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Veterinary Biomedical and Clinical Journal
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26221012     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science, Education,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Education Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Veterinary
Veterinary Clinical and Biomedical Journal (VBCJ) is periodically peer reviewed journal that publish every January and July per year since 2019. VBCJ accommodate any articles in the field of veterinary medicine, biomedical, as well as veterinary case report.
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Articles 71 Documents
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Molecular Detection of Ricketssia africae and Candidatus Midichloria mitochondrii in Cattle Ticks from Cameroon Mbafor, Fidelia Lem; Osei-Mensah, Jubin; Kwarteng, Sandra Abankwa; Addo, Seth Ofei; Manchang Tanyi Kingsley; Michael E. DeWitt; Patrick Kwasi Obuam; Ewurabena Oduma Duker; Jessica Dufie Boakye; Gayheart Deladem Agbotse; Folitse, Raphael Deladem; Achille Paguem; Emikpe, Benjamin Obukowho
Veterinary Biomedical and Clinical Journal Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): Vol. 7 No. 1 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.VetBioClinJ.2025.007.01.4

Abstract

Ticks spread pathogens that affect both human and animal health and often cause significant economic losses to the livestock industry. However, there is limited data on the distribution of ticks and tick-borne pathogens, particularly those affecting cattle in Cameroon. In this study, ticks were collected from cattle in Buea, the capital of the South West Region of Cameroon, to determine their diversity and identify tick-borne pathogens through PCR and sequencing. The tick samples were screened for pathogens using assays that target the rOmpA gene (ompA) of Rickettsia, the ssrRNA gene of Babesia and Theileria and the Ehrlichia genus 16SrRNA gene. A total of 458 ticks were collected with Rhipicephalus annulatus (65.6%) as the predominant species. From 68 tick pools screened, 26 (38.2%) were positive for pathogen/ symbiont DNA. The pathogen identified was Rickettsia africae (22.1%). This study reports the first molecular detection of the symbiont Candidatus Midichloria mitochondrii (22.1%) in the sampled tick species. It was observed that male ticks were significantly more likely to test positive for R. africae (OR = 208, 95% CI = 28.6 - 4553, p<0.001). Animal handlers may face the risk of these zoonotic infections and as such, there is a need to employ protective measures to prevent or reduce pathogen spread.
Coprological Investigation of helminths parasitic infestations of Buffalo at haor and hilly bordered areas of Sylhet district in Bangladesh: Helminthes of Buffalo Siddiqui, Prof. Dr. Md. Saiful Islam; Mahtab, Jannatun Nayeem Hossain; Mamun, Mohammad Abdullah Al; Islam, Saiful; Hasan, Rakibul; Islam, MD. Nazrul; Begum, Sultana; Nasrin, Farhana; Paul, Tapan Kanti; Amin, S. M. Nurul
Veterinary Biomedical and Clinical Journal Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): Vol. 7 No. 1 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.VetBioClinJ.2025.007.01.5

Abstract

This study was designed and conducted with the aims to investigate the status of the parasitic infestations of buffaloes rearing in the Haor and bordered hilly areas of Sylhet district of Bangladesh as the ecology and the geographical facts are facilitating favorable conditions for parasites. Based on zoo-geography of different haor and hilly areas belongs to five Upazilla of Sylhet district were selected as study areas. A total 200 (40 samples from each Upazilla) fecal samples from randomly selected study buffalo based on considering survey findings, age, sex and seasons were collected and tested using direct smear method, floatation and McMaster egg counting techniques. Fascioliasis was the most prevalent (20.5%) parasitic infection, with an overall prevalence of 84.5%. The level of parasite infection varied throughout the five haor and adjacent areas of Sylhet; Jaintapur had the highest level (85%) and Zakiganj the lowest (65%). Out of the three helminth categories, Guwainghat had the highest prevalence of treamtaode (31.25%) and cestode (28.12%), while Kanaighat had the highest (51.72%) prevalence of nematode infection. Fascioliasis was most prevalent (46%) in adult buffaloes, while toxocariasis was highest in buffalo calves. Comparatively higher parasitic infection was seen in wet season (80.82%), followed by 61.25% in dry season.  It is concluded that, prevalence of helminthes parasite are much more higher in buffaloes in the haor and bordered hilly areas in Sylhet due to zoo-geographical facts, which to be seriously considered by the related authority and would formulate a specific helminthes control strategic plan for haor areas.
Repair of a Shell Fracture in a 52-Year-Old Tortoise Using Bone and Glue Techniques Abubakar, Nura; Buhari, Salisu; Abubakar, I.A; Yakubu, A.S; Bodinga, A.H; Shehu Zaid; Salisu Ahmad, Umar; E.I Oviawe; Malami, Bashar; Aminu, Abdulhamid; Y.B, Lawali; Bello, Faisal
Veterinary Biomedical and Clinical Journal Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): Vol. 7 No. 1 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.VetBioClinJ.2025.007.01.6

Abstract

The fractures of Tortoise’s shell, especially in tortoises like Centrochelys sulcata (African spurred tortoise), pose significant task due to the unique structure and function of their shells. Old methods such as suturing, wiring, and adhesives often have limitations, prompting the need for more advanced techniques. This study presents an innovative approach using bone patches combined with epoxy resin glue for the repair of shell fractures. A shell fracture in a 52-year-old female African spurred tortoise was treated using this method, which provided a stable and supportive environment for healing. The application of bone patches and epoxy glue not only stabilized the fracture site but also reduced the risk of complications. This technique offers a promising alternative to usual methods, potentially improving outcomes for a wide range of shell injuries in tortoise. Further research is recommended to explore the long-term effects and potential enhancements of this method.
EFFICACY OF FENBENDAZOLE AND PRAZIQUANTEL-EMODEPSIDE AGAINST INFECTION OF OXYURID EGGS IN GREEN IGUANA (Iguana iguana) Shelly Kusumarini R; Agnes Tageomi Nakita; Azmi Tsabitah; Reza Yesica
Veterinary Biomedical and Clinical Journal Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): Vol. 7 No. 1 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.VetBioClinJ.2025.007.01.7

Abstract

The green iguana (Iguana iguana) is among the most commonly kept pet lizards, yet helminth infections remain a frequent health concern in captivity, often exacerbated by stress, inadequate husbandry, and immunosuppression. Untreated infections compromise animal welfare and contribute to physiological stress. Regular anthelmintic treatment is essential for reducing the parasitic burden and improving reptile health. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the anthelmintic therapy, fenbendazole and praziquantel + emodepside combination, on the degree of Oxyurid infection in Iguana iguana. Treatment efficacy was assessed based on the interpretation of FECRT outcomes in both the treated and control groups. The 27 infected Iguana iguana were randomly separated into three equal groups. Nine infected iguanas received one of the following treatments: placebo (P0 Control) and fenbendazole at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight (BW) orally for three days (P1). Praziquantel + emodepside anthelmintic will be administered topically (spot-on) at a dose of 1.12 ml/kg body weight (BW) (P2). The efficacy of the therapies was evaluated on the 30th day after treatment. A fecal examination was carried out utilizing the flotation and McMaster methods. The average FECRT findings revealed that fenbendazole was 100% effective at 25 mg/kg body weight (BW). Subsequently, praziquantel + emodepside combined at 1.12ml/kg body weight (BW) was 90% effective in Iguana iguana infected with Oxyurid. This study found that fenbendazole was more effective dewormer than praziquantel + emodepside in green iguana against Oxyurid.
The IMPACT OF INCUBATION PERIOD AND TEMPERATURE ON HORSE MILK AGAINST MILK QUALITY AND TOTAL LACTIC ACID BACTERIA (LAB) Fairuz Nanda Marhabanaz; Haryanto; Ajeng Erika Prihastuti Haskito; Titisari, Nurina
Veterinary Biomedical and Clinical Journal Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Vol. 7 No. 2 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.VetBioClinJ.2025.007.02.2

Abstract

Horse milk has a slightly higher lactose content than cow's milk. Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) fermented lactose in horse milk, causing a lower pH change. Many factors, including temperature and environment, are influencing LAB growth. This study was conducted to determine the effect of differences in incubation time and temperature on the increasing number of lactic acid bacteria and milk quality. The horse milk samples used in this study originated from four Sumbawa wild horses in the first lactation period. This study conducted two experiments, In the first experiment, all samples were incubated at 37oC, further testing was carried out at 0, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours. In the second experiment, all samples were incubated for 24 hours with different incubation temperatures, i.e. 4oC, 27oC, 32oC, 37oC, and 42oC. The parameters observed were the total LAB using the TPC (total plate count) method. The quality of the milk was carried out through organoleptic test, alcohol test, boiling test, pH tests, protein content tests. Qualitative data were analyzed descriptively, while quantitative data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey's follow-up test with 95% confidence level. The results showed that the incubation period did not affect the quality of milk, however, it could affect the total LAB. In contrast, the incubation temperature can affect both.
DEVELOPMENT OF BIOINFORMATICS BASED DETECTION AND BUILDING MODEL OF THE MSPA GENE IN MYCOLICIBACTERIUM FORTUITUM. Ramadhani, Najma; Kurniawati, Siti; Pinasti, Roro Titah; Savytri, Diaz Ayu; Makta, Averoes Gibraltar
Veterinary Biomedical and Clinical Journal Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Vol. 7 No. 2 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.VetBioClinJ.2025.007.02.1

Abstract

The mspA gene is a nanopore protein located in the outer membrane of Mycolicibacterium fortuitum, which plays a role in the uptake pathway for hydrophilic nutrient molecules. The MspA gene is extremely stable against denaturation, making it capable for DNA sequencing. The accuracy of DNA sequencing is highly dependent on the selection of primer pairs. This study aims to develop primers and amplification for the mspA gene in Mycolicibacterium fortuitum. These organisms are typically free-living and can be found widely throughout the environment. Mycolicibacterium fortuitum is responsible for infections in both animals and humans, so there must be a specific detection method. One specific detection method that can be applied is Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). An important factor in the PCR technique is the presence of specific primers that will be used in the detection process. The method used involves a bioinformatics approach through the NCBI Primer Blast Program on Mycolicibacterium fortuitum strain MF GZ001 with the template strain reference NZ_CP107719.1, and a structural model approach through protein modelling using the template uun.1.A MSPA. The result of our study was successfully generated from comparing ten primers, only three primers were chosen based on the specific criteria. We also found the successful building for 3D modeling protein from 215 amino acids. In conclusion, the primer development for mspA gene detection resulted in a pair of primer and the 3D structure of the protein encoded by the gene.
Artemisia vulgaris L. supplementation on development, mortality, and hatching rate of Zebrafish embryo exposed to heat stress during in vitro culture Tuska, Habib Syaiful Arif Tuska; Farida Puspita Zuhria; Bonick Kartini Lonameo; Muhammad Arfan Lesmana
Veterinary Biomedical and Clinical Journal Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Vol. 7 No. 2 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.VetBioClinJ.2025.007.02.4

Abstract

We investigated the effect of Artemisia vulgaris L. supplementation on Zebrafish embryos exposed to heat stress during in vitro culture. Zebrafish embryos were divided into two groups, namely heat stress (HS; 36oC) and non-heat stress or control (NHS; 28oC), with each group was given three different doses of Artemisia (0µL=P1, 2µL=P2, and 4µL=P3; 4 replicates). Zebrafish embryos were evaluated periodically every three hours up to 48 hpf (hour post-fertilization), and five hours up to 96 hpf. Data obtained was analyzed using SPSS, One-Way ANOVA. It showed that Zebrafish embryos’ development under heat stress conditions without Artemisia experienced delays in the neurula, organogenesis, and hatching phases. The mortality rate in HS P3 (5±5%; least square means±standart error) was lower (P<0,05) compared with NHS P1 (7.5±4.8%). The highest average hatching rates were found in NHS P3 (4µL) (85±9.6%) and HS P3 (4µL) (75±6.5%). It showed that Artemisia has an ability to reduce mortality rate and increase the hatchability of Zebrafish embryos exposed to heat stress.
Case Study: A Case of owner-inflicted Humeral Fracture in a Dog: Veterinary and Legal Perspectives in Nigeria Abubakar, Nura; Mshelia, P.C; Bodinga, A.H; Shehu, Zaid; Dunfawa, A.M; Ahmad, U.S; Lawali, Y.B; Dahiru, Ashiru; Muhammad, M.S; E.I Oviawe
Veterinary Biomedical and Clinical Journal Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Vol. 7 No. 2 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.VetBioClinJ.2025.007.02.6

Abstract

A five-year-old mixed-breed dog was presented at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria, with acute lameness and severe pain in the right forelimb. The injury, resulting in a fracture, was sustained after the dog was intentionally struck by its owner as punishment. Initially believed to be accidental, the trauma was later confirmed as a result of intentional harm. The fracture was successfully managed through appropriate surgical intervention, followed by pain management and rehabilitation, leading to the dog's full recovery. This case underscores the need for veterinary professionals to be vigilant in recognizing signs of animal abuse and emphasizes the importance of educating pet owners on proper and humane treatment.
Case Report: ACUTE IRON TOXICITY IN SIX WEEKS OLD JUVENILE AFRICAN CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus) Bello, Umar; Usman, Mannir Dahiru; Musa, Usman
Veterinary Biomedical and Clinical Journal Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Vol. 7 No. 2 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.VetBioClinJ.2025.007.02.5

Abstract

Acute iron toxicity is an underreported cause of mortality in Aquaculture despite iron being a common groundwater contaminant in parts of sub-Saharan Africa. This case describes a sudden mortality event in six-week-old juvenile Clarias gariepinus reared in Sokoto, northwestern Nigeria. Over 50% of the 38, 000 stocked juveniles died within three days after transfer to new farm. Water analysis revealed iron concentrations from 0.57 to 0.99 mg/L, exceeding the Nigerian Industrial Standard limit of 0.3 mg/L for aquaculture water. A parallel cohort from the same batch reared elsewhere remained unaffected, ruling out infectious causes. The findings confirm acute iron toxicity as the etiology and underscore the vulnerability of early juvenile catfish to elevated iron levels. This highlights the need for routine trace metal monitoring, effective borehole water treatment, and heightened diagnostic awareness to prevent catastrophic losses in aquaculture systems.
Pathophysiological Responses of Chickens to very Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Infection: Haematological Modulation by Nigella sativa: Haematological Effects of Nigella sativa in vvIBDV-Challenged Chickens Muhammed, Muhammed Shuaib; Orakpoghenor, Ochuko; Elijah, Mary Oluwatomisin; Oladele, Sunday Blessing; Mohammed, Bisalla; Musa, Ibrahim Waziri
Veterinary Biomedical and Clinical Journal Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Vol. 7 No. 2 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.VetBioClinJ.2025.007.02.3

Abstract

Despite growing interest in the immunomodulatory properties of Nigella sativa, limited evidence exists on its haematological effects during very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) infection in chickens. This study evaluated the influence of N. sativa seed powder (NSSP) on haematological parameters in Dominant Black Marshal cockerels experimentally challenged with vvIBDV. One hundred one-day-old chicks were randomly assigned to five groups (A–E, 20 birds each). Groups A and B received basal diet only; C and D received 2.8 g/kg NSSP from 21–27 days of age (doa); and E received NSSP continuously from 1–42 doa. On day 28, groups B, D, and E were orally challenged with vvIBDV, while A and C remained unchallenged. Blood samples collected from 1–42 doa were analysed for packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), red blood cell (RBC), total leukocyte (TLC), differential leukocyte counts, and heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratios. Groups receiving NSSP generally showed higher PCV, Hb, and RBC prior to challenge. Following vvIBDV infection, significant (P < 0.05) declines in PCV, Hb, and RBC were observed in groups B, D, and E, with group B showing the most pronounced anaemia. Groups D and E demonstrated moderate leukocytosis and lower H/L ratios compared to group B, suggesting reduced stress and inflammatory responses. These findings indicate that N. sativa supplementation, particularly when administered from early life, may confer partial haematological protection and mitigate the adverse effects of vvIBDV infection in chickens.

Page 7 of 8 | Total Record : 71

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