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Sospol : Jurnal Sosial Politik

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Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

ISSN : 20888090 EISSN : 25976648 DOI : -

Core Subject : Social,

Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

The Social and Political Research Center (PKSP), Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang proudly presents Journal Sospol (Sospol: Jurnal Sosial Politik). Journal Sospol cordially invites researchers, academicians, and experts to submit research on sociology, communications, international relations, governance, and social welfare sciences.

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Articles 282 Documents

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Indeks Penulis dan Subjek Subjek, Indeks Penulis dan
Sospol : Jurnal Sosial Politik Vol 3, No 2 (2017): Juli-Desember
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Regionalisme dan Kompleksitas Laut China Selatan Maksum, Ali
Sospol : Jurnal Sosial Politik Vol 3, No 1 (2017): Januari-Juni
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Abstrak Hubungan antara regionalisme dan kompleksitas Laut China Selatan (LCS) jelas penting untuk diteliti lebih lanjut. Hal ini karena dampak dari sengketa LCS jelas berpengaruh terhadap stabilitas politik dan keamanan di Asia Tenggara. Tujuan utama artikel ini adalah untuk memahami konflik, latar belakang dan dampak dari sengketa LCS di negara-negara kawasan tersebut. Artikel ini dibagi menjadi enam bagian yaitu regionalisme dan LCS, sejarah konflik LCS, profil negara pengklaim, regionalisme dan solusi perdamaian, LCS dan keamanan regional dan kesimpulan. Penelitian ini juga dilengkapi dengan beberapa visualisasi untuk mengajak pembaca dalam sebuah imajinasi mendalam tentang LCS. Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa regionalisme Asia Tenggara menghadapi tantangan serius di tengah ancaman China yang berhasil mengambil keuntungan dari lemahnya multilateral ASEAN terkait masalah tersebut.Kata kunci: keamanan, konflik, Laut China Selatan, regionalisme,Abstract The relationship between regionalism and the complexity of the South China Sea (SCS) issues is obviously critical to be examined. This is because the impact of the SCS disputes are clearly influence to the political and security stability in Southeast Asia. The primary objective of this article is to understand the conflicts, background and impact of the SCS disputes on the regional member states. This article is divided into six sections namely regionalism and the SCS, history of SCS conflicts, profile of claimant states, regionalism and peace solutions, SCS and regional security and conclusion. This study is also supplemented by some visualizations to engage the readers in deep imagination on the SCS. The author concludes that Southeast Asian regionalism was facing serious challenges vis-à-vis China which successfully took benefit from the ASEAN's weak multilateral approach on this issue.Keywords: conflict, security, South China Sea, regionalism

Classical Liberalism and Self-Reference Approach In Dealing With Harmonisation ASEAN IPR Regulations Nurika, Rizki Rahmadini; Yekti, Septian Nur
Sospol : Jurnal Sosial Politik Vol 5, No 2 (2019): Juli-Desember (In Press)
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) regulates the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) in its relation with their economic activities. It was stipulated in the ASEAN Framework Agreement on Intellectual Property Cooperation in 1995. As the ASEAN member states are also the member of World Trade Organization (WTO), the principles of AEC have to be in harmony with the WTO principles. This paper analyzes the compliance of ASEAN IPR laws with the principles of Trade Related to Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) of WTO. Second, this paper analyzes the enforcement of those regulations in the member states, finding out whether there is implementation in the region that is different with the international principles or not. It is a part of qualitative research that used secondary data to complete the explanative analysis. Classical liberalism and self-reference criterion becomes theoretical framework of analysis. Classical liberalism promotes laissez-faire economics and private property in the means of production. Meanwhile, self-reference criterion refers to an unconscious reference to one?s own culture, values, knowledge, and experience as a basis for decisions. The result reveals that the ASEAN IPR regulations have different specific and special nature with the TRIPs, affected by the characteristics of the nations.

Upaya Menciptakan Budaya Anti Korupsi melalui Tradisi Banjar Novitasari, Novitasari
Sospol : Jurnal Sosial Politik Vol 5, No 1 (2019): Januari-Juni
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Corruption crimes have long occurred in Indonesia and the perpetrators are not infrequently involving various groups of societies. Whereas preventive measures have not focused much directly on civil society. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to uncover the efforts to develop an anti-corruption culture in the community through the implementation of the banjar. This study uses a qualitative approach to the case study method. Data are obtained through interviews and literature studies. Data analysis techniques use the Miles and Huberman model. The result of the study shows that the implementation of banjar is one of the community's efforts to cultivate anti-corruption values. The suggestions that the writer can give are based on the results of this study, namely: 1) Indonesian people are rich in local wisdom which contains positive values including the implementation of this banjar so that it must be preserved; 2) the cultivation of the value of anti-corruption through the implementation of banjar is an experience that can be a reference in learning in formal education in schools and universities so that it has sustainable benefits

Kebijakan Pertumbuhan Industri dan Munculnya Masyarakat yang Anomi Hayat, Muhammad
Sospol : Jurnal Sosial Politik Vol 2, No 1 (2016): Juli - Desember
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

AbstrakKebijakan pembangunan Indonesia yang menekankan pada pertumbuhan telah tersirat pada pengembangan yang terkonsentrasi di wilayah perkotaan. Ini adalah efek dari ruang penyangkalan merebut modal di arena Darwin disebut sebagai "survival of the fittest." Ini adalah arena di mana persaingan sangat ketat dan kompetitif sehingga orang-orang yang kekurangan kemampuan akan dihilangkan. Dalam konteks masyarakat kota, orang-orang yang tidak memiliki apapun kemampuan kompetitif akhirnya akan menjadi kelompok marjinal. Selanjutnya, dalam piramida masyarakat kota, kelompok-kelompok marginal akan membangun komunitas baru yang pasti akan menghasilkan nilai-nilai baru dengan cara dan selera mereka sendiri. Sosiologis, dapat dipahami sebagai munculnya masyarakat dengan nilai-nilai "liyan".Industri dengan pertumbuhan sebagai fokus utamanya telah menciptakan jenis masyarakat anomali (yang membuat kelompok lain atau dirinya sendiri / dirinya tidak ada atau "liyan"). Anomali masyarakat telah direkam dari produksi kesadaran kolektif dengan kepentingan ekonomis sebagai orientasi utama. Ini akan memunculkan satu-dimensi-masyarakat yang membuat modal mencari cara-cara hidup mereka dalam kehidupan. Bahkan kondisi ini telah menghilangkan ruang publik dalam komunikasi masyarakat.Kata kunci: anomali masyarakat, kebijakan, pertumbuhan industri AbstractThe policy of Indonesian development emphasizing on the growth has implied on the concentrated development in the city areas. It is the effect of the contesting space seizing capital is in the arena Darwin called as ?survival of the fittest.? It is an arena where competition is very tight and higly competitive so the ones who are lack of capability will be naturally eliminated. In the context of the city society, the ones who don?t possess any competitive ability will finally become the marginal groups. Next, in the pyramid of city society, those marginal groups will build a new community who will surely produce the new values with their own ways and tastes. Sociologically, it is understood as the emergence of society with truly ?liyan? values of the natural pyramid of the city society before the urbanisation waves happen. Industrial growth emphasizing on the economic growth has implied on how an individual or a group interact with others. Then the main building of the interactions will finally come to economical interests and the non-existence of the human values. At the end the common spaces which are built together will always be in the economical perspective.Key words: anomalous society, industrial growth, policy

Chinaâ€™s Public Diplomacy Through the Utilization of Investment and Censorship in Hollywood (2012 â€“ 2016) Baskoro, Riski M; Theresia, Amalia Agustina; Raharyo, Anggara
Sospol : Jurnal Sosial Politik Vol 5, No 1 (2019): Januari-Juni
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

The conduct of traditional public diplomacy was merely concerned on the engagement of state actors. Not to mention, diplomatic communication is only occurred between the government officials by intention to earned political changes in targeted countries. Recently, public diplomacy is mainly focused on the positive reputation building in the other country and is conducted through political and economic cooperation among two countries or more, by involving the non-state actors also. Starting from its economic reforms initiative, China is engaged in international trade and successfully became one of global economic powers. By its rapid raise, China is feared to be a national threat to other countries, be it politically, economically, or even for the national security. Even more, the Western media often portrays China?s image in a negative light. Hence, in improving its global image, China expands its global outreach by establishing cooperation with the United States film industry, Hollywood, that strengthen by the 2012?s Memorandum of Understanding upon film industry, also by implementing Chinese censorship policy, where negative portrayals of China is prohibited. The conduct of censorship itself would be supervised under state-ruled agency, the SAPPRFT, and is supported by the involvement of Chinese multinational companies investors. Through this research study, the effort of China?s public diplomacy on the utilization of Hollywood as the United States film industry would be proven through new public diplomacy theory. Further, the role of multinational corporations will be assessed due to its essential contribution in enhancing Chinese censorship in Hollywood films for its global release.

Perubahan Perilaku Politik Luar Negeri Tiongkok terhadap Isu Laut Tiongkok Selatan Darmawan, Arief Bakhtiar
Sospol : Jurnal Sosial Politik Vol 4, No 2 (2018): Juli-Desember
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

This article aims to explore China's foreign policy changes on the South China Sea dispute (SCS) since China has been willing to participate in regional or multilateral forums to date. This article argues that although the main characters and narratives of China?s foreign policy tend to be consistent, Chinese foreign policy behavior is changing. This study is a qualitative research that using non-numerical data sources, both primary and secondary. China's foreign policy behavior on the issue of SCS is divided into four phases. First, the passive and defensive phases. China still suspects that multilateral forums are a way of suppressing Chinese interests. Second, active phase. In this phase, China begins to believe in itself as a big and powerful country so as not to worry that multilateral forums will threaten its national security. Third, the initiative phase. China goes a step further by initiating some important multilateral initiative and multilateral breakthroughs in the long term project. Fourth, assertive phase. In this phase, China is involved in several incidents, consistent with their interests, while trying to refrain from initiating an open war. Through the change of foreign policy, China has adapted itself to contemporary international politics and has maintained its national interest in SCS.

Internasionalisasi dan Internalisasi Wacana War on Terror Kedang, Ambrosius Yustinus
Sospol : Jurnal Sosial Politik Vol 3, No 2 (2017): Juli-Desember
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

AbstrakPeristiwa 9/11 menimbulkan reaksi tegas dari Amerika Serikat (AS). AS melalui Presiden Bush dalam pidatonya pada tanggal 20 September 2001 menyatakan perang melawan terorisme ?War On Teror?. Pernyataan ini dengan cepat menginternasional dan menginternalisasi negara-negara di dunia termasuk Indonesia. War On Teror mengkonstruksi dunia, memberikan identitas, norma, tingkah laku dan kepentingan yang baru bagi aktor-aktor dalam hubungan internasional dan bagi komunitas internasional. Wacana War on Terror kemudian mendorong masing-masing negara untuk membentuk berbagai aturan (norma) dan lembaga untuk mendukung War on Terror. Aturan-aturan ini mengatur pola tingkah laku dalam negara tersebut dan mengatur dan membentuk pola tingkah laku negara tersebut dalam menjalin hubungan dengan negara lain dalam komunitas internasional. Dengan teori konstrukstivis, khususnya melalui analisis wacana, penulis menunjukkan proses bagaimana wacana War on Terror menjadi suatu norma internasional dan diinternalisasi oleh berbagai negara di luar Amerika sebagai norma domestiknya. Secara khusus penulis mengangkat Indonesia sebagai contoh proses internalisasi wacana War on Terror.Kata Kunci: Internalisasi, Internasionalisasi, Konstruktivis, Wacana War on Terror. AbstractThe events of 9/11 cause reactions firmly from America. America through President; Bush in his speech on September 20, 2001 declared war against terrorism "War On Terror". This statement has been quickly internationalized and internalized the countries in the world including Indonesia. War On Terror the construction world, give identity, norms, behaviors and interests of new actors in international relations and for the international community. Discourse about War on Terror forces every country to make some rules and institutions to support War on Terror. These rules regulate the pattern of attitude of the country and also regulate and shape the pattern of attitude of the country in making relations with other countries in international communities. With Constructivism, In particular with discourse analysis the author shows the process of how the discourse of War on Terror becomes an international norm and internalized by many countries outside the United States as its domestic norms. In particular the author raised the Indonesia as an example of the process of internalization of the discourse of War on Terror.Keywords: Constructivism, Discourse War on Terror, Internalization, Internationalization.

The Victory of Pluralism: The Role of International Law in The South China Sea Dispute Siahaan, Verdinand Robertua
Sospol : Jurnal Sosial Politik Vol 3, No 1 (2017): Januari-Juni
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

AbstractThis research discussed the role of Permanent Court of Arbitration?s decision on the dynamic of South China Sea dispute. Court?s decision in July 2016 to regulate South China Sea based on UNCLOS?s regulation has provoked China?s objection. This research question is on how to understand the role of international law in the South China Sea dispute using English School Theory. To answer the research question, this research is using English School Theory with its two pillars namely pluralism and solidarism. This research shows two findings. First, the PCA decision has been used by the Philippines to be momentum for transformation from solidarist mode of foreign policy to pluralist mode. Secondly, the pluralism pillar of English School is more relevant in analyzing the role of international law on South China Sea Dispute.Key words: English School, international law, Permanent Court of Arbitration, pluralism, solidarism, South China Sea AbstrakPenelitian ini membahas peran Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) di dalam resolusi konflik Laut Tiongkok Selatan (LTS). Keputusan PCA yang menggunakan UNCLOS sebagai tata kelola LTS memprovokasi kemarahan Tiongkok. Pertanyaan penelitian ini adalah bagaimana memahami peran hukum internasional dalam konflik Laut Tiongkok Selatan menggunakan teori English School. English School dengan kedua pilarnya pluralisme dan solidarisme menjadi pisau analisis utama untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian. Penelitian ini menghasilkan dua kesimpulan. Pertama, keputusan PCA digunakan sebagai Filipina sebagai momentum transformasi kebijakan luar negeri Filipina dari solidarisme menjadi pluralisme. Kedua, pilar pluralisme lebih relevan menjelaskan peran hukum internasional dalam sengketa Laut Tiongkok Selatan.Kata kunci: English School, hukum internasional, Laut Tiongkok Selatan, Permanent Court of Arbitration, pluralisme, solidarisme

Implementasi Doktrin Tridarma Ekakarma Melalui Teori Perimbangan Kekuatan Rahman, Faisal
Sospol : Jurnal Sosial Politik Vol 4, No 1 (2018): Januari-Juni
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

AbstrakTulisan ini menganalisis tentang implementasi Doktrin TNI yaitu Doktrin Tridarma Ekakarma (Tridek) dengan menggunakan Teori Perimbangan Kekuatan. Teori yang digunakan merupakan teori versi Barry Posen yang menggunakan tiga variabel, yaitu geografi, teknologi, dan koalisi. Teori tersebut berasumsi bahwa variabel teknologi merupakan variabel yang paling melihat ke arah luar negara dalam sebuah doktrin militer. Melalui teori Perimbangan Kekuatan, Doktrin Tridek dalam melihat ke arah luar negara memiliki berbagai kendala. Dalam variabel geografi, kendala utamanya adalah pemerintah dan TNI cenderung melihat ancaman berasal dari dalam negara. Dalam variabel teknologi, pemerintah telah melakukan berbagai upaya untuk mencapai MEF TNI yang diharapkan tercapai pada tahun 2024, namun salah satu kendala terbesarnya adalah terbatasnya anggaran yang dialokasikan oleh pemerintah untuk pemenuhan MEF TNI tersebut. Dalam variabel koalisi, salah satu kendala terbesarnya adalah masing-masing negara dalam kerja sama pertahanan, khususnya kerja sama multilateral, mempunyai agenda dan kepentingan yang berbeda dengan negara lain sehingga menyebabkan kerja sama pertahanan tersebut terhambat kemajuannya. Namun, dari berbagai upaya pemerintah dan TNI melalui Doktrin Tridek untuk melihat ke arah luar negara, variabel koalisi merupakan variabel yang mempunyai pengaruh terbesar dalam implementasi Doktrin Tridek. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari dilakukannya strategi hedging oleh pemerintah yang dijalankan oleh Kementerian Pertahanan dan TNI melalui diplomasi pertahanan berjalan lebih baik jika dibandingkan dengan variabel-variabel lainnya yang memiliki kendala yang rumit.Kata kunci: Doktrin, Geografi, Koalisi, Perimbangan Kekuatan, Teknologi AbstractThis paper analyzes the implementation of TNI doctrine, Tridarma Ekakarma Doctrine (Tridek) by using Balance of Power Theory. Based on this theory, Barry Posen uses three determinant variables named geography, technology, and coalition. It assumes that technological is outwardly looking variable in a military doctrine. Through the theory of Balance of Power, Tridek doctrine in looking beyond the state has various constraints. In geographic variables, the main constraint is that the government and TNI tend to see threats coming from within the country. In technological variables, the government has made various efforts to achieve the TNI MEF which is expected to be achieved by 2024, but one of the biggest obstacles is the limited budget allocated by the government to the fulfillment of the TNI MEF. In the coalition's variables, one of the biggest obstacles is that each country in defense cooperation, especially multilateral cooperation, has different agendas and interests with other nations, causing such defense cooperation to hamper its progress. However, from various government and TNI efforts through Tridek doctrine to look beyond the state, coalition variables are the variables that have the greatest influence in the implementation of the Tridek Doctrine. This can be seen from the implementation of hedging strategies by the government run by the Ministry of Defense and TNI through defense diplomacy runs better when compared with other variables that have complex constraints.Keywords: Balance of Power, Coalition, Doctrine, Geography, Technology

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