Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pathology and Medical Laboratory (IJCPML)
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pathology and Medical Laboratory (IJCPML) is a journal published by “Association of Clinical Pathologist” professional association. This journal displays articles in the Clinical Pathology and Medical Laboratory scope. Clinical Pathology has a couple of subdivisions, namely: Clinical Chemistry, Hematology, Immunology and Serology, Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Hepatology, Cardiovascular, Endocrinology, Blood Transfusion, Nephrology, and Molecular Biology. Scientific articles of these topics, mainly emphasize on the laboratory examinations, pathophysiology, and pathogenesis in a disease.
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ABORTUS HABITUALIS PADA ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME
L P. Kalalo;
S. Darmadi;
E. G. Dachlan
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 12, No 2 (2005)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory
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DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v12i2.849
A 30 year old woman, complaining no menstruation for 5 months and had abortion history about 5 times, was admitted to the Dr.Soetomo Hospital outpatient unit. She was then diagnosed of antiphospholipid syndrome on pregnancy. The diagnosis was erected bythe presence of aborts habitualis as a clinical criterion, and the finding of IgG anticardiolipin antibody in two times examination withinterval 9 weeks as laboratory criteria. The criteria were relevant to The International consensus for APS classification (InternationalWorkshop 1999) as well. The patient had lack of financial support so she was just treated with ASA (acetyl salicylic acid), roborantia,and tocolitic-nifedipin or alilestrenol whenever they are needed. These medications were administered until the baby was delivered bysectio caecarea (healthy and normal baby).
OLD PEOPLE AND DIABETES MELLITUS
Hardjoeno Hardjoeno
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 12, No 2 (2005)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory
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DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v12i2.842
Menjadi tua adalah proses mengembangkan hidup yang berkaitan dengan kumpulan perubahan yang di orang lanjut usia (lansia)dapat meningkatkan resiko kematian. Sindroma metabolik merupakan salah satu perubahan tersebut yang dikenal secara klinis danhasil laboratorik yaitu obesitas, hipertensi, intoleransi glukosa, dislipidemia, proinflammatory dan prothrombotic state. Hal ini dapatmeningkatkan prevalensi diabetes mellitus tipe 2 (T2DM) dan komplikasinya. Karena banyak kasus DM tidak terdiagnosis, penyaringan(skrining) yang diikuti pencegahan dan penatalaksanaan sangat diperlukan. Menyaring (skrining) orang lanjut usia dengan satu ataulebih komponen sindroma metabolik yang belum terdiagnosis DM dengan menilai glukosa darah puasa dan dua jam sesudah bebanuntuk diagnosis DM dan resiko kematiannya. Penyaringan (skrining) dilakukan di 1080 lansia umur 50 tahun atau lebih di Makassaryang diduga DM dengan tes glukosa plasma puasa dan dua jam sesudah beban, kemudian dinilai menurut klasifikasi WHO 1998.Dari 1080 pasien yang terdiri atas 560 (51,85%) laki-laki dan 520 (48,15%) perempuan, ditemukan DM, 420 (38,89%) denganglukosa plasma puasa 126 mg/dl, 425 (39,35%) dengan 2 jam sesudah beban glukosa 200 mg/dl dan 517 (47,87%) denganglukosa plasma puasa 126 mg/dl serta 2 jam sesudah beban 200 mg/dl. Satu atau lebih komponen sindroma metabolik orangtua merupakan biomarker atau prediktor untuk T2DM dan PJV. Pemeriksaan kesehatan secara reguler atau sedikitnya tes gula darahpuasa dan 2 jam sesudah beban glukosa di orang tua perlu dilakukan dan termasuk dalam sistem asuransi kesehatan. Diagnosis dinidiabetes dan penatalaksanaannya berarti mengurangi komplikasi, cacat, kematian maupun pembiayaan.
ANALISIS KADAR OSTEOKALSIN SERUM OSTEOPENIA DAN OSTEOPOROSIS
N Sennang AN;
Mutmainnah Mutmainnah;
RDN Pakasi;
Hardjoeno Hardjoeno
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 12, No 2 (2005)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory
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DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v12i2.841
Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease, characterized by decreased of bone mass density. Its incidence is higher in older population.Serum osteocalcin level is related to the rate of bone turnover. To analyze serum osteocalcin level on osteopenic and osteoporosis subjects.We examined 61 subjects for detecting osteopenia and osteoporosis by Sahara densitometer and measuring serum osteocalcin level byElecsys N-MID Osteocalsin Assay test. Of 21 men and 40 women, prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis were higher in women(57.5% and 32.5%) than men (42.9% and 23.8%). Most of osteoporosis subjects were in ≥ 60 years group and osteopenic subjects werein 50–59 years group (p<0.05). Mean of serum osteocalcin on osteoporosis subjects (26.70 ng/mL) was higher than osteopenic (23.78ng/mL) and normal (19.16 ng/mL) subjects (p<0.005). Prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis were higher in women than men. Theincidence of osteoporosis was related to the increase of age. Serum osteocalcin level was related to the severity of diagnosis category.
PENGUMPULAN DAN BATAS PEMAKAIAN SAMPEL POPOK PADA PERBENIHAN URIN
Rini Riyanti;
Prihatini Prihatini;
M.Y Probohoesodo
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 12, No 2 (2005)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory
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DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v12i2.847
Urinary tract infection diagnosis is based on urine culture, taken from a midstream collection in the morning. Obtaining samplesin this manner is difficult in children less than 3 years. In children less than 3 years, urine is obtained by urine collectors. Using urinecollectors may cause discomfort, and the possibility that the urine collectors may not adhere resulting in contamination. (1) Developinga practical method for urine sample collection. (2) Comparing culture from diapers and urine collectors samples. (3) Knowing the limittime for using diapers acceptable for urine culture. Urine samples were obtained from 20 children less than 3 years, using urine collectorsand diapers used for 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours and then cultured. Majority of the urine culture from diapers used for 1 hour and 2hours showed the same result with the urine culture from urine collectors. Contamination was found in the urine culture result fromdiapers used for 3 hours. Urine samples from diapers used for 1 hour and 2 hours can be used as samples for urine culture. The techniqueis easy and can be done in children less than 3 years.
ANALISIS TEMUAN BASIL TAHAN ASAM PADA SPUTUM CARA LANGSUNG DAN SEDIAAN KONSENTRASI PADA SUSPEK TUBERKULOSIS
Elisabeth Frida;
S. Ibrahim;
Hardjoeno Hardjoeno
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 12, No 2 (2005)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory
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DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v12i2.844
Tuberculosis is still an important health problem in Indonesia, being the third place in the world. The diagnosis could be done bydirect microscopic method of slides stained with Ziehl Neelsen. The finding of AFB could be improved by decontaminating the specimensto provide a concentrated sample. To analyze the findings of AFB through microscopy and concentrated smear methods, comparing ofeach to bacteriological culture. Diagnosis was done on 148 patients during May to September 2005, using microscopic method (directmicroscopy and concentrated smear) and culture. Analysis of results was done by using SPSS for Window v. 11.5. Of the 148 specimens,15 (10.1%) and 55 (37.2%) positive AFB were found in direct microscopy and concentrated smears respectively. The sensitivities indirect microscopy and concentrated smears were 22% and 64.8%, while the specificities were 96.8% and 78.7%, positive predictivevalues (PPV) were 80% and 63.6%, negative predictive values (NPV) 68.4% and 79.5%, accuracy values were 69.5% and 73.6%. Thespecificity and PPV were higher in direct microscopic method, while positive value, sensitivity, NPV and accuracy value were higher indecontamination, concentrated sample method. Concentrated sample method will increase the accuracy of the finding of Ziehl NeelsenstainedAFB so that this method could be assumed better for use.
EVALUASI PEMERIKSAAN IMUNOKROMATOGRAFI UNTUK MENDETEKSI ANTIBODI IgM DAN IgG DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE ANAK
Ety Retno Setyowati;
Aryati Aryati;
Prihatini Prihatini;
M.Y. Probohoesodo
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 12, No 2 (2005)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory
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DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v12i2.850
The gold standard diagnosis of DHF by RT-PCR needs a complex technology and is time consuming. Serological tests have beendeveloped to detect IgM and IgG anti dengue to determine primary as well as secondary acute phase infection. IgM and IgG antidenguetests by immunochromatography have been used, due to a high diagnostic validity, also because they are simple, practicable, easy, rapid(15–30 minutes), can be used in a single serum sample. ELISA method has been used as a confirmation method. The aim of this studyis to evaluate the immunochromatography method in detecting IgG and IgM anti dengue of DHF patients. The study was performedon 50 serum samples from patients of the ICU Department of Paediatrics Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya during July–August 2005with dengue virus infection according to the 1997, WHO criterion and 27 serum samples from non dengue virus infection patients.ELISA method showed positive infection in 44 samples. Immunochromatography method showed positive infection in 43 samples, butwas negative in 1 sample. Diagnostic sensitivity of Immunochromatography is 97.7% (43/44) and the diagnostic specificity is 92.6%(25/27). Immunochromatography method has a high diagnostic value in assisting the diagnosis of DHF.
HASIL TES LAJU ENDAP DARAH CARA MANUAL DAN AUTOMATIK
N. Ibrahim;
Suci Aprianti;
M. Arif;
Hardjoeno Hardjoeno
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 12, No 2 (2005)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory
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DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v12i2.840
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a non specific test that describes changes in protein plasma and is useful to determine inflammatory case. ESR is determined by using manual and automatic. In big cities, automatic method is more popular now days, but in periphery area, manual method is still the choice. To find out correlation between the results of manual and automatic tests. Cross sectional study was carried out among 200 patients at dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Public Hospital of Makassar from September to October 2005. The data were analyzed using R-Square (R2) and regression test using SPSS 11.5. There is significant correlation (P<0.05) among vertical manual, oblique manual and automatic methods. R2 of automatic and vertical methods are 0.95 (the first one hour) and 0.94 (the second one hour), as well as the R2 of oblique and vertical methods are 0.62 (the first one hour) and 0.87 (the second one hour) respectively. There is correlation among the results of the three methods. To convert the result of automatic to vertical, an equation of vertical score = 4.32 + 1.00 (automatic score) can be used. Meanwhile, conversion of oblique score to vertical score is vertical score = 7.58 + 0.99 (oblique score).
POLA MIKROORGANISME PADA LIANG VAGINA WANITA HAMIL DI RSU DR. SOETOMO SURABAYA
Sianny Herawati;
M.Y. Probohoesodo;
Prihatini .
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 12, No 2 (2005)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory
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DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v12i2.846
In pregnant women especially in the third trimester, it is seldom that attention is paid to microorganism in the vagina. Many studies have reported about microorganism in the vagina which possibly can infect the foetus. This is due to the migration of bacterial colonization in the vagina to the foetus during labour, causing infection or sepsis in the foetus after delivery. To study the microorganism pattern in the vagina of pregnant women, pathogenic as well as normal flora of the vagina. If the microorganism is known, prevention or treatment before and after delivery can be applied. Population was recruited from pregnant women in the third trimester who visited The Maternity Outpatient Clinic, Dr. Soetomo Hospital from September until October 2005. Specimens from ostium of the cervix and posterior fornix of the vagina were collected in Amies media and examined in the Department of Clinical Pathology, Airlangga University/ Dr. Soetomo Hospital to detect any bacteria, fungi and parasites using direct method and culture. The microorganism pattern from 30 pregnant women consisted of non-haemolytic Streptococcus 25%, Escherichia coli 25%, Lactobacillus 35%, Staphylococcus aureus 10%, and Staphylococcus coagulase negative 5%. The result of fungi examination showed 14 (47%) samples with negative result and 16 (53%) samples with positive result (Candida sp). The pattern of microorganism was dominated by Lactobacillus and Candida sp but no parasites in the vagina were found.
PENGENDALIAN MUTU BIDANG MIKROBIOLOGI KLINIK
Prihatini Prihatini
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 12, No 2 (2005)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory
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DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v12i2.851
The quality control program in microbiology are procedures to identify microorganism,monitoring,to asses laboratory competencein handling clinical materials, other methods needed.QC is essential in bacteriology because nature, unlike clinical chemistry andhematology QC’s, because can’t compare with control value. The QC in microbiology include preparation of pra-analitics,analitics andpost-analitics which depending to personal, material,SOP and micoorganism Specimens, laboratory Instruments like incubators, freezer,autoclaves, must be good preparations. Examinations use control standard, monitoring all of themes periodically The laboratory resultswere recorded and evaluated as reference laboratory. The QC microbiology have been presented, they need large budgets to validity oflaboratory results.
DIAGNOSIS LABORATORIK FLU BURUNG (H5N1)
B. Mulyadi;
Prihatini Prihatini
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 12, No 2 (2005)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory
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DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v12i2.848
Pandemic of Avian influenzae (AI) cause outbreak in Asia including in Indonesia. Transmission of virus are caused by direct contactwith avian animals, swine poultry, horses or dogs to human, maybe could also happened between human being. Some victims of AIshowed signs and symptoms of repiratoric failure, such as:progresive respiratoric failure difuse, bilateral, infiltration and like ARDS(=acute respiratoric distress syndrome ). Beside those multiorgan failure which showed signs of renal disfunction, including cardiacdilatation and supraventricular tachyarrythmias.Other complications that may happened including ventilator- associated pneumoniae,pulmonary hemorrhage, pneumothorax, pancytopenia, Reye’s syndrome and sepsis syndrome without documented bacteremia.The illnessbegins abruptly acute, worse and manifested with high fever, myalgias, and non-productive cough frequently present in AI (H5N1)infections. This biblography study, consist of reviewing the screening examination such as serologic assay, exactly assay of viral cultureand RT-PCR. The results of this study may get the information which is sensitive and spesific for diagnosing the disease. In this caseshould be known the neccesity of some assays phases to assist the exact diagnosis of AI. AI disease spreading in poultry or migrationendemic area must be monitored.