Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pathology and Medical Laboratory (IJCPML)
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pathology and Medical Laboratory (IJCPML) is a journal published by “Association of Clinical Pathologist” professional association. This journal displays articles in the Clinical Pathology and Medical Laboratory scope. Clinical Pathology has a couple of subdivisions, namely: Clinical Chemistry, Hematology, Immunology and Serology, Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Hepatology, Cardiovascular, Endocrinology, Blood Transfusion, Nephrology, and Molecular Biology. Scientific articles of these topics, mainly emphasize on the laboratory examinations, pathophysiology, and pathogenesis in a disease.
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<![CDATA[LDL TEROKSIDASI DAN KEPADATAN MINERAL TULANG (Oxidized LDL Cholesterol and Bone Mineral Density) ]]>
<![CDATA[Sheila Febriana]]>;
<![CDATA[Yurdiansyah Yurdiansyah]]>;
<![CDATA[Siti Rafiah]]>;
<![CDATA[Ruland DN Pakasi]]>;
<![CDATA[Uleng Bahrun]]>
<![CDATA[ INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 22, No 1 (2015) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory ]]>
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DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v22i1.1224
<![CDATA[Osteoporosis is defined by low bone density and micro architectural deterioration of bone tissue with a consequent increase in bonefragility and risk of fracture. Bone Mineral Density (BMD) is a gold standard for the diagnosis of osteoporosis, which need special device,and expensive fee. So it is not routinely done, therefore another type of examination methods is needed. Oxidized LDL (oxLDL) cholesterolis the parameter correlated with diminished bone mineral density by affecting osteoblast and osteoclast. The aim of this study was toknow the role of oxLDL in diminished bone mineral density by analyzing it. Cross sectional study was held on 78 subjects during theperiod of October 2011 until June 2013 using the primary data from 30−60 years women population in Makassar, whose FPG, ALT,AST, urea and creatinine are within normal limit. Using oxLDL 6.8mU/L value as cut off, had found odds ratio increase 2.2 times with68.8% probability to suffer diminished BMD. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis show area under curve is 60.8%, using8.05mU/L as a cut off point resulting 68.8% sensitivity, 59.2% specifity, 76.1% positive predictive value, 50% negative predictive value,1.71 positive likelihood ratio, 0.53 negative likelihood ratio and 65.4% accuracy. Concluded that oxLDL ≥6.8mU/L increases risk tosuffer diminished BMD 2.2 times. As a diagnostic marker, oxLDL has a weak diagnostic strength and accuracy (68.8% sensitivity and59.2% specifity). The researchers have the opinion to perform a further study with larger and various population, concern on oxLDLbio availability and use it with another parameter as a panel test.]]>
<![CDATA[PEMERIKSAAN TINGKAT sdLDL SERUM SEBAGAI PETANDA DIAGNOSTIK STENOSIS KORONER (Serum sdLDL Level as A Diagnostic Marker of Coronary Stenosis) ]]>
<![CDATA[Indranila K Samsuria]]>;
<![CDATA[Laily Adninta]]>
<![CDATA[ INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 22, No 1 (2015) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory ]]>
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DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v22i1.1215
<![CDATA[Small dense LDL (sdLDL) is the LDL which particles are small and dense, it is pro-atherogenic. Increased levels of serum sdLDL areassociated with an increased risk of coronary stenosis. The aim of this study was to examine the diagnostic value of sd LDL in coronarystenosis. An analytical observational study with cross sectional approach was conducted at the Department of Clinical Pathology, MedicalFaculty of Diponegoro University/Dr. Kariadi Hospital and the Unit of Cardiac diseases during the period of March-October 2013. Thesubjects were 39 patients suspected of suffering a coronary stenosis. The diagnosis of coronary stenosis, degree of stenosis and numberof vascular stenosis was established at the time of cardiac catheterization. SdLDL assessment used a test kit. The statistical analysis usedwere unpaired t-test, Spearman correlation test, ROC analysis and diagnostic test. LDL levels in stenosis subjects, 35.4±9.01 mg/dL weresignificantly higher compared to levels in subjects that had no stenosis, 20.7±7.10 mg/dL (p<0.001; unpaired t-test). Correlation testresults showed a correlation between levels of serum sdLDL with severe degree of stenosis (correlation coefficient -0.64, p <0.001) and amoderate positive correlation between the number of vascular stenosis (Coefficient correlation 0.46; p=0.003; Spearman Correlation’sTest). The area under the curve of ROC was 0.9 (p <0.001). The cut off levels sdLDL were used to detect stenosis. The results showeda sensitivity of 85.2%, specificity of 75%, positive predictive value of 88.5%, negative predictive value of 69.2% and accuracy of 82%.Levels of serum sdLDL were associated with severe to extensive stenosis degree, and showed a good diagnostic value, thus, it can beused for screening to determine the presence of coronary stenosis.]]>
<![CDATA[NITRIT OKSIDA DAN VOLUME EDEMA OTAK PADA STROK PERDARAHAN DALAM OTAK DENGAN POLIMORFISME G894T (Nitric Oxide and Cerebral Edema Volume in Intracerebral Hemorrhagic Stroke with G894T Polymorphism) ]]>
<![CDATA[Iskandar Zakaria]]>;
<![CDATA[Arif Faisal]]>;
<![CDATA[Sri Sutarni]]>;
<![CDATA[Ahmad Hamim Sadewa]]>;
<![CDATA[Imran Imran]]>
<![CDATA[ INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 22, No 1 (2015) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory ]]>
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DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v22i1.1229
<![CDATA[Nitric Oxide (NO) is a vasodilator that regulates vascular smooth muscle tone. Low levels of NO can cause vasoconstriction andhemodynamic disturbances. In stroke the levels of NO are increased. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphism (eNOS) isbelieved to reduce levels of NO in blood. NO levels decreased in stroke patients with G894T polymorphisms of eNOS gene. Mortality rateof hemorrhagic stroke are increased in case with increased peri focal edema volume. The mechanism of the increased of peri focal edemavolume completely unknown yet, suspected genetics factor. This study was conducted to know the correlation between the NO and perifocal edema volume in stroke with eNOS gene G894T polymorphism by determination. The study was conducted by comparing the levelsof NO and edema volume of intra cerebral hemorrhagic stroke of 46 subjects from Neurology department of dr. Zainoel Abidin generalhospital in Banda Aceh from September 2014 through January 2015 with comparison to ischemic stroke patients the same amount.NO levels checked with Cayman Systems kit following the protocol Griess. G894T polymorphism was determined by PCR-RFLP method.The volume of edema was measured with semi-automatic CT volumetry. Chi Square test was used for comparison of two variables andSpearman correlation test to assess the relationship between the NO and perifocal edema volume. The result is significant, if p valuewas <0.05. The results of these study were levels of NO decreases if there were polymorphism (p=0.001). Peri focal edema volume wasincreased if there were G894T polymorphism (p=0.038). The correlation between low levels of NO and increase of edema volume wasobtained p=0.040 and R=0.304. The researchers concluded that in intra cerebral hemorrhagic stroke the level of NO were decreasedand peri focal edema volume increased if there was G894T polymorphism of eNOS gene. There was a less correlation between low levelsof NO and peri focal edema volume.]]>
<![CDATA[TURNAROUND TIME UJI COCOK SERASI DI PELAYANAN BANK DARAH (Turnaround Time Cross Match in the Blood Bank) ]]>
<![CDATA[Glent Nurtanio]]>;
<![CDATA[Rachmawati Muhiddin]]>;
<![CDATA[Mansyur Arif]]>
<![CDATA[ INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 22, No 1 (2015) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory ]]>
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DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v22i1.1220
<![CDATA[Turnaround Time (TAT) is the time between the blood request form arriving at the blood bank and when it is issued by the bloodbank. Blood Bank RSWS standard on the TAT of Stat blood service is <45 minutes and is regularly <60 minutes. The aim of this researchwas to know the TAT of blood services at the Blood Bank of the Dr Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar. The research was carriedout by cross sectional study between August until November 2013. The data were divided into two (2) categories, which were Stat andregular blood service. The blood service was divided into three (3) service times, morning (08:00–14:00), afternoon (14:00–21:00) andevening (21:00–08:00). The statistical method used was Independent Samples T Test. There were 1.366 blood services consisting of 831Stat blood service with average TAT about 37.15 minutes (82.9% complied to standard) and 535 regular blood service with averageTAT about 45.73 minutes (96.1% complied to standard). There were significant differences between morning and afternoon (p=0.000)and between afternoon and evening Stat TAT (p=0.003), but there was no significant difference between morning and evening StatTAT (p=0.196). No significant difference was found in regular TAT between the morning and afternoon session (p=0.915), as well asnoon and evening (p=0.490); and morning and evening session (p=0.428). The TAT blood service at the Dr. Wahidin SudirohusodoHospital Blood Bank which was carried out by gel method should shorten the waiting time of Stat and regular blood service, but not upto 100% yet. Based on this study, the researchers recommended to do some regulation changes in the blood service system especiallyfor the morning and evening Stat sessions.]]>
<![CDATA[ANALISIS KADAR SERUM FERITIN DI KARSINOMA PAYUDARA (Analysis of Ferritin Levels in Carcinoma Mammae) ]]>
<![CDATA[Sriwati Atjo]]>;
<![CDATA[Uleng Bahrun]]>;
<![CDATA[Hardjoeno Hardjoeno]]>
<![CDATA[ INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 22, No 1 (2015) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory ]]>
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DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v22i1.1219
<![CDATA[Carcinoma Mammae is a malignant disease originating from mammary parenchyma, and the second largest cause of death inthe world. Ferritin is a marker of neoplasia, which levels are increased in non-metastatic carcinoma mammae and more increased inmetastatic carcinoma mammae. This cross sectional study was conducted during June 2012 in carcinoma mammae patients of theWahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Ibnu Sina Hospital and Labuang Baji Hospital in Makassar. The aim of this study was to know theserum ferritin levels in metastatic and non-metastatic carcinoma mammae. In this study, 56 samples were obtained and grouped intometastatic and non-metastatic carcinoma mammae patients based on the Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM). Ferritin test was conductedby ECLIA method using Elecsys Analyzer Kit 2010 (Roche, USA). The study showed that the average ferritin concentration in advancedstage of carcinoma mammae (155.45 ng/mL) was higher than in the early stage (82.74 ng/m). The Mann Whitney test showed significantdifferences between the early and advanced stage (p=0.01), the median ferritin value in metastatic carcinoma mammae was higherthan non-metastatic (79.85 ng/mL). The Mann Whitney test showed significant differences between metastatic and non - metastaticcarcinoma mammae patients (p=0.00). Based on this study, it can be concluded, that ferritin levels can be used as a biomarker to predictthe progressivity of carcinoma mammae.]]>
<![CDATA[FUNGSI DAN PEMERIKSAAN LIMFOSIT γδT (Functions and Examination of γδT lymphocytes) ]]>
<![CDATA[Yulia Nadar Indrasari]]>;
<![CDATA[Jusak Nugraha]]>
<![CDATA[ INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 22, No 1 (2015) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory ]]>
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DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v22i1.1230
<![CDATA[T lymphocytes most have TCR α and β chains. However, TCR formed from γ and δ chains determine a new subset of T lymphocytes. γδTCR specific to different types of ligands, including bacterial phosphoantigen, nonclassical MHC-I molecules and unprocessed protein. γδT lymphocytes have several innate cell-like features that allow their early activation following the recognition of conserved stress-inducedligands. γδ T lymphocytes able to rapidly produce cytokines that regulate pathogen clearance, inflammation and tissue homeostasisin response to tissue stress. They are capable of generating more unique antigen receptors than γδ T lymphocytes and B lymphocytescombined, yet their repertoire of antigen receptors is dominated by specific subsets that recognize a limited number of antigens. A varietyof sometimes conflicting effectors functions have been ascribed to them, yet their biological functions remain unclear. Innate featuresof γδ T lymphocytes underlie their non-redundant role in several physiopathological contexts and are therefore being exploited in thedesign of new immunotherapeutic approaches. The purpose of writing is giving an overview in mainly functions of γδ T lymphocytes inthe immune system and laboratory tests that expand knowledge about the introduction of γδ T lymphocytes.]]>
<![CDATA[FCγII (CD32) MONOSIT DI INFEKSI DENGUE PRIMER DAN SEKUNDER {FcγRII (CD32) Monocytes in Primary and Secondary Dengue Infection} ]]>
<![CDATA[Umi S. Intansari]]>;
<![CDATA[Usi Sukorini]]>;
<![CDATA[Shanti Ika Sari]]>
<![CDATA[ INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 22, No 1 (2015) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory ]]>
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DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v22i1.1221
<![CDATA[Dengue infection is a major health problem in the world, including Indonesia. Clinical manifestations of dengue infection varywidely, from asymptomatic until dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Antibody Dependent Enhancement (ADE) hypothesis that states thatnon-neutralizing antibodies in secondary dengue infection may enhance dengue infection via Fcγ receptors is still controversial. Clinicalresearch shows that not all secondary infections manifest as DHF/DSS, but nearly all DHF/DSS cases are caused by secondary infection.Allegedly, the expression of Fcγ has an effect on this incident. This study is an observational analytical study with a cross sectional designto determine the expression of FcγRII (CD32) monocytes in patients with primary and secondary dengue infection. CD32 of monocyteswas measured using FACS Calibur with lyse no wash technique. Primary and secondary dengue infection were determined by IgM/IgGoptical density ratio using ELISA capture method. The ratio of IgM/IgG ≥1.2 was considered as primary infection, while the ratio <1.2was considered as secondary infection. Twenty primary and 32 secondary dengue infection patients in acute phase of dengue infectionpartisipated in this study. Expressions of Fcγ RII (CD32) monocytes were significantly lower in primary than secondary dengue infection(187.825±31.584 vs 218.598±43.414 MFI; p=0.008). CD32 expressions were higher in day 3 compared to day 4 of fever.]]>
<![CDATA[HUBUNGAN GLYCATED ALBUMIN DENGAN ANGKA BANDING KOLESTEROL LDL/LDH DI DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 (Association of Glycated Albumin with LDL/HDL Cholesterol Ratio in Type 2 Diabetics) ]]>
<![CDATA[Tiwik Eriskawati]]>;
<![CDATA[Tahono Tahono]]>;
<![CDATA[M.I. Diah. P]]>
<![CDATA[ INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 22, No 1 (2015) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory ]]>
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DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v22i1.1216
<![CDATA[Diabetes causes about 5% of all deaths globally each year. Glycated hemoglobin has been routinely used as a biomarker for long-termglycemic control. Glycated albumin is an intermediate glycemic marker, a potent atherogenic protein, which plays a role in developingatherosclerosis. LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio can be used to assess the risk of cardiovascular disease caused by impaired lipid metabolismin type 2 diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to know the association between GA and HbA1c with LDL/HDL cholesterol ratioin type 2 diabetic patients. The study was carried out by a cross sectional design. Eighty four type 2 diabetic patients admitted to theInternal Medicine Outpatient Clinic of the Dr. Moewardi Hospital who met the study inclusion criteria were studied. Linear Regressionand Chi Square tests were used to analyze the data, p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant, with the confidenceinterval of 95%. In this study, significant associations between GA and HbA1c with LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio (R=0629 and R=0.501,p=0.001) were found. Type 2 diabetic patients with GA ≥17% obtaining LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio >1.85 was 10.33 greater thanthose of with GA <17% (RP=10.33; CI 95%; 1.01–109.49; p=0.018). While type 2 diabetic patients with HbA1c ≥7% obtaining anLDL/HDL cholesterol ratio >1.85 was 12.76 greater than those with HbA1c <7%, but was statistically not significant (RP=12.76; CI95%; 0.66–245; p=0.017). Based on this study it can be concluded that GA can be used to predict LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio. Thus,GA is superior to HbA1c in predicting LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio.]]>
<![CDATA[NEOPTERIN DAN PEROKSIDA SERUM SEBAGAI PETANDA MAKROFAG TERAKTIVASI PADA TUBERKULOSIS PARU AKTIF DAN INDIVIDU BERKEBAHAYAAN TINGGI (Serum Neopterin and Peroxide As Marker of Activated Macrophages on Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Individuals At High Risk) ]]>
<![CDATA[I Nyoman Wande]]>;
<![CDATA[Ni Made Linawati]]>;
<![CDATA[I Made Bagiada]]>;
<![CDATA[IWP. Sutirta Yasa]]>;
<![CDATA[AAN. Subawa]]>
<![CDATA[ INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 22, No 1 (2015) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory ]]>
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DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v22i1.1227
<![CDATA[Failure of macrophages to phagocytize Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes the release of hydrogen peroxide/peroxide (H2O2) bythe activated macrophages. Neopterin is one of the most important markers in the activated macrophages. Neopterin is a pteridinederivative produced by the activated macrophages through the stimulation of interferon gamma. Increased levels of Neopterin has beenreported in lung tuberculosis. Activation of macrophages is essential to the development of tuberculosis infection that can lead to activepulmonary tuberculosis or latent tuberculosis, in this case is a high-risk for healthy individuals. To determine the differences in serumlevels of Neopterin and H2O2 between patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and healthy individuals at high risk of pulmonarytuberculosis. A total of 15 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and 15 healthy individuals at high risk examination serumNeopterin levels and peroxide (H2O2). Active pulmonary tuberculosis patients when the results of sputum smear examination chest x-raysis obtained positive results. Healthy individuals at high risk when the results of smear examination and chest x-rays is negative. Thelevel of Neopterin was examined using a double antibody sandwich immunoassay with Human neopterin (NEOP) ELISA Kit ® BioassayTechnology Laboratory. The level of peroxide was examined using quantitative colorimetric peroxidedetermination with QuantiChromTMPeroxide Assay Kit (DIOX-250)®. Neopterin serum levels between patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and healthy individualsat high-risk were analysed by independent samples t-test. H2O2 serum levels between patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis andhealthy individuals at high-risk were analysed with Mann Whitney Test. The confidence level is p <0.05. The mean Neopterin levelsin patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis was 5.17±4.64 nmol/L, the mean Neopterin levels in group of healthy individuals athigh risk was 3.97±1.79 nmol/L. Statistical analysis by the independent samples t-test found no significant differences between groupsin Neopterin serum levels of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and healthy individuals at high risk (p=0.357). The meanserum levels of H2O2 of group of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis was 26.38±3.00 μM, the mean levels of H2O2of group ofhealthy individuals at high risk of 20.69±4.46 μM. Statistical analysis with non-parametric Mann-Whitney Test was found significantdifference in the peroxide (H2O2) levels between groups of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and group of healthy individualat high-risk (p=0.000). The levels of Neopterin in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis was not significantly higher comparedto the healthy individuals of high risk. Levels of peroxide (H2O2) serum in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis was significantlyhigher compared to the group of healthy individuals at high risk. This shows that there is increased activity of macrophages in patientswith active pulmonary tuberculosis, but not effective in eliminating of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.]]>
<![CDATA[KLONING DAN OVEREKSPRESI PROTEIN P24-GAG HIV (Cloning and Overexpression P24-Gag of HIV) ]]>
<![CDATA[Efrida Efrida]]>;
<![CDATA[Andani Eka Putra]]>
<![CDATA[ INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 22, No 1 (2015) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory ]]>
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DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v22i1.1218
<![CDATA[HIV diagnosis is confirmed by viral culture, but this process takes a long time. Another method used to detect HIV-specific antigensor antibodies is by immunoassay. Generally, antigen-antibody based methods are used as a screening test. Based on the stability ofthe sequences found in the first (1) study year, the researchers designed this study for the production of p24 recombinant protein.These proteins will be developed as diagnostic markers based on sero-immunology technique. The aim of this study was to know theconstruction and over expression of protein p24gag from local isolates and analysis of the diagnostic potential of doing design specificprimers against p24gag protein, cloning and over expression of the gene, as well as to obtain a p24 protein that has been purified.This research results will be applied later to develop a method based on local isolates of HIV diagnosis. This research was a descriptivestudy, conducted over seven (7) months in the Biomedical Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University and Departmentof Clinical Pathology, Dr. M. Djamil Hospital, Padang. This study was carried out by using samples of local isolates originating fromthe first year of research. Stages of the research were: 1) the design of primers for cloning, amplification and sequencing, 2) cloninginto pDEST and pENT, 3) transformation of the target gene, 4) detection of fragment insertions, 5) protein expression and proteinanalysis by SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting and 6) purification. The conclusions of this study were: the design of specific primers againstp24gag protein used fragments attb1, attb2, Shine Delgano and Kozac effective for protein expression. The results showed that thepresence of protein 24kDa expression was identical to HIV p24gag protein. Further research needs to be conducted to identify potentialimmunological target protein.]]>
