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Effects of Euthanasia on Animal Research Maharani, Ni Putu Radela; Fadlyah, Nur Ashfiya; Setyaningrum, Dyah Ayu Woro; Hairunisa, Nany
Veterinary Biomedical and Clinical Journal Vol. 6 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.VetBioClinJ.2024.006.01.6

The use of experimental animals is widely conducted in the medical field, both for research on the processes of disease occurrence (pathogenesis), the causes of disease (etiology), and research on therapy. Therefore, it is important to understand how euthanasia in experimental animals affects the integrity of the sample and its influence on research results. This article was compiled from several literature sources searched from Google Schoolar and PubMed published within the last 10 years, with keywords such as "code of ethics in experimental animals", "methods of euthanasia in experimental animals", "overdose anesthesia methods in animal euthanasia", "barbiturate injection methods in rats", "inhalation methods in animal euthanasia", "biochemical effects of euthanasia", and "histological effects of euthanasia". This paper discusses euthanasia methods, namely overdose anesthesia, inhalation, and injection. This paper aims to discuss how the method of euthanasia and the choice of drugs can impact the biochemical and histological changes in animals after the euthanasia process. Choosing the right euthanasia method is essential, as the species of animals involved and the research goals are considered. Using methods that align with the biological characteristics and behavior of the animals can help ensure the success of the research while also considering ethical aspects and animal welfare.

Effects of Lycopene Treatments on Development, Hatchability, and Heart Rate of Zebrafish Embryos under Heat Stress Exposure Tuska, Habib Syaiful Arif; Salsabila, Odifiannisa Ayu; Lonameo, Bonick Kartini; Hardian, Andreas Bandang; Lesmana, M. Arfan; Yesica, Reza
Veterinary Biomedical and Clinical Journal Vol. 6 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.VetBioClinJ.2024.006.01.1

Lycopene, a potent antioxidant predominantly found in red-hued fruits and vegetables such as tomatoes, has been incorporated into embryonic maturation media in vitro, demonstrating enhancements in embryo quality. Despite these advancements, the specific effects of lycopene on Zebrafish embryo quality remain unexplored. This study aims to investigate the impact of lycopene (0.65 ppm) on the development of Zebrafish embryos, focusing on hatchability (HA), and heart rate (HR) under conditions of heat stress (HS). Fertile Zebrafish embryos at the gastrula stage were induced HS (30oC; 1 hour). The embryos will be segregated into two groups: those exposed to HS and nonHS (28oC). Each group will receive one of three treatments (four replicates): control / without lycopene (P1), 2μL lycopene (P2), and 4μL lycopene (P3). Observations using an inverted microscope was done every three up to 48 hours post-fertilization (hpf), and subsequently every five hours up to 96 hpf. Quantitative data obtained for HA and HR were analyzed with SPSS, One-Way ANNOVA (p<0.05). The antioxidants contained in lycopene can influence the speed and success of Zebrafish embryo development and HA exposed to HS. In addition, the antioxidant in lycopene can also suppress the HR frequency of Zebrafish embryos exposed to HS. However, more studies about the optimum dose, purity, and stability of the lycopene extract should be done to make a definitive conclusion.

The Effect of Feeding and Feed Hygiene to Oxyurids Infection in Bearded Dragon (Pogona vitticeps) Indasari, Elly Nur; Budiman, Hafiidh Yahya; Nakita, Agnes Tageomi; Tsabitah, Azmi; Putra, Uray Ade Armanda
Veterinary Biomedical and Clinical Journal Vol. 6 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.VetBioClinJ.2024.006.01.5

Bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) are popular exotic pets. Oxyurid can be transmitted to them through contaminated insect and vegetable feed that may carry infective larvae and worm eggs. Oxyuriasis frequently infects Bearded dragon which then causes diarrhea, weight loss, and other digestive issues. This study investigated the impact of various feeding practices and feed hygiene on the prevalence and severity of Oxyurid infections in Bearded dragon. Total of 24 Bearded dragon was used on this study. The variation of feed was used in groups include mixed vegetable and insect feed without hygiene procedures (P0), insect feed without hygiene procedure (P1), vegetable feed without hygiene procedure (P2), mixed vegetable and insect feed with hygiene procedures (P3). For P3, the insects' stomach contents were removed and washed, while the vegetables were rinsed under running water and then dried before being fed to the reptiles. The morphology of Oxyurida eggs found in each group was examined using native and flotation techniques, while, the McMaster technique was carried out for infection intensity measurement. Data observed was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test to evaluate the significance of the treatment effects, and the Kruskal-Wallis test to examine the associations. It showed that Pharyngodon sp. was found in all feed groups. A significant relationship (P < 0.05) was found between feed type, feed hygiene, and the infection rate of Pharyngodon sp. Conversely, the group which received the same type of feed but adhered to stringent feed hygiene protocols exhibited a significant fewer infection. This study highlights the critical importance of proper feeding management and feed hygiene in maintaining the health of Bearded dragon, particularly in preventing oxyurida infections

Effects of Acetone Extract of Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) on Diameter, Viability, and Germinal Vesicle Breakdown Rate of Zebrafish Oocytes (Danio rerio) Exposed to Heat Stress as an Animal Model Tuska, Habib Syaiful Arif; Hidayah, Aaliyah Nurul; Lonameo, Bonick Kartini; Bello, Umar; Budiono
Veterinary Biomedical and Clinical Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024):
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.VetBioClinJ.2024.006.02.2

Global warming is characterized by increasing temperatures of the earth's atmosphere, ocean and land, resulting in extreme climate change. The effects of climate change will affect animal health through increased ambient temperature (heat stress). This study using Zebrafish as animal model like our previuous study because Zebrafish, have 70% identical genetic similarity to humans. In addition, Zebrafish have specific approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for new drug discovery research. Heat stress negatively affects animal health through an increase in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), especially in the reproductive system because it causes a decrease in reproductive efficiency, such as follicular development, oocyte quality, and oocyte maturation. Antioxidant supplementation, namely green tea extract, is needed to reduce the negative effects of heat stress. The purpose of this study was to analyze the difference of 4 µl dose of green tea extract (Camellia sinensis) on the diameter, viability, and Germinal Vesicle Breakdown (GVBD) rate of Zebrafish oocytes at normal temperature (28℃) and with exposure to heat stress (32℃; 34℃). Zebrafish oocytes were collected and grouped into 2 (two) treatment groups including, non-heat stress group (28℃) and heat stress group (32℃; 34℃) with 6 repetitions. Quantitative data were processed using SPSS software with Two Way ANOVA analysis. The results of Two Way ANOVA showed that green tea extract supplementation had a positive effect on the diameter, viability, and GVBD of Zebrafish oocytes. This is indicated by the significance of the percentage of diameter (P=0.002), viability (P=0.003), and GVBD rate (P=0.000).

The Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaf Flour Substitution in Rations on Total Erythrocyte Count, Hemoglobin and Hematocrit Level in Boer Crossbreed Goat Alfaruq, Fahmi Fadhillah; Qisthon, Arif; Sirat, Muhammad Mirandy Pratama
Veterinary Biomedical and Clinical Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024):
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.VetBioClinJ.2024.006.02.5

This study aimed to assess the impact of substituting Moringa oleifera leaf flour in the ration on the total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin levels, and hematocrit levels of Boer crossbred goats aged 4-12 months. The research was conducted from December 4, 2023, to January 17, 2024, at PERKASA Farms, Simpang Agung Village, Lampung Province. Laboratory analysis of total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin levels, and hematocrit levels was performed at the Laboratory of Pathology, Lampung Veterinary Disease Center. A Randomized Block Design was employed in this study, with three treatments and five groups, involving a total of 15 Boer crossbred goats, categorized based on body weight from smallest to largest. The treatments were as follows: P0=100% basal ration (60% cassava leaf and stem silage+40% concentrate); P1=95% basal ration+5% Moringa leaf meal; and P2=90% basal ration+10% Moringa leaf meal. Data were analyzed using ANOVA. The results of the study indicate that the mean values for total erythrocytes, hemoglobin levels, and hematocrit levels did not differ significantly (P>0.05) among treatments. The conclusion of this study was substituting Moringa oleifera leaf flour in the ration did not affect the total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in Boer crossbred goats, indicating that Moringa leaf flour could be included in the ration up to 10%.

Antibiotic Sensitivity Profile of Pasteurella multocida in Cattle in Malang, Indonesia Dodik Prasetyo; Amri, Indah Amalia; Dian Siswanto; Rahayu Shafa Camila Sanjoyo; Monica Widyaningrum; Tanti Widya; Fidi Nur Eka Puji Dameanti
Veterinary Biomedical and Clinical Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024):
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.VetBioClinJ.2024.006.02.4

This study was conducted in Malang, Indonesia, to assess the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Pasteurella multocida in cattle exhibiting clinical signs of respiratory disease. Nasal and tracheal swabs were collected from 50 cattle across multiple farms and tested for P. multocida. The isolates were identified through colony morphology, Gram staining, and biochemical tests, with 4 out of 50 samples (8%) testing positive for P. multocida. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined using the disk diffusion method, involving seven antibiotics commonly used in veterinary practice. Results showed that 75% of the isolates were sensitive to ceftriaxone, while amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was effective in 50% of cases. However, all isolates demonstrated resistance to erythromycin and tetracycline. These findings emphasize the importance of susceptibility testing to guide appropriate antibiotic therapy and prevent the development of resistance. Further research is necessary to monitor resistance patterns and improve treatment strategies for pasteurellosis in cattle.

Sedative Effect of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus) Aromatherapy through Inhalation Route on Mice (Mus musculus) Behavior Surachmat, Hilmy Luqman; Arianto, Eko Fuji; Khairani, Shafia
Veterinary Biomedical and Clinical Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024):
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.VetBioClinJ.2024.006.02.3

Aromatherapy is an alternative practice in natural medicine that uses essential oil derived from various plants. Essential oil is found in over 17,000 plant species, including lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus). Lemongrass essential oil contains several active components with potential sedative effects, such as linalool. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the potential sedative effect of lemongrass essential oil aromatherapy through inhalation route as an alternative preparation. Mice (Mus musculus) were divided into 5 groups, namely negative and positive control (Diazepam 0.012 mg/kg), as well as treatment 1 (P1, 30-minute exposure), 2 (P2, 60-minute exposure), and 3 (P3, 90-minute exposure). Essential oil of lemongrass was extracted using the distillation method, followed by phytochemical testing. Behavioral observations were carried out using Chimney test method. The results of Chimney test showed that lemongrass aromatherapy had no sedative effect. This result was evident by the insignificant differences (P > 0.05) between negative control groups and both P1 and P3, as well as P1 and P3. Furthermore, P2 showed a potential stimulant effect based on Chimney test results.

Effect of Citronella (Cymbopogon nardus) Aromatherapy Inhalation on Hematology Profile in Mice (Mus musculus) Shafa Azizah; Eko Fuji Ariyanto; Khairani, Shafia
Veterinary Biomedical and Clinical Journal Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): Vol. 7 No. 1 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.VetBioClinJ.2025.007.01.2

Citronella (Cymbopogon nardus) is a widely distributed herbal plant throughout Indonesia, known for its aromatic essential oils that possess various biological properties such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and insect-repellent effects. Despite its widespread traditional use, limited studies have evaluated the systemic safety profile of citronella essential oil when administered via inhalation, especially its impact on hematological parameters, which are critical indicators of physiological and immune status. This study aimed to investigate the effects of inhaled citronella essential oil on the hematological profile of Swiss webster mice to assess its potential hematotoxicity and systemic safety. Citronella essential oil was extracted using steam-water distillation and characterized through phytochemical screening. Mice were divided into five groups: a negative control, a positive control treated with Diazepam (0.012 mg/kg), and three treatment groups exposed to citronella essential oil vapor for 30 minutes (P1), 60 minutes (P2), and 90 minutes (P3). Each dose consisted of 500 µL of essential oil diluted 1:1 with pyrogen-free water, corresponding approximately to 445 mg of essential oil per administration, with an estimated concentration of about 44.5% w/v based on typical oil density. Hematological parameters, including red and white blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and platelet levels, were analyzed using the Kruskal-Walli’s test. The results showed no statistically significant differences between the citronella-exposed groups and controls, indicating that inhalation exposure at the given dose and duration did not induce hematological toxicity or adverse systemic effects. These findings suggest that citronella essential oil, when administered by inhalation under the tested conditions, is safe in Swiss webster mice and supports its continued use in aromatherapy and related applications. Further studies are recommended to explore long-term effects and other physiological parameters.

Review: Genetic Improvement in Livestock: A Journey from Conventional Breeding to Genomic Precision Kaleem Ullah; Abdul Waheed
Veterinary Biomedical and Clinical Journal Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): Vol. 7 No. 1 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.VetBioClinJ.2025.007.01.3

From conventional breeding techniques to the advent of genomic precision, the practice of genetically altering livestock has experienced a substantial change over the last century. Conventional breeding methods like selective breeding, crossbreeding and artificial insemination (AI) have long served as the foundation for livestock development. Even though these techniques were successful, they were unable to fully address complex genetic factors as such techniques were primarily reliant on phenotypic selection and observable traits. Although early crossbreeding innovations aimed to enhance performance by utilizing hybrid vigor meanwhile, artificial insemination made it possible for breeders to use superior sire genetics more widely. The development of molecular genetics in the latter half of the 20th century, especially marker-assisted selection (MAS), revolutionized breeding practices by increasing the accuracy of selection for hard-to-measure traits like disease resistance. It accelerated the advancement of genetics by enabling breeders to more rapidly identify individuals with superior genetic makeup. Using high-density genotyping and genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs), genomic selection was introduced in the early 21st century to more precisely assess genetic potential particularly for complex traits. Then more advanced innovations such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), whole genome sequencing (WGS) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) further aided the genetic improvement process. By combining genomics, big data analytics and artificial intelligence (AI); livestock breeding is progressing and precision livestock farming (PLF) is being promoted. This review examines the development of livestock genetics enhancement following the path from early conventional breeding techniques to the ground-breaking impacts of genomic precision.

Development of a Specific rsmG Gene Detection Using In House Primer Design of Mycobacterium fortuitum and Modelling Structure of 3D Protein Pinasti, Roro Titah; Kurniawati , Siti; Makta , Averoes Gibraltar; Ramadhani , Najma; Savitry , Diaz Ayu
Veterinary Biomedical and Clinical Journal Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): Vol. 7 No. 1 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.VetBioClinJ.2025.007.01.1

Developing specific detection methods for the rsmG gene in Mycobacterium fortuitum is crucial for improving treatment strategies. This study aimed to design and validate an in-house primer detection method for thersmG gene in Mycobacterium fortuitum. To detect the rsmG gene inMycobacterium fortuitum using DNA fragments based on the effectiveness of the in-house primer. Developing this in-house detection method also highlights the importance of local and in-house primer design for specific gene detection using bioinformatics design and structure. This approach can be applied to other genes and bacteria for further research and treatment. This method is used withbioinformatics design from the NCBI database based on the OF855_RS30840and reference sequence NZ_CP107719.1 with gene description of 16S rRNA (guanine (527) N(7) -methyltransferase. The protein model structure template is A0A2U9Q1N61. A using the SWISS-MODEL. The results have 50 - 60% of GC contents from 10 primer pairs with the melting temperature range are 59,33 - 69,46 from NCBI, have forward and reverse. The optimum pairs are the fourth pairs of primers which has optimum self complementarity and relatedness ofeach pair. The results of building model 3D protein were successfully built fromOF855_RS30840. In our conclusion, the primer was obtained and successfullyused to model the 3D structure of the protein encoded by the rsmG gene.

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Dr. Masdiana C. Padaga, DVM. M App.Sc

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nofanvet@ub.ac.id

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Location
Kota malang,

Jawa timur

INDONESIA

Abstract

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Dr. Masdiana C. Padaga, DVM. M App.Sc

Contact Email vbcj@ub.ac.id

Phone -

Journal Mail Official nofanvet@ub.ac.id

Editorial Address -

Location Kota malang, Jawa timur INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

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Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Dr. Masdiana C. Padaga, DVM. M App.Sc

Contact Email
vbcj@ub.ac.id

Phone
-

Journal Mail Official
nofanvet@ub.ac.id

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kota malang,

Jawa timur

INDONESIA