH2)2 for protein and phycocyanin production was 1:1. The optimum N concentration for protein and phycocyanin pigment production in S. platensis cultivation were 5.13 mmol L-1 and 4.94 mmol L-1 with the increament in about 51.95% and 25.16%, respectively, compared to the standar Zarrouk medium.Kebutuhan unsur nitrogen (N) untuk pertumbuhan Spirulina platensis serta produksi protein dan pigmen fikosianin dipengaruhi oleh jenis sumber dan konsentrasi N yang terkandung dalam media tumbuh. Spirulina platensis dapat mengasimilasi berbagai sumber N, termasuk nitrat (NO3-) dan urea. Urea merupakan sumber N yang murah dan mudah diperoleh. Urea juga dapat berperan sebagai sumber N potensial untuk mendukung pertumbuhan dan produksi metabolit pada sianobakteria S. platensis. Substitusi sebagian sumber N (NaNO3) oleh urea dalam media Zarrouk untuk kultivasi S. platensis belum banyak dilakukan sebelumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan nisbah NaNO3 : CO(NH2)2 dan konsentrasi N optimum yang diperlukan dalam media Zarrouk untuk produksi protein dan fikosianin oleh S. platensis. Desain eksperimen RSM-one factor digunakan dalam penentuan konsentrasi N optimum pada rentang konsentrasi N dan nisbah sumber N optimum yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nisbah NaNO3 : CO(NH2)2 optimum untuk meningkatkan kandungan protein dan pigmen fikosianin S. platensis adalah 1:1. Konsentrasi N optimum untuk produksi protein dan pigmen fikosianin pada kultivasi S. platensis ialah 5,13 mmol L-1 dan 4,94 mmol L-1 dengan peningkatan sebesar 51,95% dan 25,16%, secara berturut-turut, bila dibandingkan dengan saat dikultivasi menggunakan media Zarrouk standar.
Analisis ko-ekspresi gen-gen regulasi upstream dari gen Dehydrin di tanaman tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) pada kondisi cekaman kekeringan Hayati MINARSIH; Jembar PAMBUDI; Riza Arief PUTRANTO
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 88 No. 2 (2020): 88 (2), 2020
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v88i2.396

Abstract

Sugarcane plantations in Indonesia have been expanded and shifted to the marginal land characterized by long drought period, therefore, an attempt has been initiated to generate drought tolerance varieties through genetic engineering. It could be conducted by inserting the gene that involve in plant adaptation response to drought stress such as dehydrin (DHN) into sugarcane genome. The promoter of sugarcane DHN gene was isolated and transformed into sugarcane in the previous research. This study aimed to demonstrate the functionality of sugarcane DHN promoter through expression analysis of DHN regulatory genes that play a role in response to drought stress. Expression analyses using RT-qPCR were also conducted on regulatory genes of sugarcane that inserted by Pr-1DHNSo construct treated with drought stress. The results showed that the expressions of  SoMYB, SoWRKY, SoNAC, and SoDHN genes were escalated on sugarcane 16 days after stress treatment ranging from 353 to 4067 folds relatively to untreated samples in which SoNAC gene showed the highest expression. On the other hand, the analysis on transgenic sugarcane carrying DHNpromoter construct showed SoNAC and SoDREB expression increased after 72 hours under drought stress. The expression values of SoNAC in transgenic and non-transgenic plants under drought condition were 4.79 and 4.99, respectively. Meanwhile, the expression values of SoDREB in transgenic and non-transgenic plants under drought condition were 13.2 and 13.3, respectively. The results of these experiments showed that the promoter construct of Pr-1DHNSo was induced by drought stress treatments highlighting the regulation of several upstream genes of SoDHN.
Recent studies of synthetic antibody-based 3-MCPD determination technology Hasim MUNAWAR; Prima LUNA; Irma KRESNAWATY; Happy WIDIASTUTI
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 89 No. 1 (2021): 89 (1), 2021
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v89i1.402

Abstract

3-Chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as carcinogenic material. 3-MCPD will also become one of the European Union's requirements, proposing the maximum level of the 3-MCPD in palm oil until 2.5 ppm. Although the reported technologies GCMS and HPLC-FLD demonstrated high sensitivity and selectivity on 3-MCPD determination, those technologies invest in chemical and time-consuming sample preparation and analysis. Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), or a synthetic antibody, can be used to recognize 3-MCPD. MIP is more robust under extreme environments such as temperature and pH. This paper, therefore, aims to discuss the application of MIP on sample extraction and analysis to detect 3-MCPD. MIP is synthesized by polymerization of functional monomers surrounding 3-MCPD as a template. 3-MCPD is then removed from the MIP, leaving active cavities. Thus, these sites can either covalently or non-covalently rebind to 3-MCPD. Computational or empirical studies could investigate the composition of MIP. MIP can be manufactured as MIP-based solid phase extraction (MIPSPE) and MIP-based sensor. Both applications showed significant analytical parameters, such as recovery higher than 90% and detection limit lower than 2.5 ppm.  Therefore, the application of MIP can be flexible for sample preparation and analysis on the 3-MCPD determination. MIP-based technology would be a prospective instrument to detect 3-MCPD.  In the future, producing MIP on an industrial scale will be a challenge to monitor the 3-MCPD level in palm oil.
Selection of four types arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in oil palm seedling planted in histosol soil Maria Viva RINI; Radix SUHARJO; Lestari WIBOWO; David IRVANTO; Adhy ARIYANTO
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 89 No. 1 (2021): 89 (1), 2021
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v89i1.406

Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are beneficial microbes for plants, especially in the absorption of nutrients and water from the soil. Some factors that influence the effectiveness of this fungus are the suitability of the AMF species with their host plants and abiotic condition such as soil characteristics. Therefore, this study aims to determine the type of AMF that produced the best growth and nutrient uptake in oil palm seedlings planting in histosol soil. This study used a single factor treatment design consisting of 9 AMF treatments, namely control without AMF (T1), given Glomus sp. (T2), Gigaspora sp. (T3), Entrophospora sp. (T4), Acaulospora sp. (T5), a mixture of Glomus sp. and Gigaspora sp. (T6), a mixture of Glomus sp. and Entrophospora sp. (T7), a mixture of Gigaspora sp. and Entrophospora sp. (T8), and a mixture of Glomus sp., Gigaspora sp., Entrophospora sp., and Acaulospora sp. (T9). Each treatment was repeated five times. The experimental design used was a randomized block design. In the AMF treatment, 500 spores per seedling were given when the seedlings were transplanted from prenursery to the main nursery. The seedlings were kept in the prenursery for 3.5 months and in the main nursery for nine months. The results showed that the type of mycorrhizal that consistently produced better seedling growth and nutrients uptake compared to the control were Glomus sp. (T2) and a mixture of Gigaspora sp. and Entrophospora sp. (T8), which supported by data on plant height, number of leaves, shoot dry weight, and total nutrient uptake of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and B.
Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of Chlorella isolates from Indonesia using rbcL gene Fauziatul FITRIYAH; Yora FARAMITHA; Dini Astika SARI; Irma KRESNAWATY; Tri PANJI; Djoko SANTOSO
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 89 No. 1 (2021): 89 (1), 2021
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v89i1.408

Abstract

Identifying the newly isolated species is crucial to establishing a reliable algal database with successful commercial applications for different biotechnological applications. Morphological identification does not give sufficient description, especially for tiny unicellular microalgae. The rbcL gene encodes the large unit of ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase /oxygenase (Rubisco) has been widely known for barcoding in plants and developed for microalgae molecular identification. In this study, we examined the local strains of green microalgae from Indonesia using the rbcL partial gene sequence to identify the strains. Green microalgae isolates originated from Yogyakarta, Serayu, Gondol, Ancol, Cilegon, and Teluk Jakarta were cultured in f/2 media and harvested for DNA extraction. The DNA extracted was proceeded to PCR using 1AB_rbcL primer pair to amplify the sequences of rbcL gene with target band located at 582 bp, followed by the sequencing of the PCR product was conducted. Molecular identification of local green microalgae isolates was successfully carried out using primers 1AB_rbcL with a genetic similarity of 99% toward identified species in the NCBI database. Among six isolates, TJ, G, S, C, and A isolates were identified as C. pyrenoidosa. Only CP isolate from Yogyakarta identified as C. sorokiniana. Nannochloropsis gaditana rbcL sequence was selected as an outgroup. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the five isolates of Chlorella belong to one clade and clearly distinguished from C. sorokiniana isolate from Yogyakarta.
Improvement of water and nutrient efficiencies oil palm through bio-silicic acid application Laksmita Prima SANTI; Adhy ARDIYANTO; Agung KURNIAWAN; Lilik A PRABOWO; Ian SEBASTIAN
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 89 No. 1 (2021): 89 (1), 2021
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v89i1.409

Abstract

Crop water use efficiency is critical for high yields in conditions of limited water supplies. This study aims at determining the effect of application bio-silicic acid (BioSilAc) on water use efficiency and nutrient availability for immature (2 years after planting) and mature (5 years after planting) oil palms in sandy soil during a period of low rainfall. A field experiment was conducted on sandy soil at an oil palm plantation in Central Kalimantan. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with seven treatments and three replicates using a combination of composted empty fruit bunches of oil palm (CEFBOP) and BioSilAc applications. The treatments (tree-1 year-1) were as follows (tree-1 year-1): (T1) 100% NPK standard dosage; (T2) T1 + 1.5 kg quartz sand; (T3) 75% (T1) + 1.5 kg quartz sand; (T4) T1+ 4 tablets BioSilAc; (T5) 75% (T1) + 4 tablets BioSilAc; (T6) T1 + 50 kg CEFBOP + 2 tablets BioSilAc; and (T7) 75% (T1) + 50 kg CEFBOP + 2 tablets BioSilAc. The parameters observed were soil and leaf nutrient contents, average weight, and number of fresh fruit bunch (FFB), and daily water usage and water potential using a sap flow meter and stem psychrometer to calculate water use efficiency in T1 (control) and T5 which represents the application of BioSilAc. The results indicated that the application of 75-100% NPK + 4 tablets BioSilAc tree-1 year-1 in mature oil palm was capable of improving yield of11.9% (T5) and 12.1% (T4) and water use efficiency of 31.3% (mature) and 50.4% (immature) of the control treatment.

Page 50 of 55 | Total Record : 541

 48   49   50   51   52 

Filter by Year

2000 2025


Reset
Filter By Issues
All Issue Vol. 93 No. 1 (2025): 93(1), 2025 Vol. 92 No. 2 (2024): 92(2), 2024 Vol. 92 No. 1 (2024): 92(1), 2024 Vol. 91 No. 2 (2023): 91 (2), 2023 Vol. 91 No. 1 (2023): 91 (1), 2023 Vol. 90 No. 2 (2022): 90 (2), 2022 Vol. 90 No. 1 (2022): 90 (1), 2022 Vol 90, No 2 (2022): Oktober, 2022 Vol. 90 No. 2 (2022): Oktober, 2022 Vol 90, No 1 (2022): April, 2022 Vol. 89 No. 2 (2021): 89 (2), 2021 Vol. 89 No. 1 (2021): 89 (1), 2021 Vol 89, No 2 (2021): Oktober, 2021 Vol 89, No 1 (2021): April, 2021 Vol. 88 No. 2 (2020): 88 (2), 2020 Vol. 88 No. 1 (2020): 88 (1), 2020 Vol 88, No 2 (2020): Oktober,2020 Vol 88, No 1 (2020): April, 2020 Vol. 87 No. 2 (2019): 87 (2), 2019 Vol. 87 No. 1 (2019): 87 (1), 2019 Vol 87, No 2 (2019): OKTOBER, 2019 Vol 87, No 1 (2019): April, 2019 Vol. 86 No. 2 (2018): 86 (2), 2018 Vol. 86 No. 1 (2018): 86 (1), 2018 Vol 86, No 2 (2018): Oktober 2018 Vol 86, No 1 (2018): April, 2018 Vol. 85 No. 2 (2017): 85 (2), 2017 Vol. 85 No. 1 (2017): 85 (1), 2017 Vol 85, No 2 (2017): Oktober 2017 Vol 85, No 1 (2017): April, 2017 Vol. 84 No. 2 (2016): 84 (2), 2016 Vol. 84 No. 1 (2016): 84 (1), 2016 Vol 84, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016 Vol 84, No 1: Oktober 2016 Vol. 83 No. 2: 83 (2), 2015 Vol. 83 No. 1: 83 (1), 2015 Vol 83, No 2: Desember 2015 Vol 83, No 1: Juni 2015 Vol. 82 No. 2: 82 (2), 2014 Vol. 82 No. 1: 82 (1), 2014 Vol 82, No 2: Desember 2014 Vol 82, No 1: Juni 2014 Vol. 81 No. 2: 81 (2), 2013 Vol. 81 No. 1: 81 (1), 2013 Vol 81, No 2: Desember 2013 Vol 81, No 1: Juni 2013 Vol. 80 No. 2: 80 (2), 2012 Vol. 80 No. 1: 80 (1), 2012 Vol 80, No 2: Desember 2012 Vol 80, No 1: Juni 2012 Vol. 79 No. 2: 79 (2), 2011 Vol. 79 No. 1: 79 (1), 2011 Vol 79, No 2: Desember 2011 Vol 79, No 1: Juni 2011 Vol. 78 No. 2: 78 (2), 2010 Vol. 78 No. 1: 78 (1), 2010 Vol 78, No 2: Desember 2010 Vol 78, No 1: Juni 2010 Vol. 77 No. 2: 77 (2), 2009 Vol. 77 No. 1: 77 (1), 2009 Vol 77, No 2: Desember 2009 Vol 77, No 1: Juni 2009 Vol. 76 No. 2: 76 (2), 2008 Vol. 76 No. 1: 76 (1), 2008 Vol 76, No 2: Desember 2008 Vol 76, No 1: Juni 2008 Vol. 75 No. 2: 75 (2), 2007 Vol. 75 No. 1: 75 (1), 2007 Vol 75, No 2: Desember 2007 Vol 75, No 1: Juni 2007 Vol. 74 No. 2: 74 (2), 2006 Vol. 74 No. 1: 74 (1), 2006 Vol 74, No 2: Desember 2006 Vol 74, No 1: Juni 2006 Vol. 73 No. 2: 73 (2), 2005 Vol. 73 No. 1: 73 (1), 2005 Vol 73, No 2: Desember 2005 Vol 73, No 1: Juni 2005 Vol. 72 No. 2: 72 (2), 2004 Vol. 72 No. 1: 72 (1), 2004 Vol 72, No 2: Desember 2004 Vol 72, No 1: Juni 2004 Vol. 71 No. 2: 71 (2), 2003 Vol. 71 No. 1: 71 (1), 2003 Vol 71, No 2: Desember 2003 Vol 71, No 1: Juni 2003 Vol. 70 No. 2: 70 (2), 2002 Vol. 70 No. 1: 70 (1), 2002 Vol 70, No 2: Desember 2002 Vol 70, No 1: Juni 2002 Vol. 69 No. 2: 69 (2), 2001 Vol. 69 No. 1: 69 (1), 2001 Vol 69, No 2: Desember 2001 Vol 69, No 1: Juni 2001 Vol. 68 No. 2: 68 (2), 2000 Vol. 68 No. 1: 68(1), 2000 Vol 68, No 2: Desember 2000 Vol 68, No 1: Juni 2000 More Issue