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PALAR (Pakuan Law review)
Published by Universitas Pakuan
ISSN : 27160440     EISSN : 26141485     DOI : https://doi.org/10.33751/palar
Core Subject : Social,
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
Pakuan Law Review (PALAR) memuat naskah tentang isu-isu di berbagai bidang hukum yang aktual. PALAR adalah media dwi-tahunan, terbit sebanyak dua nomor dalam setahun (Januari-Juni, dan Juli-Desember) oleh Fakultas Hukum Universitas Pakuan.
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Articles 354 Documents
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Legal Political Configuration Of Law Number 3 Of 2020 Concerning The Transfer Of Licensing And Supervision Of Local Governments To The Central Government Ramadhan Saleh, Azriel Ghiffari
PALAR (Pakuan Law review) Vol 11, No 2 (2025): Volume 11, Nomor 2 April-June 2025
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PAKUAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/palar.v11i2.12712

Abstract

AbstractThe impact of Law No. 3/2020, which transferred mining licensing and supervision from local governments to the central government. This research examines the significant changes in the management of natural resources, particularly minerals and coal, previously regulated by Law No. 4/2009. Although the new law aims to improve investment efficiency and competitiveness, the removal of local government authority has the potential to generate conflict and community discontent. The results of this study show that this centralization of authority creates an authoritarian political configuration, where the aspirations of the community are not represented. In addition, the character of the resulting legal products is considered elite and unresponsive to local needs. This research emphasizes the need for community participation in the legislative process to ensure sustainability and environmental protection as well as the welfare of communities affected by mining activities. Although Law No. 3/2020 aims to simplify the licensing process, major challenges remain in terms of transparency, public participation and environmental protection. Keywords: Licensing Transition, Law Number 3 of 2020, Mining Supervision
Legal Politics Of Job Creation Law Number 6 Of 2023 Concerning Workers' Rights To Wages Mulia, Rafel Putra
PALAR (Pakuan Law review) Vol 11, No 1 (2025): Volume 11, Number 1 January-March 2025
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PAKUAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/palar.v11i1.11975

Abstract

AbstractThe formation of laws and regulations should ideally uphold the principles of participation, transparency, and accountability. However, these principles came under scrutiny during the legislative process of Law No. 11 of 2020 on Job Creation, which was enacted through the omnibus law method by the Government and the House of Representatives. The rapid deliberation process, lack of public participation, and substantial changes in content triggered widespread controversy and constitutional challenges. The Constitutional Court, in Decision No. 91/PUU-XVIII/2020, declared the law conditionally unconstitutional and granted a two-year period for revision. In response, the Government issued Government Regulation in Lieu of Law (Perppu) No. 2 of 2022, which was later ratified as Law No. 6 of 2023. This study aims to analyze the legislative process of the Job Creation Law from the perspective of constitutional law and the principles of sound regulatory drafting. Using a normative juridical approach, the study finds that the main issues lie in the lack of public engagement and procedural inconsistencies, which ultimately affect the law’s legitimacy and enforceability. Keywords: Job Creation Law; Constitutional Court; Legislative Process; Public Participation; Legal Reform.
The Registration Of The Deed Of Grant Of Dependent Rights Electronically Without The Granting Of Power Of Attorney To Ppat By Creditors Is Linked To The Principle Of Legal Certainty Julya, Monique Salcha; Mulyati, Etty; Nurhayati, Elis
PALAR (Pakuan Law review) Vol 11, No 1 (2025): Volume 11, Number 1 January-March 2025
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PAKUAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/palar.v11i1.11838

Abstract

ABSTRACTRegulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5 of 2020 concerning Electronically Integrated Mortgage Rights Services (Permen HT-el) regulates the electronic registration of Mortgage Rights, where the application for registration must be made by the creditor without being authorized by the Land Deed Official (PPAT) as in the conventional Mortgage Rights system. Electronic registration of Mortgage Rights will create legal certainty for the holder of the Mortgage Rights in the form of an Electronic Mortgage Rights Certificate. In practice, there are still creditors who have not or do not register electronic Mortgage Rights at all, causing legal certainty not to be guaranteed because the Mortgage Rights are not born. This study aims to determine and analyze the legal certainty of electronic registration of mortgage rights, where the application for registration is the obligation of the creditor. The research method used is normative juridical, namely research on principles, norms and legal rules. The research specification uses descriptive analytical method, namely by providing an explanation of the facts contained in the research object comprehensively, systematically, accurately and factually and then correlating it with relevant legal theories. The results show that without an application for electronic registration of Mortgage Rights by the creditor, the Mortgage Rights are considered to have never existed. The banking party as the creditor must increase human resources who are ready and there must be additional human resources from the Bank as a creditor specifically to register electronic Mortgage Rights. Keywords: APHT, Electronic Mortgage Rights, Legal Certainty.
Use Of Firearms By Police Forces In The Perspective Of Legal Sociology: A Study On Violence Control And Human Rights Padhilah, Piqi Rizki; Rojikin, Umar; Saebani, Beni Ahmad
PALAR (Pakuan Law review) Vol 11, No 1 (2025): Volume 11, Number 1 January-March 2025
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PAKUAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/palar.v11i1.12016

Abstract

AbstractThe use of firearms by police officers is a complex issue that intersects the necessity of maintaining public security with the obligation to uphold human rights. This study explores the legal and sociological perspectives on the use of force, particularly firearms, by law enforcement officers in controlling violence and addressing human rights concerns. The analysis employs a literature review method, examining various legal frameworks, academic studies, and case studies. The findings reveal that while regulations such as Chief of Police Regulation No. 1 of 2009 provide a legal foundation, implementation in the field often deviates from the principles of proportionality and human rights respect. This highlights the need for comprehensive reforms in policy, monitoring, and training to ensure that law enforcement actions align with justice and human rights standards. This study underscores the importance of integrating sociological insights into the legal framework to achieve balanced law enforcement practices. Keywords : Firearms; Sociology of law; Human rights; Violence control; Police regulation. 
The Character of Legal Products of the Job Creation Law Related to Licensing Simplification Rahmatika, Dana
PALAR (Pakuan Law review) Vol 11, No 1 (2025): Volume 11, Number 1 January-March 2025
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PAKUAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/palar.v11i1.11898

Abstract

AbstractSimplifying the business licensing process is one of the main focuses in Law No. 11/2020 on Job Creation to boost economic growth and attract investment. However, the implementation of this policy faces various challenges, including overlapping regulations, difficulties in implementing the OSS system, and neglect of environmental protection. This research examines the issue of licensing simplification based on Mahfud MD's political theory of law, which distinguishes between democratic political configuration and responsive legal products. The results of the study show that the Job Creation Law is more inclined towards conservative and elite legal characters, which are more concerned with the ease of investment than environmental impacts and public participation. In addition, the drafting process is considered less transparent and does not adequately involve the community, thus creating a legal product that is not responsive to the needs of the people. The simplification of licensing in the Job Creation Law needs to be improved to be in line with the principles of democracy and social justice that form the basis of the Indonesian state. Keywords:  Legal Product Character, Legal Politics, Job Creation Law.
Legal Review of Reporting Opinions and Academic Activities as a Form of Obstruction of Justice Putri, Maria Sylvia; Harefa, Beniharmoni
PALAR (Pakuan Law review) Vol 11, No 4 (2025): Volume 11, Number 4 October-Desember 2025
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PAKUAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/palar.v11i4.12787

Abstract

This study examines the legal conflict between constitutional guarantees of freedom of expression, press, and academia with the need to protect the judicial process from obstruction of justice. In the digital age, media narratives and public opinion exert increasing pressure on law enforcement. This study answers two questions: (1) How has the regulation of obstruction of justice developed in Indonesian criminal law? and (2) How are news reports, opinions, and academic activities categorized as forms of obstruction of justice in the investigation process? Using a normative legal method, the study analyzes regulations, legal principles, and case studies. The results show the evolution of regulations from physical offenses in the old Criminal Code (Article 221) to non-physical offenses in the Corruption Eradication Law (Article 21), to systematic codification in the National Criminal Code. The key finding is that the fundamental demarcation lies in proving malicious intent (mens rea) and malicious conspiracy. The Tian Bahtiar case set a precedent that transactional media activities (“obstruction-for-hire”) lose the protection of the Press Law. It is concluded that regulatory ambiguity, especially the phrase “indirectly,” has the potential to create legal uncertainty and a chilling effect that threatens the social control function of the press and academics.
Comparative Study on the Inclusion of Trans Fat Information in Processed Food Packaging between Indonesia and Singapore Az Zahra, Shabrina Najla; Sakti, Muthia
PALAR (Pakuan Law review) Vol 11, No 4 (2025): Volume 11, Number 4 October-Desember 2025
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PAKUAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/palar.v11i4.12873

Abstract

Abstract Excessive consumption of trans fats can increase LDL and triglyceride levels and decrease HDL levels. Therefore, an instrument is needed to protect consumers when consuming processed foods by including information about trans fat content on processed food packaging. The main topic of this research examines the regulations regarding the inclusion of trans fat information on processed food packaging in Indonesia and Singapore and the government's responsibility to consumers to provide accurate information. The research methods applied are the normative juridical method with a legislative approach, a comparative approach, and a case approach. Library research was applied as a data collection technique. This study shows that regulations regarding the inclusion of trans fat information in Indonesia and Singapore already exist, but there are several differences regarding the limits of trans fat content that can be contained in food and provisions regarding sanctions. Therefore, Indonesia can immediately create regulations regarding sanctions for violations of the inclusion of trans fat information on processed food packaging and consider the implementation of front-of-pack labeling. Keywords : Trans fat, Indonesia, Singapore.
Legal Review Of Decision Number 21-K/Pmt/Ii/Ad/Ii2022 Reviewed From The Competence Of Adjudicating Military Courts In The Case Of Corruption Connectivity Of Army Compulsory Housing Savings Pratama, Harits Surya; Z, Yenny Fitri
PALAR (Pakuan Law review) Vol 11, No 4 (2025): Volume 11, Number 4 October-Desember 2025
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PAKUAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/palar.v11i4.13199

Abstract

Abstract Connection A Connection Case is a form of law enforcement involving both civilian and military actors in the same crime, which is regulated through a special mechanism in the Indonesian legal system. This study examines Decision Number 21-K/PMT-II/AD/II/2022, which relates to the corruption case of the Army's Mandatory Housing Savings Fund (TWP AD). This study analyzes the legal basis, chronology, and reasons for the case being tried in military court, despite the involvement of civilians, as well as the role of the Deputy Attorney General for Military Crimes (JAMPIDMIL) in handling it. The method used is a normative juridical approach with an analysis of court decisions. The results of the study also show that the mechanism in this connection case is not fully in line with the objectives of Law Number 31 of 1997 concerning Military Justice, thus raising questions regarding the effectiveness of just law enforcement.  Keywords: Connectivity, Justice System, Military Corruptions
The Principle of Non Discrimination Against the Unilateral Determination of Payment Method Provisions in Non Cash Buying and Selling Transactions Parhusip, Alizcia Dora; Joesoef, Iwan Erar
PALAR (Pakuan Law review) Vol 12, No 1 (2026): Volume 11, Number 1 January-March 2026
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PAKUAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/palar.v12i1.12946

Abstract

References A. Laws and Regulations Regulation of Members of the Board of Governors Number 3 of 2025 concerning the Third Amendment to Regulation of Members of the Board of Governors Number 21/18/PADG/2019 concerning the Implementation of National Standards Quick Response Code for Payments Bank Indonesia Regulation No. 17/3/PBI/2015 of 2015 concerning the Obligation to Use Rupiah in the Territory of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia in 1945. Law Number 7 of 2011 concerning Currency Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection B. Books Ali, Zainuddin. Legal Research Methods. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2022. Barkatullah, Abdul Halim. Consumer rights. Nusamedia, 2020. Joesoef, Iwan Erar, Sp N. SH, and M. Kn. Legal Theory: Dogma-Theory-Philosophy. Image Aditya Bakti, 2021. Christian, Celina Tri Siwi. Consumer protection law. Sinar Grafika, 2022. Sihombing, Agustinus. Consumer Protection Law. CV. Azka Pustaka, 2023. Sriekaningsih, Ana. QRIS and the New Era of Payment Transactions 4.0. Andi Publishers, 2020. C. Scientific Journals/Articles Alifia, Nadhifa, Erwin Permana, and Harnovinsah Harnovinsah. "Analysis of the use of QRIS on increasing MSME income." Journal of Economic Education Research 9, no. 1 (2024): 102-115. Armis, Rizkan. "Rejection of Coins by Traders in Banda Aceh City, Lueng Bata District (Study: In a Normative Review)." Journal of Justice: Journal of Law, Legislation and Social Institutions (2025): 1-15. Bhuiyan, Mohammad Rakibul Islam, Most Sadia Akter, and Saiful Islam. "How does digital payment transform society as a cashless society? An empirical study in the developing economy." Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management 16, no. 4 (2025): 756-774. Farhan, Ahmad, and Aishwari Wardani Shifa. "The use of QRIS payment methods in every MSME in the digital era." Journal of Community Service of the Archipelago 4, no. 2 (2023): 1198-1206. Fathurrahman, Raihan, Suyadi Suyadi, and Ulil Afwa. "Legal Protection of Consumers with Disabilities as Users of Air Transportation Services in the Event of Discrimination by Etihad Airways Based on Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection (Case Study of Decision Number 846/Pdt.G/2016/PN Jkt.Sel)." Soedirman Law Review 4, no. 2 (2022). Febrinda, Rizky Ramadini, and Rahayu Ningsih. "Readiness for the digitalization of the non-cash payment system in the people's market." Journal of Economics and Public Policy 13, no. 2 (2023): 87-100. Kurniawti, Eris Tri, Idah Zuhroh, and Nazaruddin Malik. "Literacy and education on non-cash payments through the QR Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS) application for millennials." Economic Innovation Case Study 5, no. 01 (2021). Maharani, Alfina, and Adnand Darya Dzikra. "The Function of Consumer Protection and the Role of Consumer Protection Institutions in Indonesia: Protection, Consumers and Business Actors (Literature review)." Journal of Information Systems Management Economics 2, no. 6 (2021): 659-666. Maulidah, Alfi Rizka, Rini Puji Astuti, Khaerun Nisa, Wisnu Erlangga, and Endah Hambarwati. "Development of digital payment systems: In the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 in Indonesia." Journal of Digital Economics and Business 1, no. 4 (2024): 798-803. Mendrofa, Otniel Ogamota. "Restrictions on Religious Freedom Based on Theories of Justice and Human Rights." Milthree Law Journal 1, no. 1 (2024): 30-61. Mohd Thas Thaker, Hassanudin, Niviethan Rao Subramaniam, Abdul Qoyum, and Hafezali Iqbal Hussain. "Cashless society, e‐wallets and continuous adoption." International Journal of Finance & Economics 28, no. 3 (2023): 3349-3369. Mubarak, Dzakisyah Alyus. "Review of the Implementation of the Digital Payment Application System in the Implementation of Cashless Payments during the COVID-19 Pandemic." PhD diss., State Financial Polytechnic STAN, 2022. Mutiara, Tasya Delvita, and Lilawati Ginting. "The Unfulfillment of Consumer Rights in the Consumer Protection Law." Humantech: Indonesian Multidisciplinary Scientific Journal 2, no. 3 (2023): 598-604. Nazar, Mohammad Rafki, Utari Arifah, Serena Maharani Fitri, Syifa'Aulia Santika Putri, and Muhammad Pradiptya Ramadianto. "Analysis of Factors Influencing the Interest in the Use of Electronic Money and the Emergence of a Cashless Society in Indonesia." Scientific Journal of Educational Vehicles 9, no. 7 (2023): 287-295. Nurullia, Syafira. "Initiating the Regulation and Implementation of Central Bank Digital Currency in Indonesia: Framed ius Constituendum." Journal of Judicial Review 23, no. 2 (2021): 275-290. Rakhmawati, Aida, and Sasiska Rani. "Price discrimination based on gender: Products in Indonesia." Journal of Accounting Research Tridinanti (Jurnal Ratri) 4, no. 1 (2022): 01-12. daughter, Wirda, Andri Soemitra, and Nur Ahmadi Bi Rahmani. "The Influence of the Technolgy Acceptance Model on Student Interest in Using the Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS) as a Cashless Society." MES Management Journal 2, no. 1 (2023): 116-126. Setyawati, Desy Ary, Dahlan Ali, and M. Nur Rasyid. "Protection for consumer rights and the responsibilities of business actors in electronic transaction agreements." Shia Kuala Law Journal 1, no. 3 (2017): 46-64. Sihaloho, Josef Evan, Atifah Ramadani, and Suci Rahmayanti. "Implementation of the Indonesian Standard Quick Response Payment System for the Development of MSMEs in Medan." Journal of Business Management 17, no. 2 (2020): 287-297. Susantri, Yulia. "Protection of Consumer Rights in a Human Rights Perspective." Constitution: Journal of State and Political Law Research 1, no. 1 (2022): 44-58. Yustisha, Ammi. "Gender-based price discrimination (Pink tax): Violations of the Consumer Protection Act." UNES Law Review 5, no. 4 (2023): 3940-3948. D. Undergraduate Thesis Adetia, Sekar Nurlaeli. "Comparative Analysis of the Success of MSMEs in Purbalingga Before and After Using the Quick Response Indonesian Standard (QRIS)." STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY PROF. KH SAIFUDDIN ZUHRI. https://repository. Uinsaizu. ac. id/22379/1/Sekar Nurlaeli Adetia_Analisis Comparison of the Success of MSMEs in Purbalingga Before and After Using Quick Response Indonesian Standard% 28QRIS 29 (2023). Manaram, Karel. "Juridical Study of Refusal of Cash Payment in Buying and Selling Transactions." PhD diss., NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, 2025. E. Website News Administrator. "QRIS Transactions Soar 226.54%, Digital Payment Revolution in Indonesia." Indonesia.go.id, July 29, 2024. https://indonesia.go.id/kategori/editorial/8434/transaksi-qris-melonjak-226-54-revolusi-pembayaran-digital-di-indonesia. Retrieved on 21 May 2025 Sveriges Riksbank. Payments Report 2025. Stockholm: Sveriges Riksbank, 2025.“ The Swedish Payments Market Is Almost Entirely Digital.” https://www.riksbank.se/en-gb/payments--cash/payments-in-sweden/payments-report-2025/trends-on-the-payments-market/the-swedish-payments-market-is-almost-entirely-digital/. Diakses 24 November 2025. Tempo.co. "The History of QRIS in Indonesia to Be Used in ASEAN Countries." April 11, 2023. https://www.tempo.co/ekonomi/sejarah-qris-di-indonesia-hingga-bisa-digunakan-di-negara-asean-199154. Retrieved on 21 May 2025 Tempo.co. "Bank Indonesia Reprimands Traders Who Refuse Cash Payments: Violating the Law." October 18, 2024. https://www.tempo.co/ekonomi/bank-indonesia-tegur-pedagang-yang-menolak-pembayaran-tunai-melanggar-undang-undang-411838. Retrieved on 21 May 2025
Corporate Responsibilities Related to Pharmaceutical Industry Compliance in the Use of Test Animals in Indonesia Ramadhanti, Shaila Azalea; Sakti, Muthia
PALAR (Pakuan Law review) Vol 11, No 4 (2025): Volume 11, Number 4 October-Desember 2025
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PAKUAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/palar.v11i4.12872

Abstract

Abstract  This study aims to analyze corporate responsibility in ensuring the compliance of the pharmaceutical industry with regulations governing the use of laboratory animals in Indonesia, emphasizing aspects of legal, ethical, and technical adherence to animal welfare principles. This study adopts normative juridical research method employing both statuory and conceptual approaches. The data were gathered through library research, comprising primary legal materials for instance like laws and regulations, additionally secondary legal materials including books, journal articles, as well as online references. The findings indicate that although Indonesia has established several regulations such as Law No. 18 of 2009 jo. No. 41 of 2014, Government Regulation No. 95 of 2012, Minister of Health Regulation No. 75 of 2020, and BPOM Regulations No. 10 of 2022 and No. 20 of 2023, their implementation within the pharmaceutical industry remains suboptimal due to weak enforcement and monitoring mechanisms. Therefore, the establishment of an integrated compliance system combined with ethical and technical oversight is essential to ensure that the use of laboratory animals is conducted transparently, responsibly, and in accordance with the 3R and 5F principles. Keywords: laboratory animals, legal compliance, animal welfare.

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