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Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26850389     DOI : 10.30829/contagion
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Public Health
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health, A Scientific Periodic Journal of Public Health published by the Public health Study Program of The Faculty of Public Health UINSU Medan. This Journal prioritiez the collaboration of lecturers and students with scope of the discussion is about Public Health, Health and Islam, and Coastal Health. This Journal is published twice, published on June and December.
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Articles 465 Documents
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The Influence of Sociodemographic Factors and Disease Characteristics on the Medication Adherence among Hypertensive Patients Fazidah Aguslina Siregar; Asfriyati Asfriyati
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 7, No 1 (2025): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v7i1.23198

Abstract

Hypertension is a major global public health concern associated with increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Despite the availability of effective antihypertensive therapy, suboptimal blood pressure control remains prevalent, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Poor medication adherence is a key contributing factor, often influenced by various sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. This study aimed to assess the level of medication adherence among hypertensive patients and to examine the association between sociodemographic and clinical factors and adherence behavior in an urban Indonesian population. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 153 hypertensive patients attending six public health centers in Medan City, Indonesia, between August and October 2021. Participants were selected using purposive sampling. Medication adherence was assessed using the validated Indonesian version of the Eight-Item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). Data on age, education, income, family history, body mass index, comorbidities, and blood pressure were collected through interviews and direct measurements. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed using SPSS version 24.0 to identify significant predictors of adherence. Among the participants, 52.3% demonstrated high medication adherence, while 47.7% had low adherence. Multivariate analysis revealed that age ≥45 years (RP = 4.29; p = 0.023), low education level (RP = 1.50; p = 0.044), and family history of hypertension (RP = 2.05; p = 0.040) were significantly associated with adherence. Other variables, including income, BMI, and comorbidities, were not significant predictors. Medication adherence among hypertensive patients remains suboptimal. Targeted interventions focusing on older adults, patients with lower education, and family-centered support may enhance adherence and improve hypertension management outcomes. Keywords: Adherence, Education, Hypertension, Risk factors
Factors Influencing Contraceptive Usage Among Women Childbearing Age in Indonesia (Analysis of The 2023 Indonesian Health Survey) Amrina Rosyada; Agnes Intan Feronika
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 7, No 1 (2025): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v7i1.23740

Abstract

The global trend of Total Fertility Rate (TFR) has significantly decreased, particularly in developed and some developing countries. Controlling the population growth rate could be achieved by suppressing fertility through the use of contraceptives. This study utilized secondary data from SKI 2023 with a cross-sectional design. Sampling was conducted using multistage random sampling, resulting in a total sample of 53,783 respondents. The sample consisted of Women of Reproductive Age, aged 15-49 years in Indonesia, who met the inclusion criteria. Data analysis included univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses using complex sample procedures. The results showed that the prevalence of contraceptive use among women of reproductive age was 72.4%. The multivariate analysis revealed several factors significantly associated with contraceptive use, including age at first pregnancy (p = 0.001; PR = 1.365; 95% CI: 1.259-1.480), occupation (p = 0.001; PR = 1.289; 95% CI: 1.210-1.372), economic status (p = 0.008; PR = 1.098; 95% CI: 1.025-1.177), place of residence (p = 0.001; PR = 1.198; 95% CI: 1.120-1.281), unwanted pregnancy (p = 0.002; PR = 1.231; 95% CI: 1.081-1.401), and parity (p = 0.001; PR = 1.121; 95% CI: 1.050-1.196). The most dominant factor associated with contraceptive use was education level (p = 0.001; PR = 1.489; 95% CI: 1.388-1.596). Women of reproductive age could improve their knowledge about contraceptive use not only through formal education but also by utilizing technology, such as educational videos, webinars, and informative content on social media platforms, to better understand and select appropriate contraceptives based on their health needs and conditions. Keywords: Contraceptives, Influencing Factors, Women Childbearing Age
The Association Between Social Media Addiction and Mental Health Among Generation Z: A Cross-sectional Study in University X-West Sumatera, Indonesia Elsi Novnariza; Yudi Pradipta; Saidati Ashfi Dzakiya Henda; Aisyah Jannatus Shabrina
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 7, No 1 (2025): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v7i1.24102

Abstract

Mental health issues among adolescents in Indonesia are significant public health concern, with the prevalence rate reported 9.8%. Advances in information technology and widespread use of social media are factors that bring benefits as well as adverse effects on adolescent mental health. The study aimed to examine the association between social media addiction and the mental health of Generation Z college students. We used a cross-sectional study on May-July 2024 in University X, West Sumatera Province. The sample was 140 students based on Lemeshow's sample size formula. We conducted purposive sampling in 15 faculties proportionally. Data were collected through interviews using structured questionnaires adopted from Social Media Addiction Scale (SMAS) and Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ)-20. Data were analyzed using linear regression test with 95% Confidence Interval. The Majority of respondents were female (60%), from 2023 cohort (26.43%), and lived in a boarding house (76.43%). The most frequently used social media by respondents were: Instagram (68.6%), TikTok (55%), and WhatsApp (50%). The most significant relationship (p-value<0.001) was found between social media addiction and students' mental health adjusted by gender, residential, and admission year of students. These findings suggest that social media addiction related to mental health issues among college students. It is recommended that the university collaborate with the health service to conduct regular screening and mental health assesment for students. Keywords: College Students, Generation Z, Mental Health, Social Media Addiction
Nurse Managers' Experience in Managing Patient Screening at RSUP H. Adam Malik's Emergency Department During the COVID-19 Pandemic Syahferi Anwar; Lutfi Henderlan Harahap; Balqis Nurmauli Damanik
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 7, No 1 (2025): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v7i1.23720

Abstract

Nurse managers play an essential role in coordinating emergency department functions, especially during global health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Indonesia, their experiences have not been widely explored, despite facing unique logistical, emotional, and cultural challenges. This study aims to explore the lived experiences of nurse managers in overseeing COVID-19 screening procedures in the emergency department of RSUP H. Adam Malik Hospital in Medan, Indonesia. A descriptive phenomenological approach was employed to capture the essence of their experiences. Ten nurse managers were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews lasting 30 to 60 minutes, supplemented by field notes and document analysis. Colaizzi's seven-step method guided the analysis, with credibility ensured via member checking and triangulation using multiple informants. The study identified five major themes: (1) psychological distress in the early phase of the pandemic, stemming from fear, uncertainty, and concern for family safety; (2) challenges in implementing screening, including patient resistance, resource limitations, and PPE shortages; (3) proactive efforts for early COVID-19 detection through triage protocols and symptom-checking tools; (4) improvements in screening management, emphasizing leadership, education, and compliance; and (5) adaptation and resilience, as nurse managers developed strategies to cope with evolving demands and pressures. These themes reveal both universal healthcare struggles and context-specific issues-such as anxiety about infecting multigenerational households-that shaped nurse managers' responses. This research contributes to the limited body of qualitative evidence on pandemic leadership in LMICs. The insights gained underscore the importance of robust emergency preparedness, targeted psychological support for healthcare leaders, and ongoing improvements in screening protocols. Strengthening these areas can better equip healthcare systems to face future public health emergencies. Keywords: Nurse Managers, COVID-19, Emergency Department, Screening, Indonesia, LMICs.
Health Worker's Compilance and Pregnant Women's Perceptions of The MCH Handbook : A Scoping Review Elvira Nafiani; Zulvayanti Zulvayanti; Puspa Sari
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 7, No 1 (2025): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v7i1.24931

Abstract

The Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Handbook is a vital tool designed to enhance maternal and child health services by fostering improved communication between healthcare providers and expectant mothers. However, its effective utilization is significantly influenced by various factors, particularly the adherence of health workers to its guidelines and the perceptions held by pregnant women. This scoping review investigates the determinants affecting health workers' compliance and the engagement of pregnant women with the MCH Handbook. A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted to identify relevant studies published over the past decade, employing thematic analysis to categorize the factors impacting compliance and perceptions. Preliminary findings indicate that organizational support, training, workload, and motivation play crucial roles in health workers' adherence, while factors such as literacy levels, cultural beliefs, and previous healthcare experiences shape pregnant women's perceptions of the handbook. Recognizing these factors is essential for developing targeted interventions aimed at optimizing the handbook's use and improving maternal and child health outcomes. Moreover, the review emphasizes the urgent need for further research to establish evidence-based strategies that enhance the implementation of the MCH Handbook across diverse healthcare settings. Effective use is not solely about distribution; it requires a comprehensive understanding of the contextual factors influencing its application. By addressing the identified barriers and facilitators, stakeholders-including healthcare administrators, policymakers, and community organizations-can create tailored interventions that support health workers and empower pregnant women. Such efforts are expected to lead to improved health services and outcomes for mothers and children, highlighting the importance of a collaborative approach in maternal and child health initiatives. Prioritizing this research agenda will ensure the MCH Handbook effectively serves families from various cultural and socioeconomic backgrounds. Keyword: MCH Handbook, Health Workers' Compliance, Pregnant Women's Perceptions.
Analysis of the Phenomenon of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) in Children Under Five at the Boyolali Regency Regional Health Center Sri Suparti
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 7, No 2 (2025): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v7i2.24819

Abstract

Boyolali is located at the foot of Mount Merapi, and characterized by a cold, humid climate with an average temperature of 20°C. Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) affect the upper and lower respiratory tracts for less than 14 days and are caused by viruses, bacteria, or fungi. ARI remains among the top three causes of illness in Central Java. This study aims to analyze individual and environmental factors contributing of ARI incidence in children under five years of age. An observational cross-sectional design was employed, with data collected through questionnaires. The number of children under 5 years old recorded was 109,968, resulting in a minimum sample size of 383. Questionnaires were distributed across 6 service areas of the Boyolali Public Health Center. Data analysis used binary logistic regression techniques. Results: ARI in infants (sig < 0.05). The odds ratio is 4.307. This means that infants with good individual factors will increase the number of non-ARI infants by 4.307 times. Environmental factors in infants (sig < 0.05). The odds ratio is 152.660. This means that infants with favorable environmental factors will increase of non-ARI infants by 152.660 times. Based on the results of the Spearman correlation test. Individual factors are important in environmental factors. Conclusion: In this study, both individual factors and environmental conditions significantly influence the incidence of ARI in infants in the Puskesmas in Boyolali.Keywords: Acute Respiratory Infections, Analysis, Children, Risk Factors
Utilization of Primary Healthcare Services and Stunting Among Children Aged 0-59 Months in Indonesia: A National Cross-Sectional Study Apriliani Apriliani
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 7, No 1 (2025): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v7i1.25425

Abstract

Stunting remains a critical public health concern in Indonesia, contributing toelevated morbidity rates and undermining the quality of human capital. While primary healthcare services are central to preventive efforts, their direct association with stunting at the national scale remains inadequately explored. This study investigates the relationship between primary healthcare utilization and stunting incidence among children aged 0-59 months in Indonesia, using data from the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey (SKI). A cross-sectional analytical design was employed, involving 79,141 children after data cleaning. Nutritional status was measured via the height-for-age (H/A) indicator based on WHO Z-scores. Independent variables included child's sex, maternal education level, maternal employment status, residential area, availability of primary healthcare facilities, and health insurance ownership. Statistical analysis encompassed univariate, bivariate (chi-square test), and multivariate (binary logistic regression) methods. Significant associations were found for sex, maternal education, place of residence, and availability of healthcare facilities (p < 0.05), while maternal employment and health insurance showed no significant relationship. Multivariate analysis identified maternal education as the dominant determinant (p = 0.023; Exp(B) = 1.040; 95% CI: 1.006-1.077). Children of mothers with lower educational attainment faceda heightened risk of stunting compared to those whose mothers had higher education. Utilization of primary healthcare services was associated with stunting among children, particularly through maternal education as a key determinant. Findings underscore the importance of strengthening family-based interventions and enhancing maternal health literacy within the framework of primary healthcare to address stunting more effectively Keywords: Stunting, Children, Primary healthcare services, Indonesia
Exploration of The Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as an Indicator of Inflammation with Hemoglobin and Creatinine Levels as an Illustration of Kidney Function in Tuberculosis Cases Christina Destri Wiwis Wijayanti; Waode Fifin Ervina Muslihi; Herin Mawarti
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 7, No 1 (2025): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v7i1.24034

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health challenge, consistently ranking among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Its chronic progression, ease of airborne transmission, and potential to induce systemic inflammation and multi-organ involvement underscore the urgency of timely diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression and treatment response. In this context, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has emerged as a simple and cost-effective biomarker of systemic inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the association between NLR and two key clinical parameters, haemoglobin and creatinine levels, as indicators of anemia and renal function, respectively, in TB patients. A descriptive analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted at the Immunology Laboratory of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Maarif Hasyim Latif University, from August 2024 to January 2025. The study sample comprised 80 adult TB patients, and data were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation via SPSS version 25. Results revealed a statistically significant weak negative correlation between NLR and hemoglobin levels (p = 0.040, r = -0.230), suggesting that heightened inflammation may be associated with lower hemoglobin levels, potentially due to inflammation-induced anemia. In contrast, the correlation between NLR and creatinine levels was not statistically significant (p = 0.303, r = 0.117), indicating a weak and clinically inconclusive relationship between systemic inflammation and renal function in patients without evident kidney disorders. These findings underscore the potential utility of NLR as an early marker of inflammation-related anemia in TB patients. However, NLR alone may be insufficient for assessing renal function, highlighting the need for complementary diagnostic parameters in future research. Overall, NLR offers promise as a clinical evaluation tool in TB management, particularly in resource-limited settings. Keywords: Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Tuberculosis, Inflammatory Biomarkers, Anemia, Kidney Function.
The Relationship Between Length of Stay (LOS) and Patient Satisfaction With Hospitality Services at Haji General Hospital Medan Titin Nasiatin; Mukhlasin Mukhlasin
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 7, No 1 (2025): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v7i1.24071

Abstract

The length of stay (LOS) or duration of hospitalization is a key indicator of hospital service quality. Prolonged LOS often signals inefficiencies and can lead to lower patient satisfaction. The core issue in this study is the high percentage of patients dissatisfied with services at the Haji General Hospital Medan citing unresponsive staff and inadequate facilities. This research aims to determine the relationship between LOS and patient satisfaction following hospitalization. A quantitative research method with a cross-sectional design was employed. The study took place at Haji General Hospital Medan, North Sumatra, from January to May 2023. The population included 60 patients treated in the Jabal Rahma and Safa wards, with a purposive sample of 35 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. Data were gathered through questionnaires and medical record observations. Patient satisfaction was measured using a validated Likert-scale questionnaire, while LOS was recorded from hospital records. Data analysis was conducted using the Chi-square test. Results revealed that 57.1% of patients had a LOS of less than five days, and 60.0% reported being very satisfied with their care. Statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between LOS and patient satisfaction (p = 0.005 < 0.05). Shorter LOS was correlated with higher satisfaction levels, suggesting more effective medical performance. In conclusion, patients with shorter hospital stays tended to report greater satisfaction, highlighting LOS as a crucial factor in evaluating healthcare service quality. It is recommended that hospitals strive to optimize care efficiency without compromising outcomes. Further research is suggested to explore additional factors affecting satisfaction, such as staff communication and facility adequacy, to improve service delivery Keywords: Length of Stay (LOS), Patient Satisfaction, Hospitalization, Healthcare Quality.
The Connection Between Health Education, Exclusive Breastfeeding, and Infant Weight Gain : A Scoping Review Shilvia Shilvia; Zulvayanti Zulvayanti; Dewi Marhaeni Diah Herawati; Hadi Susiarno; Dany Hilmanto; Setyorini Irianti
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 7, No 1 (2025): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v7i1.25548

Abstract

This study aims to explore the relationship between health education, exclusive breastfeeding, and infant weight gain. Exclusive breastfeeding is recognized as the best nutrition for infants; however, adherence to breastfeeding practices is often influenced by the mother's level of education. Through a scoping review approach, we collected and analyzed a total of 10 recent studies that discuss the impact of health education on mothers' attitudes and behaviors regarding exclusive breastfeeding, in line with the PRISMA framework. The analysis results indicate that mothers with adequate health education are more likely to understand the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding and demonstrate a stronger commitment to it. Additionally, optimal exclusive breastfeeding contributes to healthy growth and weight development in infants. These findings emphasize the importance of health education interventions in supporting successful breastfeeding practices, which can improve infants' nutritional status. Further research is needed to explore additional factors influencing this relationship and to formulate more effective strategies for promoting exclusive breastfeeding. Keyword: Health Education, Exclusive Breastfeeding, Infant Weight Gain

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