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Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya
Published by Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26857065     DOI : https://doi.org/10.36526/jc
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering
Jurnal crystal merupakan jurnal yang diterbitkan oleh program studi kimia Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi. Jurnal ini memuat dan menerbitkan jurnal yang sesuai dengan bidang ilmu kimia murni dan terapannya yang terbit dua kali dalam setahun yaitu bulan maret dan september. adapun penerbitan jurnal didasari dengan komitmen pada kelayakan penulisan artikel ilmiah, prosedur dan format penulisan, dan kontinuitas publikasi.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 151 Documents
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OPTIMIZATION OF VALUABLE MINERALS (MG2+ & K⁺) RECOVERY FROM SEAWATER USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY (RSM) Raka Selaksa Charisma Muchammad; Aisyah Alifatul Zahidah Rohmah; Caecilia Pudjiastuti; Alifah Nur Aini Fajrin; Ketut Sumada
Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Literasi Artikel Penelitian Kimia
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/jc.v7i2.6284

Abstract

The extraction of metallic ions from seawater brine within a circular economy framework presents economic promise yet is hampered by concomitant ionic interference manifested during the precipitation of salts. The present investigation sought to characterize and subsequently to refine the co-precipitation steps for magnesium and potassium ions such that they yield suitable precursors for the synthesis of struvite fertilizer. The experimental work utilized a Response Surface Methodology built upon a Face-Centered Central Composite Design, interrogating the influence of the molar ratio of sodium hydrogen phosphate to calcium chloride and the duration of reaction on the simultaneous recovery of Mg²⁺ and K⁺. Results from the Analysis of Variance demonstrated that the principal effects of the aforementioned ratio, reaction duration, and their interaction terms were statistically significant for both target recoveries. By iterative optimization, the experimental framework predicted optimal operational parameters of sodium hydrogen phosphate to calcium chloride ratio of 0.401 and a reaction interval of 11.608 minutes, corresponding to a composite desirability statistic of 0.908 and estimated recoveries of 93.979 % and 97.300 % for magnesium and potassium ions, respectively. The data therefore substantiate the conclusion that Response Surface Methodology provides a systematic and analytically tractable conduit for the resolution of equilibrated brine mixtures, delineating a refined process envelope that promotes the extraction and economic valorization of essential mineral fertilizers from industrial saline streams.
PREPARATION STUDY OF FE₃O₄-COCONUT SHELL CHARCOAL AS A CARBON QUANTUM DOTS CQDS BASED NANOPARTICLE MATERIAL Yoshi Adhitia Mahendra; Siti Khomsatin
Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Literasi Artikel Penelitian Kimia
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/jc.v7i2.6297

Abstract

This research aims to study the preparation of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles based on coconut shell charcoal as a carbon source for Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs) using the hydrothermal method. The synthesis of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles was carried out through the coprecipitation method by mixing FeCl₃·6H₂O and FeSO₄·7H₂O solutions while stirring at 60°C, followed by the addition of CQD solution derived from coconut shell charcoal. The variable parameters include the mass of coconut shell charcoal, reaction temperature, and precursor concentration. Characterization was performed using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) to determine the optical properties, crystal structure, and magnetic properties of the resulting nanoparticles. The results indicate that Fe₃O₄-CQD nanoparticles possess a specific crystal structure and magnetic properties suitable for applications in bioimaging and catalysis. This research contributes to the utilization of organic waste as a raw material for environmentally friendly nanomaterials and has the potential to enhance the economic value of coconut waste. Suggestions for future development include optimization of synthesis parameters and performance testing of the material in real-world applications.
EMULGEL EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SUMAMBU (HYPTIS CAPITATA JACQ.) SEBAGAI KANDIDAT ANTIBAKTERI TERHADAP STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ATCC 25923 Arviani; Nurul Izza Fersilia; M. Fariez Kurniawan; Rahma Artemisia
Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Literasi Artikel Penelitian Kimia
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/jc.v8i1.7504

Abstract

Hyptis capitata (sumambu) leaves are a traditional medicinal plant from the Lamiaceae family, commonly used to treat inflammation, swelling, pain, digestive disorders, fever, and wounds. The plant contains bioactive compounds such as oleanolic acid, alkaloids, terpenoids, and flavonoids, which may have antibacterial properties. To improve topical use, the leaf extract was formulated into an emulgel. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the emulgel containing ethanolic extract of H. capitata leaves against Staphylococcus aureus. The experimental study employed H. capitata leaves extracted by maceration using 96% ethanol. Phytochemical screening was conducted to identify active compounds, while the physical characteristics of the emulgel were assessed through organoleptic evaluation, spreadability, adhesiveness, and pH testing. Antibacterial activity was determined using the well diffusion method at extract concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15%, and the results were analyzed descriptively. The findings indicated that the ethanolic extract contained flavonoids. Emulgels at all concentrations exhibited acceptable physical appearance and a pH suitable for topical use (pH 5–6). However, adhesiveness remained suboptimal (<4 s), and only the 15% formulation met the spreadability criterion, with a value of 5.56 cm. All emulgel concentrations demonstrated antibacterial activity against S. aureus, producing inhibition zones of 10 mm (5%), 12 mm (10%), and 14.6 mm (15%), whereas clindamycin cream (positive control) yielded a 40 mm inhibition zone.
ANALISIS KUALITAS AIR MINUM DAN KANDUNGAN LOGAM BERAT TIMBAL (Pb) PADA DEPOT AIR MINUM ISI ULANG (DAMIU) DI KOTA PALANGKA RAYA-KALIMATAN TENGAH Dwi Hermayantiningsih; Muh. Supwatul Hakim; Tety Wahyuningsih Manurung
Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Literasi Artikel Penelitian Kimia
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/jc.v8i1.5945

Abstract

An analysis of drinking water quality, including physical parameters such as TDS (Total Dissolved Solids), color, odor, and taste, as well as chemical parameters such as pH and lead ion content in refillable drinking water depots in Palangka Raya City, has been conducted. Drinking water requirements must comply with the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2023 concerning the Implementation of Government Regulation Number 66 of 2014 regarding Environmental Health. The method throughout this investigation is laboratory experiment. Samples of refillable drinking water were obtained using a random sampling method at 9 different locations in Jekan Raya District. Based on the analysis of physical parameters including TDS, color, odor, and taste, the drinking water sample still meets drinking water quality standards. The results of pH measurements at 7 out of 9 sampling points showed that the pH values of 6.5-8.5 did not meet the quality standards. Analysis of lead (Pb) levels based on AAS showed that the Pb content in 9 samples was below the maximum permissible standard of 0.01 mg/L.
MASS BALANCE ANALYSIS OF GLUCOSE FROM SUGARCANE BAGASSE THROUGH ULTRASONIC ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS Erwan Adi Saputro; Adithya Daffa Rabbani; Miranda Annisa Anwar; Wiliandi Saputro; Intan Suhada Azmi; Ardika Nurmawati
Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Literasi Artikel Penelitian Kimia
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/jc.v8i1.6135

Abstract

This study explores the conversion of sugarcane bagasse into glucose through an enzymatic ultrasonic hydrolysis process. Initially, the bagasse undergoes delignification using 6% sodium hydroxide to remove lignin and free cellulose for further processing. The delignified bagasse is then hydrolyzed using cellulase enzyme under ultrasonic conditions. The results indicate that glucose production is influenced by factors such as raw material preparation, enzyme activity, temperature, and pH. Mass balance calculations were applied to assess the input and output of materials throughout the delignification and hydrolysis processes. The findings show that 10 grams of delignified sugarcane bagasse yielded 5.955 grams of glucose, demonstrating the potential of sugarcane bagasse as a source of bioenergy through glucose production. These results support the utilization of agricultural waste in bioethanol production and contribute to sustainable energy development.
KAJIAN SIFAT FISIKA DAN KIMIA BIOPLASTIK DARI PATI BIJI NANGKA (Artocarpus heterophyllus) Nurakirawati; Radiatul Jannah; Ni Ketut Sumarni; Jusman
Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Literasi Artikel Penelitian Kimia
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/jc.v8i1.6171

Abstract

This study explores the physical and degradability characteristics of bioplastics formulated from jackfruit seed waste starch (Artocarpus heterophyllus), combined with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a plasticizer. The jackfruit seeds were processed into a paste, and the starch was extracted and dried in an oven at 50°C to obtain dry starch. This starch was then tested using an iodine solution, resulting in a purple coloration indicating the presence of starch. Bioplastics were synthesized using different proportions of starch and PVA (0:4, 1:3, 2:2, 3:1, 4:0). The mechanical and biodegradable properties evaluated included tensile strength, elongation, Young’s modulus, water absorption, and degradation rate. The tensile strength ranged between 19.16 MPa and 23.68 MPa, elongation varied from 7.10% to 139.00%, and Young’s modulus values ranged from 0.13 MPa to 3.33 MPa. Optimal mechanical performance was found in the 0:4 and 2:2 formulations. The bioplastic exhibited 116% water absorption and achieved full (100%) degradation within a 7-day period.
OPTIMASI FORMULA KRIM EKSTRAK DAUN AFRIKA (Vernonia Amygdalina Del.) SEBAGAI ANTIJAMUR CANDIDA ALBICANS ATCC 10231 Iklila Zahra
Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Literasi Artikel Penelitian Kimia
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/jc.v8i1.6373

Abstract

The utilization of natural materials as active pharmaceutical ingredients continues to develop, one of which is the use of Vernonia amygdalina Del. (African leaf) extract as an antimicrobial agent against Candida albicans, a fungus causing skin infections. This study aimed to determine the highest antimicrobial activity between the extract and its active fractions and to optimize a cream formulation using variations of stearic acid, triethanolamine (TEA), and adeps lanae through a factorial design method. Evaluation parameters included pH, viscosity, spreadability, Franz diffusion, and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) values. The research was conducted experimentally using the disk diffusion method to determine the highest antimicrobial activity from extracts and fractions obtained using solvents of varying polarity. The extract or fraction with the highest activity was formulated into a cream, which was then tested for physical properties, penetration, and antimicrobial activity using the macrodilution method. The results showed that the African leaf extract exhibited the strongest antimicrobial activity, with an inhibition zone of 17.9 ± 2.33 mm against Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Variations in composition significantly affected pH, viscosity, spreadability, and Franz diffusion parameters. Based on the superimposed contour plot analysis, the optimal cream formulation consisted of 10 g stearic acid, 4 g TEA, and 4 g adeps lanae, achieving a cumulative Franz diffusion penetration of 12.53% and an MBC value of 25%.
KARAKTERISASI KIMIA DAN MORFOLOGI BIOKOKAS DARI BAGLOG JAMUR DENGAN PEREKAT LIMBAH LILIN MALAM BATIK MENGGUNAKAN FTIR DAN SEM Hamim Mahfudhillah; Siti Azzahra Santika; Adeecha Cinta Islamiah
Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Literasi Artikel Penelitian Kimia
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/jc.v8i1.6468

Abstract

The global energy crisis caused by the depletion of fossil fuels and increasing greenhouse gas emissions has accelerated the development of biomass-based renewable energy such as biocoke. This study aims to analyze the chemical and morphological characteristics of biocoke derived from mushroom baglog with batik wax waste binder using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Samples were used are raw mushroom baglog (M50%) and pyrolyzed baglog biochar (P50%), each mixed with 50% batik wax waste. The pyrolysis process was carried out at 350-400 °C for 3 hours in an oxygen-limited reactor. FTIR analysis revealed that M50% biocoke contained strong aliphatic C–H and O–H hydroxyl groups, indicating high moisture (7.55%) and volatile matter (41.75%). In contrast, P50% biocoke exhibited intensified aromatic C=C peaks (1588 cm⁻¹) and reduced O–H bands (3616 cm⁻¹), reflecting higher carbonization with 46.76% fixed carbon and a heating value of 27.31 MJ/kg. SEM micrographs showed a distinct morphological difference: M50% had a fibrous and highly porous structure, while P50% displayed a compact, homogeneous surface with micro-pores (1–10 µm). The combination of pyrolysis and batik wax waste addition produced biocoke with improved combustion stability, higher thermal efficiency, and lower exhaust emissions. In conclusion, pyrolysis significantly enhances the energy quality and structural stability of biocoke, while batik wax waste acts as an effective thermoplastic binder, improving particle homogeneity and calorific performance.
ANALYSIS OF MnO2 RECOVERY STUDY FROM DRYCELL BATTERY WASTE: A REVIEW Erwan Adi Saputro; Muhandis Akbar Winaji; Muchammad Fahrizal Hanif; Ardika Nurmawati; Ely Kurniati; Caecilia Pujiastuti
Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Literasi Artikel Penelitian Kimia
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/jc.v8i1.6498

Abstract

Global demand for manganese dioxide (MnO₂) materials is increasing rapidly as the battery and catalyst industry develops, while the availability of primary ores continues to decline. Waste dry cell batteries contain high amounts of MnO₂, making them potentially a secondary source of economically valuable manganese metals. This study systematically discusses various microwave-assisted hydrometallurgy-based hydrometallurgy approaches for the recovery of MnO₂ from waste batteries. The literature study was conducted by examining 50 current scientific references covering three main aspects: extraction methods, the influence of heating methods, and purification strategies. The core conclusion of this review is that microwave-assisted leaching represents the most efficient extraction approach, delivering recovery rates up to 95.1% that significantly surpassing conventional methods (82–85%) while reducing reaction times and energy consumption by up to 40%. Furthermore, this study concludes that chemical oxidation using KMnO4​ is the superior purification strategy, capable of producing MnO2​ with purity exceeding 98%. Consequently, this review establishes that the integrated system of microwave-assisted leaching and selective KMnO4​ oxidation offers the most robust, economical, and environmentally friendly blueprint for implementing a circular economy in the metals industry
ISOLATION AND STRUCTURAL ELUCIDATION OF FLAVONOID FROM BOESENBERGIA PANDURATA RHIZOME Moch Abdussalam; Juniarti; Indah Permata Yuda
Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Literasi Artikel Penelitian Kimia
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/jc.v8i1.6518

Abstract

Temu Kunci (Boesenbergia pandurata) rhizome constitutes a botanical resource long harnessed for ethnomedicinal applications among localized populations. To validate its long-standing traditional application, this investigation aimed to characterize the bioactive chemical profile of the Boesenbergia pandurata rhizome. The dried, pulverized rhizome was initially subjected to maceration for crude extraction of secondary metabolites, followed by a meticulous purification sequence. Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC) was first employed for bulk separation, and subsequent Radial Chromatography refined the flavonoid-rich fractions to yield a pure isolate. The structure of this isolate was then conclusively resolved using advanced 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, which unambiguously identified the primary compound as pinostrobin.

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