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Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya
Published by Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26857065     DOI : https://doi.org/10.36526/jc
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering
Jurnal crystal merupakan jurnal yang diterbitkan oleh program studi kimia Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi. Jurnal ini memuat dan menerbitkan jurnal yang sesuai dengan bidang ilmu kimia murni dan terapannya yang terbit dua kali dalam setahun yaitu bulan maret dan september. adapun penerbitan jurnal didasari dengan komitmen pada kelayakan penulisan artikel ilmiah, prosedur dan format penulisan, dan kontinuitas publikasi.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 122 Documents
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PENGARUH SUHU SINTESIS HIDROTERMAL TERHADAP SIFAT OPTIK KARBON DOTS TERDOPING NITROGEN (N-CDs) Sari, Fathah Dian; Jannah, Nurul; Nuryanti, Sundari Desi
Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya 2025
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/jc.v7i1.5078

Abstract

Karbon dots (CDs) telah menarik perhatian luas dalam berbagai aplikasi optik dan biomedis karena memliki sifat fluoresensi, stabilitas kimia, serta biokompatibilitas. Doping nitrogen diketahui dapat meningkatkan intensitas fluoresensi dan quantum yield (QY) dari CDs. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh suhu sintesis hidrotermal terhadap sifat optik karbon dots terdoping nitrogen (N-CDs) yang disintesis menggunakan rumput gajah sebagai sumber karbon dan etilendiamin sebagai sumber nitrogen. Karbon dots terdoping nitrogen disintesis pada berbagai suhu (150°C, 180°C, dan 200°C) dengan metode hidrotermal satu tahap. Karakterisasi dilakukan menggunakan spektroskopi UV-Vis, spektrofluorometer, dan Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) untuk mengidentifikasi perubahan sifat optik dan mengetahui gugus fungsi N-CDs. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan suhu sintesis mempengaruhi pergeseran panjang gelombang emisi maksimum dan intensitas fluoresensi N-CDs. Pada suhu yang lebih tinggi, terjadi peningkatan delokalisasi elektron yang berkontribusi terhadap pergeseran emisi merah (red-shift), sedangkan pada suhu yang lebih rendah, N-CDs menunjukkan emisi biru (blue-shift) dengan intensitas yang lebih tinggi. Selain itu, analisis FTIR mengindikasikan perubahan gugus fungsi pada permukaan N-CDs akibat variasi suhu, yang berkontribusi terhadap perubahan sifat optik. Temuan ini memberikan wawasan lebih lanjut mengenai optimasi suhu sintesis hidrotermal dalam rekayasa sifat optik N-CDs untuk aplikasi di bidang sensor, bioimaging, dan optoelektronik.
FORMULASI PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR (POC) BERBAHAN LIMBAH KULIT BAWANG MERAH, KULIT JERUK, KULIT NANAS, DAN AIR CUCIAN BERAS DENGAN PENAMBAHAN EM4: Pembuatan Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) dari Kulit Bawang Merah, Kulit Jeruk, Kulit Nanas dan Air Cucian Beras dengan Penambahan EM4 Mardi; Kurniawati, Desy; Rosalynna Stiadi, Della; Putri Ana, Aziza; Rara Bahri, Rayhani; Rahayu Ningsih, Sri
Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya 2025
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/jc.v7i1.5099

Abstract

One solution to overcome the problem of household organic waste is to use technology to process it into liquid organic fertilizer (POC). POC is a solution that contains one or more essential nutrients that are easily absorbed by plants. The main ingredient for making quality POC comes from organic waste, especially wet organic material with high water content, such as fruit and vegetable waste. Several types of waste, such as onion peels, orange peels and pineapple peels, can be processed into POC by adding EM4 as an activator. This research aims to process fruit and vegetable waste into POC, improve skills in making it, and compare the effectiveness of POC with NPK fertilizer on the growth of chili plants. The process of making POC is carried out by mixing onion peel, orange peel and pineapple peel waste with water, rice washing water and brown sugar solution, then adding EM4. This mixture is fermented for seven days with daily stirring and ventilation. The research results show that the POC produced has good nutritional content and can be used as organic fertilizer.
STUDI PENGARUH VARIASI PH DAN KOLEKTOR PADA EFISIENSI FLOTASI MINERAL TEMBAGA SULFIDA Sukamto, Kostiawan; Lukum, Astin; La Kilo, Akram
Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya 2025
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/jc.v7i1.5152

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the effect of pH variations and collector types on the recovery efficiency and Cu content in copper sulfide mineral samples. The experiment was conducted by varying the pH (6, 8, 10, and 12) and using different types of collectors, namely Xanthate, Potassium Amyl Xanthate (PAX), Diethyl Dithiophosphate (DTP), and a combination of PAX + DTP. Control variables included flotation time (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 minutes), collector concentration at 50 mg/L, particle size <75 µm, and the use of Frother Methyl Isobutyl Carbinol (MIBC) at a concentration of 10 mg/L. Modifiers such as NaOH and H₂SO₄ were used to adjust the pH, while Copper Sulfate (CuSO₄) served as an activator and Sodium Metabisulfite (Na₂S₂O₅) as a depressant. The results showed that variations in pH and collector types significantly influenced recovery efficiency and Cu content in the concentrate. In general, the highest recovery efficiency was achieved at pH 10 with the combination of PAX + DTP, which resulted in a higher Cu content compared to other single collectors. This combination was able to improve recovery efficiency to over 75%, with Cu content in the concentrate reaching 28%. Therefore, the findings suggest the use of a collector combination and pH optimization as strategies to enhance the performance of copper sulfide flotation.
STEPPING COLORATION OF Co(OH)2/Ni(OH)2 ELECTROCHROMIC FILM PREPARED BY A SIMPLE CHEMICAL BATH DEPOSITION METHOD Ghifari, M Alvien; Desti Riandiani; Juwita Sari; Bambang Ari Wahjoedi
Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Literasi Artikel Penelitian Kimia
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/jc.v7i2.5707

Abstract

Electrochromic smart windows enable dynamic regulation of solar irradiation, thereby contributing to improved energy efficiency in building environments. In this work, Co(OH)₂/Ni(OH)₂ composite films were successfully deposited onto ITO-coated glass substrates via a facile chemical bath deposition method. Two configurations were explored: a homogeneously mixed composite and a double-layer architecture. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of the films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV–Vis spectroscopy. Both film types exhibited voltage-dependent, stepwise color modulation under applied potentials, confirming their electrochromic behavior. Notably, the mixed Co(OH)2/Ni(OH)2 film demonstrated enhanced optical modulation, with a transmittance change (ΔT) of 11.10% and an optical density change (ΔOD) of 0.09 at 0.15 V, increasing to 50.14% and 0.91 at 0.75 V. In contrast, the bilayer configuration showed significantly lower ΔT and ΔOD values of 1.36% and 0.13 at 0.15 V, and 9.64% and 0.31 at 0.75 V. These results highlight the synergistic role of Co(OH)2 in tuning the optical response of Ni(OH)₂-based electrochromic films and suggest that compositional mixing is more effective than stratified layering for optimizing optical contrast in electrochromic devices.
SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION AND UV-PROTECTIVE POTENTIAL OF ARCANGELISIA FLAVA EXTRACT Manurung, Tety Wahyuningsih; Alfanaar, Rokiy; Ariefin, Mokhamat; Pasaribu, Marvin Horale; Simaremare, Eva Susanty
Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Literasi Artikel Penelitian Kimia
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/jc.v7i2.5712

Abstract

The increasing demand for natural UV-protective agents has led to the exploration of plant-based bioactive compounds. Yellow root (Arcangelisia flava) extract is traditionally used in medicine and contains flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids with potential photoprotective properties. This study aimed to characterize the chemical composition of A. flava extract and evaluate its UV-absorbing properties using UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopy. The extract was obtained through maceration with ethanol, followed by spectroscopic analysis. The UV-Vis spectrum (200–400 nm) revealed multiple absorption peaks, particularly at 270 nm, 292 nm, 306 nm, 340 nm, 354 nm, 360 nm, and 396 nm, indicating the presence of UV-absorbing compounds. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of hydroxyl (-OH), carbonyl (C=O), and aromatic (C=C) functional groups, which are characteristic of flavonoids and other bioactive compounds. These findings suggest that A. flava extract has potential as a natural UV-protective agent. Further studies on compound isolation, fractionation, and photostability assessments are required to optimize its purity and effectiveness in sunscreen formulations.
FORMULASI EKSTRAK DAUN KITOLOD (HIPOBROMA LONGIFLORA) DALAM SEDIAAN OBAT KUMUR ALAMI TERHADAP BAKTERI STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS Situmeang, Boima; Dzulhijar; Juliandoz; Ahmad Fajar Muzakir; Agus Malik Ibrahim; Nani Yulianti; Nurhayati Bialangi; Weny JA Musa
Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Literasi Artikel Penelitian Kimia
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/jc.v7i2.5802

Abstract

The kitolod plant (Hippobroma longiflora) has been demonstrated to possess antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans, the bacterium responsible for the development of dental caries. The objective of this study was to formulate a mouthwash preparation using kitolod leaf extract. The extract was formulated into three distinct formulations. The mouthwash was evaluated for its pH, viscosity, stability, and antibacterial activity. The antibacterial evaluation was executed in accordance with the Kirby-Bauer method. The positive control utilized in this study was 0.2% chlorhexidine. The pH test results indicated that all three formulations had a pH of 6. The viscosity test demonstrated that all formulations had a viscosity of 0.99, which is close to that of water. The antibacterial evaluation against S. mutans indicated that formulation 2 demonstrated the most pronounced antibacterial activity, exhibiting an inhibition zone measuring 3.81 mm. All three formulations exhibited stability at ambient temperature. In light of the findings from this study, it can be posited that formulation 2 possesses the potential to serve as a natural mouthwash.
PENGUJIAN PERFORMA ALAT SPECTRONIC 20D+ DENGAN LARUTAN KALIUM PERMANGANAT (KMNO4) Ismail, Rohmat; Wahyuningtyas, Irma; Erlangga, Manasye; Prihatini, Esti
Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Literasi Artikel Penelitian Kimia
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/jc.v7i2.5992

Abstract

The Spectronic 20D+ is a simple spectophotometer that is still widely used in laboratories for both research and practicum activities. In order to ensure the continued accuracy of measurements, it is imperative that this instrument undergoes rigorous testing to ascertain its performance. The selection of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) as the testing solution is particularly salient in this context, given its notable advantages over conventional alternatives such as cobalt (II) chloride and potassium dichromate. These alternatives, while widely employed, are associated with a higher degree of risk and cost. The objective of this study is to ascertain the performance of the Spectronic 20D+ device when utilized with a KMnO4 solution. In this study, two units of Spectronic 20D+ were utilized, with one unit receiving a filter cleaning treatment only (PF), and the other undergoing a filter cleaning and replacement of the wolfram lamp (PFL). The maximum wavelength test yielded a value of 515 nanometers on both devices prior to the initiation of the repair process. The results of measuring the standard solution show that there is an increase in the amount of light absorbed, the slope of the line, and the coefficient of determination (R²). These were statistically tested with significantly different results on both tools after the repair process. This finding indicates that the measurement outcomes of the KMnO4 solution can serve as a reliable metric for evaluating the performance of the device before and after the repair process. Furthermore, following the restoration of the tool, the optimal linear range for KMnO4 concentration measurement was ascertained, ranging from 0 to 25 ppm. This determination was informed by the highest R2 value and the outcomes of cuvette correction testing, which yielded a consistent molar permissivity significance value as determined by the Duncan test for the five cuvettes utilized in this study.
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF VACCINE ADJUVANTS: CURRENT APPLICATIONS, DEVELOPMENT, AND IN SILICO DESIGN Herfena, Nikmatia; Gunarti Ningsih, Eka; Tania Artha, Widya; Ardatul Putra, Ilham; Afriana, Nur
Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Literasi Artikel Penelitian Kimia
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/jc.v7i2.5994

Abstract

Adjuvants play a crucial role in modern vaccine formulations by enhancing immune responses, prolonging protection, and reducing the required antigen dose. Although several adjuvants have been globally licensed, the development of novel adjuvants still faces major challenges such as unpredictable immunogenicity, potential toxicity, and high in vivo testing costs. In silico approaches offer promising solutions for accelerating adjuvant design and validation in a more efficient and targeted manner. This review summarizes recent advances in computational methods for adjuvant development, including epitope prediction, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and the application of artificial intelligence. It also discusses currently licensed adjuvants and highlights case studies involving in silico-designed immune-receptor agonists such as Toll-like-receptor (TLR) ligands. Integrating empirical and bioinformatic strategies is expected to create new opportunities for developing safer, more specific, and personalized vaccine adjuvants. Key challenges and future research directions are also identified to optimize the incorporation of in silico approaches into global vaccine innovation.
SINTESIS BIOSURFAKTAN EKSTRAK DAUN PURING (Codiaeum variegatum) DAN KULIT JERUK PURUT (Citrus hystrix) SEBAGAI DETERGEN BIODEGRADABLE Chadijah, Sitti; Nurmayanti, Sarah; Gani, Rahmiani; Zahra, Ummi; Novianty, Iin
Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Literasi Artikel Penelitian Kimia
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/jc.v7i2.6062

Abstract

Croton leaf (Codiaeum variegatum) and kaffir lime peel (Citrus hystrix) are plants that contain secondary metabolite compounds such as saponins and tannins. This research aims to utilize natural ingredients to biodegradable detergent synthesis and determine the quality of the biosurfactant product produced. The detergent composition was made using 5 variations of extract concentration, namely 15%, 30%, 45%, 50% and 55%. Analysis of the quality of detergent products includes organoleptic tests, pH tests, density tests, viscosity tests, foam height and foam stability tests as well as saponin and tannin levels contained therein before and after making the detergent. The detergent quality results obtained met SNI standards, namely pH 5-10, density 1.3 g/cm3, viscosity ranging from 3-20 cP, foam height 3-13 cm and foam stability 66.6% - 92.5%. Total saponin levels increased after making detergent and tannin levels decreased after making detergent. These results proved that croton leaf and kaffir lime peel can be used as raw materials for biodegradable detergent.
BETA MYRCENE DAN DL-LIMONENE SEBAGAI KOMPONEN UTAMA EKSTRAK KULIT JERUK SIAM (CITRUS NOBILIS) DARI EKSTRAKSI DENGAN METODE SOKHLETASI Yuniantari, Ni Luh Putu; Erlin Susilowati; Dini Nastiti Anjarsari
Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Literasi Artikel Penelitian Kimia
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/jc.v7i2.6082

Abstract

Orange is one of the plants that cultivated and considered as horticultural plants. One of the regencies which have a lot of oranges crops is Banyuwangi and orange is one of the Banyuwangi commodities. The kind of orange which cultivated in Banyuwangi is Jeruk Siam (Citrus nobilis). Availability of oranges all of the years and the high of oranges consuming caused a lot of peel. To process orange peel be a product that have economics value that is be essentials oil. The aim of this research is to explore the diversity of volatile compounds of Citrus nobilis peel. The method used in this research is soxhletation which n-hexane as solvent. Extract was analyzed by using GCMS-QP2020 NX Shimadzu. Two of major volatile compound was identified as beta myrcene and dl-limonene which had Rt dan % area are 2.501 minutes, 3.75% and 3.113 minute, 41.08% the data was compared to Wiley 9 LIB. The data fragmentation (m/z) of beta myrcene are 41, 43, 53, 69, 93, 107, 121,136. The data fragmentation (m/z) of dl-limonene are 36, 41, 53, 68,79, 93, 107, 121, dan 136.

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