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Journal of Physical Education and Sports
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 2252648X     EISSN : 25024477     DOI : -
Core Subject : Education,
Education Other
Journal of Physical Education and Sports publishes articles of original researchs and conceptual studies about physical education and sports.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 743 Documents
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Pengaruh Metode Latihan Multiball dan Koordinasi Mata Tangan terhadap Peningkatan Keterampilan Forehand Drive Tenis Meja
Journal of Physical Education and Sports Vol 6 No 2 (2017): August 2017
Publisher : Study Program Education and Sports, Postgraduate Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jpes.v6i2.17393

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan pengaruh antara metode latihan multiball massed practice dan multiball distributed practice, pengaruh dan perbedaan antara atlet yang memiliki koordinasi mata tangan tinggi dan rendah dan interaksi antara metode latihan dan koordinasi mata tangan terhadap peningkatan keterampilan forehand drive tenis meja. Penelitian eksperimen ini faktorial 2x2. Populasi 26 atlet. Sampel 20 atlet dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, setiap kelompok terdiri dari 10 atlet, pengambilan sampel dengan purposive random sampling. Analisis data digunakan uji Anava dua arah taraf signifikansi 0,05, dilanjutkan uji Tukey. Hasil penelitian: (1) ada perbedaan pengaruh antara metode latihan multiball massed practice dan multiball distributed practice Fhitung (65,346) > Ftabel (4,49); (2) ada perbedaan pengaruh antara atlet yang memiliki koordinasi mata tangan tinggi dan rendah Fhitung (6,901) > Ftabel (4,49); (3) ada interaksi antara metode latihan dan koordinasi mata tangan terhadap peningkatan keterampilan forehand drive tenis meja Fhitung (40,552) > Ftabel (4,49). Simpulan: (1) metode latihan multiball distributed practice memberikan pengaruh yang lebih baik daripada multiball massed practice; (2) Atlet dengan koordinasi mata tangan tinggi lebih mudah mempelajari forehand drive tenis meja daripada atlet koordinasi mata tangan rendah; (3) ada interaksi antara metode latihan dan koordinasi mata tangan atlet.The purpose of this research are to analyze the effect difference between the training methods multiball massed practice and distributed practice, influences and differences between athletes who have hand- eye coordination high and low and the interaction between exercise and hand-eye coordination skills to increase table tennis forehand drive. 2x2 factorial study of this experiment. The population of 26 athletes. A sample of 20 athletes were divided into two groups, each consisting of 10 athletes, purposive sampling with random sampling. The data analysis used two-way ANOVA test the 0.05 level, followed by Tukey's test. Results: (1) there is a difference between the effects of training methods multiball massed practice and distributed practice Fvalue (65.346) > Ftable (4:49); (2) there is a difference between the effects of hand-eye coordination athletes high and low Fvalue (6.901) > Ftable(4:49); (3) there is an interaction between the training methods and hand-eye coordination skills to increase table tennis forehand drive Fvalue (40.552) > Ftable (4.49). Conclusion: (1) a method of exercise multiball distributed practice gives a better effect than multiball massed practice; (2) Athletes with hand-eye coordination are high it is easier to learn from table tennis forehand drive athletes hand-eye coordination are low; (3) there is an interaction between the training methods and the athletes hand-eye coordination.
Pengaruh Gaya Mengajar Latihan dan Koordinasi Mata Tangan terhadap Hasil Pembelajaran Dribbling Bola Basket
Journal of Physical Education and Sports Vol 6 No 2 (2017): August 2017
Publisher : Study Program Education and Sports, Postgraduate Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jpes.v6i2.17394

Abstract

Proses pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani di kebanyakan sekolah masih kurang variatif, pemilihan gaya mengajar menjadi kunci keberhasilan pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan rancangan metode faktorial 2x2.Variabel dalam penelitian ini: variable bebas yaitu gaya mengajar latihan, variable terikat hasil pembelajaran dribbling bola basket, dan koordinasi mata tangan sebagai variabel atribut. Teknik analisis data digunakan teknik analisis varians (anava) α 0,05 dan uji tukey. Hasil penelitian (1). Terdapat perbedaan antara gaya mengajar latihan menggunakan video dan demonstrasi langsung Fhitung = 18,242 dan Ftabel = 3,21 (2). Terdapat perbedaan hasil pembelajaran dribbling bola basket antara kelompok siswa yang memiliki koordinasi mata tangan tinggi dan koordinasi mata tangan rendah Fhitung = 4,407 > Ftabel = 3,21 (3). Terdapat interaksi antara gaya mengajar latihan dengan koordinasi mata tangan terhadap peningkatan hasil pembelajaran dribbling bola basket Fhitung= 7,174 > Ftabel= 3,21. Kesimpulan secara keseluruhan hasil pembelajaran dribbling bola basket antara siswa yang diajar dengan gaya mengajar latihan menggunakan video lebih baik daripada menggunakan demonstrasi langsung. Secara keseluruhan hasil pembelajaran dribbling bola basket siswa yang memiliki tingkat koordinasi mata tangan tinggi lebih baik dibanding siswa yang memiliki tingkat koordinasi mata tangan rendah.Terdapat interaksi antara gaya mengajar dan koordinasi mata tangan terhadap hasil pembelajaran dribbling bola basket.The learning process of physical education at schools is still less varied. In fact, the use of teaching style determines the success of learning. This study used an experimental method with 2x2 factorial design. This study used two variables: (1) the practice teaching style as independent variable; and (2) basketball dribbling learning outcomes as the dependent variables and hand-eye coordination as an attribute variable. The data analysis techniques used in this study were variance analysis technique (anava) α 0.05 and Tukey test. The results showed that: (1) There was a significant difference in practice teaching style using comprehensive videos and videos feedback with Fvalue = 18.242 and Ftable = 3.21. (2) There was a difference in basketball dribbling learning outcomes between students who had high hand-eye coordination and the low ones with Fvalue = 4.407 > Ftable = 3.21 (3) There was interaction between practice teaching style and hand-eye coordination towards improvement basketball dribbling learning outcomes with Fvalue = 7.174 > Ftable = 3.21. It could be concluded that basketball dribbling learning outcomes of students who were taught through practice teaching style using comprehensive videos was better than feedback videos. Overall, basketball dribbling learning outcomes of students who had high hand-eye coordination was better than the low ones. There was interaction between the practice teaching style and the hand-eye coordination towards improvement of basketball dribbling learning outcomes.
Pengaruh Metode Latihan dan Koordinasi Mata Kaki terhadap Kemampuan Smash Kedeng dalam Permainan Sepak Takraw
Journal of Physical Education and Sports Vol 6 No 2 (2017): August 2017
Publisher : Study Program Education and Sports, Postgraduate Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jpes.v6i2.17396

Abstract

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh metode latihan dan koordinasi mata kaki terhadap kemampuan smash kedeng dalam permainan sepak takraw. Penelitian eksperimen dengan factorial 2x2. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 25 orang, sedangkan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 20 orang. Teknik analisis data menggunakan anava dua jalur. Hasil penelitian: (1) Ada perbedaan pengaruh antara metode latihan blok dan metode latihan acak terhadap kemampuan smash kedeng pada atlet pelajar klub Citra Kartika. (2) Ada perbedaan pengaruh antara koordinasi mata kaki kategori tinggi dan koordinasi mata kaki kategori rendah terhadap kemampuan smash kedeng pada atlet pelajar klub Citra Kartika. (3) Ada Interaksi antara metode latihan dan koordinasi mata kaki terhadap kemampuan smash kedeng pada atlet pelajar klub Citra Kartika.This purpose of this study is to determine and to analyze the effect of the training methods and foot-eye coordination for student athlletes’ to the smash kedeng skill in the game sepak takraw. This study was an experimental study using 2x2 factorial design. The populations in this study were 25 people and the number of samples in the study was 20 people. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance test (ANOVA) two lines. The result of study shows (1) The difference effects of block and random training drills in the Citra Kartika students athletes’ ability to smash kedeng. (2) the difference effect the high level foot-eye coordination and the low level foot-eye coordination groups of the Citra Kartika students athletes’ ability to smash kedeng. (3) the influence of the training methods and foot-eye coordination the Citra Kartika students athletes’ ability to smash kedeng.
Kontribusi Kompetensi Pedagogik, Kompetensi Profesional dan Motivasi Kerja terhadap Kinerja Guru Penjasorkes SMP di Kabupaten Pati
Journal of Physical Education and Sports Vol 6 No 2 (2017): August 2017
Publisher : Study Program Education and Sports, Postgraduate Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jpes.v6i2.17397

Abstract

Tujuan Penelitian untuk menganalisis seberapa besar kontribusi kompetensi pedagogik, kompetensi profesional dan motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja guru penjasorkes SMP Negeri di Kabupaten Pati. Penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan 3x1 factor design. Analisis data menggunakan korelasi regresi. Hasil penelitian: (1) Kontribusi kompetensi pedagogik terhadap kinerja guru sebesar 6,9%, (2) Ada kontribusi kompetensi profesional terhadap kinerja guru sebesar 30,23%. (3) Ada kontribusi motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja guru sebesar 7,8%. (4) Ada kontribusi positif antara kompetensi pedagogik dan kompetensi profesional dengan kontribusi sebesar 13,9%. (5) Ada kontribusi positif antara kompetensi Pedagogik dan motivasi kerja dengan kontribusi sebesar 11,3%. (7) Ada kontribusi antara kompetensi pedagogik, kompetensi profesional dan motivasi kerja secara bersama-sama terhadap kinerja guru dengan kontribusi sebesar 15,4%. Simpulan penelitian: Kompetensi pedagogik, kompetensi profesional dan motivasi kerja berkontribusi terhadap kinerja guru penjasorkes SMP Negeri di Kabupaten Pati.The research to analyze the contribution of pedagogic competence, professional competence and motivation to work on teacher performance of of Physical Education and Health Teachers Junior High School in Pati regency. Quantitative research using 3x1 factor design. Analysis of data using regression correlation. Results of the study: (1) Contribution of pedagogical competence of the teacher's performance by 6.9%. (2) There is the contribution of professional competence on teachers performance of 30.23%. (3) There is a contribution of work motivation on teachers performance of 7.8%., (4) There is a positive contribution between pedagogical competence and professional competence with a contribution of 13.9%. (5) There is a positive contribution between Pedagogic competencies and motivation to work with a contribution of 11.3%. (6) There is a contribution between professional competence and motivation to work with a contribution of 12.5%. (7) There is a contribution between pedagogical, professional competence and motivation to work together on teachers performance with a contribution of 15.4% . The conclusions of the study: pedagogical competence, professional competence and motivation to contribute to teachers performance of Physical Education and Health Teachers Junior High School in Pati regency.
Pengembangan Instrumen Tes Kebugaran Jasmani untuk Anak TK Usia 4-6 Tahun
Journal of Physical Education and Sports Vol 6 No 2 (2017): August 2017
Publisher : Study Program Education and Sports, Postgraduate Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jpes.v6i2.17398

Abstract

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk instrumen tes kebugaran jasmani anak TK usia 4-6 tahun berdasarkan komponen kardiorespiratori, muskuloskeletal, morphologi, dan keterampilan gerak dan mengembangkan instrumen tes kebugaran jasmani untuk anak TK usia 4-6 tahun yang memenuhi kriteria valid, reliabel, dan goodness of fit statistic. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian dan pengembangan dengan model Plomp. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada satuan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini di wilayah Kabupaten Banyumas. Hasil penelitian adalah instrumen tes kebugaran jasmani anak TK usia 4-6 tahun, buku panduan penggunaan instrumen tes dan video instruksional pelaksanaan tes. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa instrumen tes kebugaran jasmani untuk anak TK usia 4-6 tahun yang dikembangkan peneliti memenuhi kriteria goodness of fit statistic. Saran yang diajukan pada penelitian ini adalah agar seluruh pihak yang berkepentingan di pendidikan TK untuk menggunakan instrumen tes kebugaran jasmani anak TK yang dikembangkan karena dapat mendeteksi tingkat kesehatan anak di TK secara tepat dan hendaknya penelitian ini dijadikan acuan untuk mengembangkan instrumen tes kebugaran jasmani yang lebih luas lagi.The study aims to describe the physical fitness test instruments kindergarten children aged 4-6 years based on the components of cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, morphology and movement skills; and develop a physical fitness test instruments for kindergarten children aged 4-6 years who meet the criteria for a valid, reliable, and goodness of fit statistic.This research use research and development Plomp models. Research carried out at the unit of Early Childhood Education in the district of Banyumas. Results of the research is a form of physical fitness test instruments kindergarten, guide books use test instruments and instructional videos physical fitness test. The study concluded that the physical fitness test instrument for kindergarten children aged 4-6 years who meet the criteria developed researcher goodness of fit statistic.Suggestions put forward in this study is that all interested parties in preschool education to use test instruments physical fitness of children in kindergartens developed because it can detect the level of health of children in kindergarten appropriately and should this study be used as a reference for developing test instruments physical fitness broader again.
Case Study of Social Women Construction SMA Level on Learning Sports Physical Education and Health (PJOK) in Southern Semarang District
Journal of Physical Education and Sports Vol 7 No 2 (2018): August 2018
Publisher : Study Program Education and Sports, Postgraduate Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jpes.v7i2.19714

Abstract

The study aims to: (1) Assess and describe the social construction of female high school students in South Semarang subdistrict towards learning physical education sport and health. (2) Assess and describe the implementation of high school physical education learning to a female student in South Semarang subdistrict. The research uses descriptive qualitative research design that describes the existing events holistically and systematically. The instruments used are interview guides and blank checklist. Data collection techniques used interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis: qualitative naturalistic that is data analysis based on the real situation (natural). Research: Includes some social construction of female high school student level in South Semarang subdistrict to PJOK learning, (1) Seven of 10 informants construct that learning PJOK is a fun learning, (2) Six of 10 informants construct that sweating is a constraint due to learning PJOK, (3) Three of the 10 informants constructed that PJOK learning was dominated by the students' sons The conclusions of this research are: (1) the social construction of female student high school level in South Semarang subdistrict toward PJOK learning arise because of dominant environment influence (2) Implementation of PJOK Learning in accordance with female students, in particular, should separate female student classes to be more integrated learning, and teacher competence on learning PJOK especially conditioning on female student should be improved.
The Implementation of Media in Teaching and Learning of Physical, Sport, and Health Education Subject
Journal of Physical Education and Sports Vol 7 No 1 (2018): April 2018
Publisher : Study Program Education and Sports, Postgraduate Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jpes.v7i1.19740

Abstract

This study aimed at knowing the implementation of media in teaching and learning of physical, sport, and health education (PJOK) subject in State Senior High Schools (SMA Negeri) throughout Bojonegoro Subdistrict. In order to investigate such phenomenon, this study employed descriptive research. Moreover, the researcher used survey method with questionnaire as the instrument for data collection. Meanwhile, the subjects of this study were physical, sport, and health education teachers teaching at High School throughout Bojonegoro Subdistrict as many 4 teachers from four schools. Further, the data collected from the subjects of the study were analyzed by using the technique of descriptive percentage. The results showed that the implementation of the media in teaching and learning of physical, sport, and health education in High School throughout Bojonegoro subdistrict achieved “average” category.
Evaluasi Pembinaan Olahraga Prestasi Bola Voli Pantai Puteri Klub Ivojo (Ikatan Voli Ngembalrejo) di Kabupaten Kudus Tahun 2016
Journal of Physical Education and Sports Vol 6 No 3 (2017): December 2017
Publisher : Study Program Education and Sports, Postgraduate Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jpes.v6i3.20584

Abstract

Penelitian pembinaan bola voli pantai putri Klub Ivojo Kudus bertujuan: (1) mengevaluasi latar belakang, visi, misi dan tujuan pembinaan, (2) mengevaluasi Sumber Daya Manusia (atlet dan pelatih), sarana prasarana dan sumber dana, (3) mengevaluasi pelaksanaan program latihan, penerimaan atlet dan pelatih, penyediaan, penggunaan dan pemeliharaan sarana prasarana, perencanaan dan penggunaan dana, (4) mengevaluasi prestasi yang dicapai dan kesejahteraan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan evaluasi program model CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product). Subyek penelitian ini meliputi pengurus, pelatih, atlet serta masyarakat. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan langkah-langkah sebagai berikut: (1) pengumpulan data, (2) reduksi data, (3) penyajian data, dan (4) penarikan kesimpulan. Penelitian pembinaan bola voli pantai putri Klub Ivojo Kudus dapat disimpulkan bahwa (1) Context yang terdiri dari aspek visi, misi, latar belakang pembinaan dan tujuan pembinaan sangat baik, (2) Input yang terdiri dari pelatih dan atlet kategori cukup, sarana dan prasarana dalam ketegori sangat baik, serta sumber dana dalam katergori cukup. (3) Process yang terdiri dari pelaksanaan program latihan kategori sangat baik, proses penerimaan pelatih kategori cukup dan atlet kategori kurang sekali, penyediaan, penggunaan, pemeliharaan sarana prasarana kategori cukup, perencanaan dan penggunaan dana kategori cukup. (4) Product yang terdiri dari prestasi yang didapatkan kurang, kesejahteraan cukup. Saran yang diberikan peneliti adalah pengurus agar lebih selektif dalam sistem perekrutan atlet maupun pelatih, pelatih harus terus mengembangkan ilmu pelatihannya, atlet agar lebih semangat untuk berprestasi tinggi.Research coaching beach volleyball women's club Ivojo Holy aims (1) to evaluate the background, vision, mission and goals of development, (2) evaluate the process of admission of athletes and coaches, facilities and funds, (3) evaluate the implementation of the exercise program, the implementation of the admission of athletes and coaches, infrastructure and funds, (4) evaluate the achievements and wellbeing. This study used a qualitative approach using a model program evaluation CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product). The subjects of the study include administrators, coaches, and athletes. Data collection techniques are observation, interviews, documentation. The data obtained were analyzed qualitatively with the steps as follows: (1) data collection, (2) data reduction, (3) data, and (4) conclusion. Research coaching beach volleyball women's club Ivojo Holy concluded that (1) Context which is comprised of aspects of the vision, mission, background coaching and purpose of coaching is very good, (2) Input composed of coaches and athletes enough categories, facilities and infrastructure to the category of very well, as well as sufficient funding in the category. (3) Process which consists of the implementation of the training program is very good category, the admissions process and athlete coaches enough categories all categories less, sufficient facilities and infrastructure category, and sufficient funding category. (4) Product consisting of the achievements earned less category, welfare enough. The advice given by researchers is the board is expected to be more selective in the recruitment of athletes and coaches, coaches are expected to continue to develop the science of training, athletes to be more passion for excellence.
Evaluasi Program Pemusatan Latihan Cabang Olahraga Senam Kabupaten Pati Persiapan Kejuaraan Provinsi Jawa Tengah
Journal of Physical Education and Sports Vol 6 No 3 (2017): December 2017
Publisher : Study Program Education and Sports, Postgraduate Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jpes.v6i3.20585

Abstract

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian evaluasi program menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, dengan model pendekatan evaluasi program Countenance Model, sumber data penelitian meliputi pengurus PERSANI Pengkab Pati, pelatih senam, dan atlet senam di Kabupaten Pati. Teknik mengumpulkan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi dan triangulasi data. Analisis datanya; reduksi data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian: atecendent dalam program pemusatan latihan senam di Kabupaten Pati tidak bisa berjalan dengan baik. Sarana prasarana tidak baik. Dukungan pemerintah masih minim. Sumber daya manusia sudah baik. Biaya program pemusatan latihan senam masih minim. Transcation pelaksanaan latihan program pemusatan latihan senam di Kabupaten Pati berjalan baik. Penerimaan atlet tidak ada seleksi khusus. Pelatih ditunjuk dari mantan atlet. Penggunaan sarana dan prasarana kurang baik, koordinasi sudah baik. Outcome program pemusatan latihan senam ada peningkatan hasil kemampuan atlet selama latihan dan peningkatan prestasi atlet. Kesejahteraan atlet dan pelatih masih kurang baik.This is a research on program evaluation by way of qualitative method, and program evaluation approach of Countenance Model; sources of data for this research are the District Board of the Indonesian Gymnastics Association (PERSANI) of Pati, all gymnasts and their coaches in Pati District. Techniques used to collect the data are by way of observation, interview, documentation, and data triangulation. Data analysis procedures: data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusion. Research result demonstrates: The antecedentcondition of the training center program didn’t develop quite well. The means and facilities were poor. Government support was inadequate. Human resources were improved. The training center program was poorly financed. The progress of thetransaction/ processof the training center program was good. There was no specific selection system developed to recruit the athletes. Coaches were former athletes. The means and facilities were poorly used, while the coordination was good. The outcomeof the training center program showed progress in the athletes’ skills during the training and increase in their performance. The athletes and their coaches’ welfare was not favorable.
Pengaruh Metode Latihan dan Panjang Tungkai terhadap Hasil Servis pada Atlet Sepaktakraw Kabupaten Demak
Journal of Physical Education and Sports Vol 6 No 3 (2017): December 2017
Publisher : Study Program Education and Sports, Postgraduate Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jpes.v6i3.20586

Abstract

Menyepak merupakan ibu dari permainan sepaktakraw, servis merupakan serangan awal yang dilakukan oleh tekong. Komponen kodisi fisik yang dibutuhkan untuk melakukan servis adalah power otot tungkai karena servis membutuhkan ayunan kaki yang kuat dan cepat. Metode latihan lunge split dan step up merukan metode latihan yang dapat meningkatkan power otot tungkai. Penelitian ekperimen dirancang menggunakan group desain dengan factorial 2x2. Penelitian dilakukan di PSTI Kabupaten Demak, sampel penelitian 20 atlet usia 13-18 tahun dengan mengunakan purposive sampling. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) Metode latihan step up lebih baik dari pada metode latihan lunge split untuk meningkatkan servis; (2) Panjang tungkai tinggi lebih baik dari pada panjang tungkai rendah untuk meningkatkan servis; (3) Terdapat interaksi antara metode latihan dan panjang tungkai terhadap hasil servis.Kicking is the main part of Sepaktakraw game. Servicing is an initial kicking attack carried out by main kicker (Tekong). A powerful service needs leg muscle power, which means that it needs strong and quick leg. Lunge split and step up methods can increase leg muscle power. This study was an experimental research used 2x2 factorial group design. It was conducted in PSTI Demak regency on 20 athletes aged 13-18 years as samples selected by using purposive sampling. The conclusions are: (1) step up exercise method was better than the lunge split to improve the service power; (2) leg length of higher category was better than the lower one to improve the service power; (3) There was an interaction between the exercise method and the leg length towards the service power.

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