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INDONESIA
Indonesian Physical Review
Published by Universitas Mataram
ISSN : 26151278     EISSN : 26147904     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Education,
Education Physics
Indonesian Physical Review is a peer review journal which is managed and published by Physics Departement, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Mataram. This journal is published periodically three times a year, in January, May and September. IPR is Open Accsess for all readers and includes research developments in physics both experimentally and analytically. Focus and scope include Theoritical Physics, Computation, Material sciences, Instrumentation, Biophysics, Geophysics, and Optics.
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Articles 11 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)" : 11 Documents clear
SUBSURFACE SOIL CHARACTERISATION USING VERTICAL ELECTRICAL SOUNDING FOR SUPPORTING INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AT SYIAH KUALA UNIVERSITY Amsir, Amsir; Masrurah, Zakia; Aflah, Nurul; Pramana, Agus Hari; Baramsyah, Haqul
Indonesian Physical Review Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ipr.v9i1.529

Abstract

This study characterises the subsurface soil properties in the western sector of Syiah Kuala University, specifically the Kopelma Darussalam area, using Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) with a Schlumberger configuration. Nine measurement points were deployed to obtain resistivity profiles supporting infrastructure development planning. The results indicate that the surface layer (0–15 m) exhibits high resistivity (12.0–270.2 Ωm), suggesting dry sandy material with high permeability and sufficient bearing capacity. Below 15–30 m, resistivity decreases (1.9–26.5 Ωm), indicating a water-saturated layer potentially functioning as an aquifer, which has implications for soil stability. The deepest layers (>30 m) show low resistivity (<5 Ωm), reflecting low-permeability materials less suitable for heavy construction, though some high-resistivity anomalies suggest dense sandstone formations suitable for foundations. These findings provide preliminary geotechnical zoning insights, aiding developers in selecting appropriate foundation locations, improving construction safety, and ensuring long-term infrastructure stability at University Syiah Kuala.
FORMULATION OPTIMIZATION OF SWAMP VEGETATION NATURAL DYES FOR DSSC USING SIMPLEX LATTICE DESIGN Muhammad Rizki Azra; Tamrin Tamrin; Haisen Hower
Indonesian Physical Review Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ipr.v9i1.528

Abstract

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) are third-generation photovoltaic devices capable of using natural pigments as photosensitizers. This study aims to optimize the efficiency of DSSC by using formulations of a combination of natural dyes extracted from swamp vegetation: water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), senduduk fruit (Melastoma malabathricum), and primrose willow (Ludwigia peruviana). These dyes, which are rich in chlorophyll, anthocyanins, and carotenoids, respectively, were formulated in different volume combinations using the Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method. The experimental results show that the mixture of natural dyes can expand the absorption range of visible light wavelengths and enhance the performance of DSSC. The optimal dye combination, consisting of 1.827 mL water hyacinth and 3.173 mL senduduk fruit, yielded an efficiency of 0.050% with a desirability score of 1. This study highlights the potential of swamp vegetation as a sustainable and low-cost alternative for DSSC applications and demonstrates the effective use of statistical modeling to optimize dye formulations.
SYNTHESIS OF NANOHYDROXYAPATITE FROM BUKIT JIMBARAN LIMESTONE Amerta, Gede Arya; Mardana, Ida Bagus Putu; Yasa, Putu
Indonesian Physical Review Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ipr.v9i1.548

Abstract

The global demand for biocompatible biomimetic materials drives the development of nanohydroxyapatite (HAp) for biomedical applications. This study aims to synthesize nanohydroxyapatite (Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂) from Bukit Jimbaran limestone, Bali, through a precipitation method. XRF analysis shows that the limestone contains 99.62% CaO, which is the main source of calcium. FTIR results detect the presence of phosphate (PO₄³⁻), carbonate (CO₃²⁻), calcium oxide (CaO), and hydroxyl (OH⁻) groups, confirming the formation of the typical HAp structure. The XRD diffraction pattern showed good agreement with JCPDS 09-0432, with major peaks on the (211), (112), and (300) planes, lattice parameters a = b = 9.45 Å and c = 6.85 Å, an average crystallite size of 8.70 nm, and a crystallinity of 92.88%. SEM-EDX analysis revealed agglomerated particle morphology, with a Ca content of 32.0 wt.% and a P content of 14.0 wt.%. The high crystallinity and very small crystallite size confirm the potential of this synthesized HAp to enhance bioactivity and accelerate bone integration, making Jimbaran limestone HP a strong candidate in the biomedical sector.
TWISTED INTRAMOLECULAR CHARGE TRANSFER IN STYRYLPENTAFLUOROPHENYL AMINOPYRENE: A DFT AND TDDFT STUDY OF SOLVENT EFFECTS AND MOLECULAR TWISTING DYNAMICS Maftuhin, Wafa; Walter, Michael
Indonesian Physical Review Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ipr.v9i1.543

Abstract

Twisted intramolecular charge transfer is a key feature of donor–acceptor chromophores, significantly influencing their photophysical behavior. These processes are also central to the design of sensing and optoelectronic materials. In this study, we examine styrylpentafluorophenyl aminopyrene, which links a rigid pentafluorostyryl acceptor to a flexible N, N-dimethylaniline donor. Using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT, we optimized ground and excited-state structures, mapped torsional energy surfaces, and explored solvent effects within a dielectric continuum model. The calculations indicate that the pentafluorostyryl unit remains locked in conjugation, while donor twisting through the dimethylaniline group drives the formation of a twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) state. This mechanism reproduces observed solvent-independent absorption and solvent-sensitive fluorescence shifts of about 0.5 eV in polar media. The results place styrylpentafluorophenyl aminopyrene among donor-controlled twisted intramolecular charge transfer systems, while also highlighting how the structural asymmetry of a rigid acceptor and a flexible donor creates a single relaxation pathway. Such design principles can help guide the tuning of charge-transfer emission in functional dyes and related optoelectronic applications. In contrast to previously studied systems, styrylpentafluorophenyl aminopyrene reveals a distinctly donor-controlled mechanism reinforced by a rigid acceptor, establishing a new theoretical basis for predicting twisted intramolecular charge transfer behavior in asymmetric donor–acceptor chromophores.
RADIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF 3D-PRINTED PETG AND TPU AT DIFFERENT INFILL PERCENTAGES FOR BREAST CANCER RADIOTHERAPY BOLUS Abrar, Luthfia Aqila; Sri Herwiningsih; Johan Andoyo Effendi Noor; Faisal Ahlan Rizaldi; Fatimah Kunti Hentihu
Indonesian Physical Review Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ipr.v9i1.531

Abstract

Skin-sparing effect causes the radiation dose at a certain depth to be higher than at the skin surface. A tissue-equivalent material namely bolus is required to increase the radiation dose to the skin surface. Conventional bolus is widely used, it poorly conforms to irregular surface, leading to air gaps and compromising dose distribution accuracy. The three-dimensional (3D) printing technology enables the fabrication of 3D-printed boluses to minimize the air gap in conventional bolus applications. In addition, 3D printing is allowed to modify its infill percentage and infill patterns, minimizing both printing time and material usage but resulting in different radiological and dosimetric characteristics. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate the radiological characteristics of 3D-printed bolus before its application in breast cancer radiotherapy. In this study, the radiological characteristics of 3D-printed Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG) and Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) boluses at different infill percentages have been evaluated. This research utilized eight plate-shaped 3D-printed bolus samples with dimensions of 12 cm × 12 cm × 1 cm, at the infill percentages of 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%. Each bolus sample was scanned using a CT-Simulator to determine its Hounsfield Unit (HU) values and linear attenuation coefficients. The obtained HU values were compared with the HU values of human tissues. The results indicate that both 3D-printed PETG and TPU boluses demonstrate similar equivalency to adipose tissue. Consequently, based on radiological evaluation, PETG and TPU materials are suitable for use in fabricating 3D-printed bolus for breast cancer radiotherapy application.  
FIRST PRINCIPLES STUDY ON ELECTRONIC AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF CoX (X=Cr, Mn, Ti, V) co-DOPED ZnO SEMICONDUCTOR Harry Prayoga; Abdul Rajak; Agustina Widiyani; Priyan Prayogo; Fatimatul Musfiroh; Indra Pardede
Indonesian Physical Review Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ipr.v9i1.530

Abstract

The development of solar energy materials is essential for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, their performance is often limited by the electronic and optical properties of commonly used semiconductors. Unlike previous DFT studies mostly focused on non–transition metal dopants (e.g., Al, Ga), this work explores pristine ZnO, single cobalt (Co) doping, and CoX (X = chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), titanium (Ti), and vanadium (V)) codoping to reveal how single and dual 3d-orbital interactions modify its electronic and optical behavior. This study investigates the effects of transition metal codoping CoX (X = Cr, Mn, Ti, V) on ZnO using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and DFT with Hubbard U correction (DFT+U) within the Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) to evaluate opto-electronic properties. The bandgap of pristine ZnO was calculated as ~0.80 eV with standard DFT, while ZnO-Co and ZnO-CoX exhibited zero bandgap with a flatband due to conduction band overlap with the Fermi level, indicating metallic behavior resulting from d-orbital contributions. DFT+U improved the pristine ZnO bandgap to ~1.08 eV, although Co-doped and CoX co-doped remained metallic. Orbital resolved analysis shows that Ti and V introduce states near the valence band, while Cr and Mn shift states deeper below the Fermi level, reflecting distinct d-orbital interactions. The theoretical band gaps underestimated experimental values due to strong electron correlation in ZnO. Optical analysis revealed that Co and CoX codoping shifts the absorption edge into the visible range and enhances the absorption intensity. The presence of dopants alters the electronic band structure and enhances optical absorption in the visible range, underscoring their effectiveness in engineering ZnO-based semiconductors for optimized optoelectronic responses.
ANALYSIS OF SOIL DYNAMICS AND GROUND MOVEMENT VULNERABILITY USING THE HVSR METHOD BASED ON MICROTREMOR MEASUREMENTS IN THE SEMPU AREA, PASURUAN Yuansyah Dhaniar Ramadhan; Adedio Daniel Situmeang; M. Rizky Saputra; Safira Nur Cholisatin; Divana Zumrotul Asyfiya; Alif Haidar Safrian; Muhammad Nurul Fahmi; Madlazim Madlazim; Arie Realita
Indonesian Physical Review Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ipr.v9i1.561

Abstract

The Sempu Area, located in Cowek Village, Purwodadi Subdistrict, Pasuruan Regency, has a high potential for ground movement due to its lithological conditions, which consist of loose volcanic deposits and weathered sedimentary rocks, thereby increasing the risk of seismic wave amplification. This study aims to analyze the dynamics and soil vulnerability to ground movement phenomena using the Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) method based on microtremor data. Data collection was conducted at 15 measurement points using a three-component seismograph, with a recording duration of 20 minutes per point. The data were analyzed using SeismoWin for signal filtering, Geopsy for extracting the fundamental frequency (f₀) and amplification values, and Surfer and ArcGIS for spatial visualization in the form of dominant frequency maps, amplification maps, and soil vulnerability index (Kg) distribution. The results showed that the dominant frequency values ranged from 2.75 to 5.92 Hz, with a maximum amplification value of 6.18. The most vulnerable zones were identified in the central part of the hamlet, specifically at points 10 and 14, which exhibited the highest Kg value of 14.12. These findings indicate the presence of significant local resonance zones arising from unconsolidated lithology, thereby increasing the risk of damage from seismic shaking. The implications of this study support land-use planning based on seismic microzonation and the development of more precise disaster mitigation strategies in areas prone to ground movement.
EVALUATION OF THE C4.5 METHOD FOR THUNDERSTORM CLASSIFICATION AT SULTAN HASANUDDIN AIRPORT USING RADIOSONDE STABILITY INDICES (2013–2024) Muhammad Syawal; Eko Hadi Sujiono; Husain Husain; Adi Prasetiyo
Indonesian Physical Review Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ipr.v9i1.570

Abstract

Thunderstorms pose a serious threat to aviation, including at Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport. Weather forecasters typically utilize radiosonde data, including the Showalter Index (SI), Lifted Index (LI), K Index (KI), and Precipitable Water (PW), to categorize thunderstorm occurrences. These data have varying values, which can potentially cause overlapping index distributions and subjectivity in decision-making. Therefore, the C4.5 method is needed to minimize this potential. The C4.5 method generally consists of root nodes to leaf nodes derived from gain and entropy information. This research aims to classify thunderstorm occurrences using the C4.5 method and verify them with accuracy, recall, balanced accuracy, True Skill Statistic (TSS), and Critical Success Index (CSI). The data used in this study span the period from 2013 to 2024, with a 12-hour time interval (00 UTC and 12 UTC), encompassing SI, LI, KI, and PW data sourced from radiosonde launches, as well as thunderstorm occurrence data obtained from synop codes. The data from 2013 to 2024 was then divided into two parts, namely training data (2013-2021) and testing data (2022-2024). The classification results for 2022-2024 were dominated by the non-occurrence of thunderstorms, with 1901 occurrences, while there were only 31 thunderstorm occurrences. For the overall verification results, the C4.5 method achieves a relatively good accuracy (0.785). However, recall (0.027), balanced accuracy (0.507), TSS (0.014), and CSI (0.026) have low values. 
MAGNETIC CHARACTERISTICS AND MINERAL COMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF KARST ROCKS FROM RAMMANG-RAMMANG KARST AREA, MAROS REGENCY, SOUTH SULAWESI, INDONESIA Syahruni, Risda; Susanto, Agus; Arsyad, Muhammad; Subaer, Subaer; Husain, Husain
Indonesian Physical Review Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ipr.v9i1.575

Abstract

This study investigates the magnetic characteristics and mineral composition of rocks in the Rammang-Rammang Karst area, Maros Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, to clarify lithological variability and its implications for local magnetic anomalies. A total of 25 rock samples collected from field sampling points were analysed using a Bartington Susceptibility Meter, while five samples were further examined with a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The magnetic susceptibility values range from –0.6 to 10.5 m³/kg, indicating a predominance of diamagnetic behaviour with minor contributions from paramagnetic and antiferromagnetic minerals. Hysteresis curve analysis from VSM confirmed the consistency between magnetic responses and susceptibility measurements. XRF results show that Ca dominates the rocks (>95%), with minor amounts of Fe, Ti, Si, Mn, Cu, Sr, Mo, In, and Co, as well as trace amounts of rare-earth elements (Lu, Eu). XRD analysis confirmed calcite (CaCO₃) as the principal mineral phase, with crystallite sizes ranging from 39 to 44 nm, and the presence of dolomite in sample T18. The spatial distribution of magnetic susceptibility indicates that most of the study area exhibits low and negative values, reflecting diamagnetic behaviour. Whereas the highest value occurs at sampling point T12, which localizes the highest-susceptibility area, marked in red. These results indicate that the magnetic variability of Rammang-Rammang rocks is controlled by minor accessory magnetic minerals, providing valuable insights for mineral exploration and mitigating local magnetic anomalies.  
PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF 3D-PRINTED HIPS BOLUSES AT DIFFERENT THICKNESSES AND INFILL DENSITIES FOR RADIOTHERAPY Faisal Ahlan Rizaldi; Sri Herwiningsih; Dionysius J.D.H. Santjojo; Luthfia Aqila Abrar
Indonesian Physical Review Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ipr.v9i1.583

Abstract

In external beam radiation therapy, conventional boluses have limitations in conforming to irregular skin surfaces, leading to the formation of air gaps between the skin surface and the bolus. The fabrication of a three-dimensional printed (3D-printed) bolus using 3D printing improves the bolus’s conformity to the irregular skin surface. This study aims to evaluate the physical characteristics and tissue-equivalent properties of HIPS filament and 3D-printed HIPS boluses at different thicknesses and infill densities. The physical characteristics of HIPS filament, including density, electron density, and Relative Electron Density (RED), were measured. At the same time, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was performed to determine the mass fraction percentages of polystyrene and polybutadiene. The 3D-printed HIPS boluses were characterized for bulk density, electron density, RED, water absorption percentage, internal pore size, and total pore volume, with bulk density and RED compared to those of adipose tissue. The physical characteristics of the HIPS filament showed a density of 1.01 g/cm3, an electron density of 3.29 × 1023 electrons/cm3, and a RED of 0.98, resembling those of adipose tissue. The physical characteristics of 3D-printed HIPS boluses at different infill densities showed bulk density ranging from 0.61 g/cm3 to 0.81 g/cm3, electron density ranging from 2.00×1023 electrons/cm3 to 2.63×1023 electrons/cm3, RED ranging from 0.59 to 0.79, and water absorption percentage ranging from 2.9% to 7.9%. The evaluation results showed that the 3D-printed HIPS bolus with a thickness of 0.6 cm and 80% infill density was the optimal configuration, exhibiting the lowest water absorption, smallest internal pore size and total pore volume, with bulk density and RED most similar to those of adipose tissue.

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