Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pathology and Medical Laboratory (IJCPML)
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pathology and Medical Laboratory (IJCPML) is a journal published by “Association of Clinical Pathologist” professional association. This journal displays articles in the Clinical Pathology and Medical Laboratory scope. Clinical Pathology has a couple of subdivisions, namely: Clinical Chemistry, Hematology, Immunology and Serology, Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Hepatology, Cardiovascular, Endocrinology, Blood Transfusion, Nephrology, and Molecular Biology. Scientific articles of these topics, mainly emphasize on the laboratory examinations, pathophysiology, and pathogenesis in a disease.
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<![CDATA[Correlation between Serum Endocan and HbA1c in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients ]]>
<![CDATA[Catur Suci Sutrisnani]]>;
<![CDATA[Sidarti Soehita Satjadibrata]]>;
<![CDATA[Soebagijo Poegoeh Edijanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Anik Widijanti]]>;
<![CDATA[Haryudi Aji Cahyono]]>
<![CDATA[ INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 27, No 2 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory ]]>
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DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v27i2.1676
<![CDATA[Endothelial dysfunction is a key mechanism in the pathogenesis of complications of cardiovascular disease in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients. One of the new biomarkers for inflammatory conditions and endothelial dysfunction is endocan. This study aimed to determine the correlation between endocan levels and HbA1c in type 1 DM patients. This study was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional approach performed at the Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang from May to August 2019. The research subjects were children aged 10-18 years with a diagnosis of type 1 DM who met the inclusion criteria. Students who underwent routine health checks participated as the control group. In both groups, serum endocan levels were measured using the ELISA method and HbA1c levels were measured by the HPLC method. Independent T-test analysis was used to determine the differences between both groups and the Pearson test was used to determine the correlation between serum endocan and HbA1c with SPSS version 23. In this study, there were 40 type 1 DM patients and 40 healthy controls with a mean age of 14.5 (3.16) years in the type 1 DM group and 14.7 (0.99) years in the healthy control group. There was a higher number of female subjects in both the type 1 DM group (57.5%) and the healthy control group (65%). The mean endocan level in the type 1 DM group was higher than the control group and was statistically significant with 1090.61 (150.84) pg/mL vs. 775.56 (8.91) pg/mL, p=0.000). The mean value for HbA1c levels in the type 1 DM group was also significantly higher compared to the control group 9.63 (2.22%) vs. 4.69 (0.251%), p <0.001), respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between endocan levels and HbA1c in DM patients (p=0.025, r=0.354). This study showed a correlation between serum endocan levels and HbA1c in patients with type 1 DM.]]>
<![CDATA[Serum Beta-Trace Protein versus Glomerulus Filtration Rate as a Predictor for Kidney Function among Hypertensive Patients ]]>
<![CDATA[Ranisa Handayani]]>;
<![CDATA[Yuyun Widaningsih]]>;
<![CDATA[Fitriani Mangarengi]]>;
<![CDATA[Uleng Bahrun]]>
<![CDATA[ INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 27, No 2 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory ]]>
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DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v27i2.1618
<![CDATA[Beta-Trace Protein (BTP) is a low-molecular-weight glycoprotein that can convert prostaglandin H2 into prostaglandin D2 and is associated with the vascular function's alteration. Serum beta-trace protein has been proposed as a promising marker in predicting kidney function in hypertensive patients. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between BTP and glomerulus filtration rate, particularly in hypertensive patients. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 70 hypertensive participants admitted to Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital from July-August 2019. Beta-trace protein, serum urea, creatinine, blood pressure, and anthropometric were measured. The Glomerulus Filtration Rate (GFR) with Cockcroft Gault was graded using GFR stages. The hypertension was graded according to the category of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 2018. A descriptive test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Fisher exact test, Spearman correlation test, and logistic regression test were performed at a confidence level of 95%. Significant differences were found between the age, systole, diastole, blood urea, creatinine, and GFR (p=< 0.05). There was a significant difference between GFR and the degree of hypertension (p=< 0.001), but no differences were found in the mean value of BTP and the degree of hypertension (p=0.348). A significant negative correlation was found between GFR and BTP (p=0.028, r = -0.263). Logistic regression test s showed that the increased BTP led to 2.591 times greater possibility of end-stage renal disease with GFR < 15 mL/min/ 2 1.73 m (crude odds ratio 95% CI 1.168-5.475). Serum beta-trace protein possesses a prognostic ability of glomerulus filtration rate and can be used to predict the odd of end-stage renal disease in hypertensive patients.]]>
<![CDATA[Relationship between Serum Dehydroepiandrosterone Levels and Heart Ejection Fraction in Heart Failure Patients ]]>
<![CDATA[Rima Hayyu Chrisnanda]]>;
<![CDATA[M. Robiul Fuadi]]>;
<![CDATA[S.P. Edijanto]]>;
<![CDATA[M. Yusuf]]>
<![CDATA[ INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 27, No 2 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory ]]>
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DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v27i2.1664
<![CDATA[Cardiovascular disease is still a serious problem in the world of health. Life expectancy after being diagnosed with heartfailure is 50% and 10% for 5 and 10 years. Steroid hormones such as Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEAS) havecardioprotective effects by inhibiting the formation of atherosclerotic plaque, pulmonary artery vasodilators, and protectingcardiomyocytes. DHEAS levels decrease with age. Decreased DHEAS levels are associated with an increased risk ofcardiovascular disease. This study aimed to know the relationship between DHEAS levels in serum and ejection fractions inheart failure patients. This cross-sectional study used a sample of 34 people aged > 30 years who had been diagnosed withheart failure by a specialist in the Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine. The diagnosis of heart failure usesEchocardiography to determine the ejection heart fraction. DHEAS levels were taken from venous blood and examinedusing the CLEIA method with an IMMULITE device (Siemens Healthineers, Germany). Statistical analysis was performed bySpearman correlation test, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Thirty-four research subjects found that 13 patients had anejection fraction of 40% (Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction/HFrEF), 12 patients had an ejection fraction of 41-49%(borderline) and 9 patients had an ejection fraction of ≥ 50% (Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction/HFpEF).Spearman correlation test results obtained a correlation coefficient or r=0.357 with a value of p=0.038, which meant therewas a significant relationship between DHEAS with ejection fraction (p < 0.05). The lower the DHEAS level, the ejectionfraction would also be lower. Further with age, DHEAS levels get lower. The lower the DHEAS level, the lower the ejectionfraction.]]>
<![CDATA[Correlation between Ferritin Levels with Malondialdehyde and Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio on Iron Overload ]]>
<![CDATA[Imam Budiwiyono]]>;
<![CDATA[Purwanto AP]]>;
<![CDATA[Nyoman Suci Widyastiti]]>;
<![CDATA[Hadian Hadian]]>;
<![CDATA[Kusmiyati DK]]>
<![CDATA[ INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 27, No 2 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory ]]>
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DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v27i2.1675
<![CDATA[Thalassemia major is one of the types of thalassemia that need a routine blood transfusion. If not treated immediately, the patient will only last for 1-8 months. Blood transfusions performed at least or more than 10 times causes iron overload. Excess levels of Fe ions in the body will be stored in the form of ferritin. If the ferritin level is high, cell damage will occur in the presence of a fat peroxidation reaction or Malondialdehyde (MDA). Cell damage can trigger proinflammation, which increases neutrophil counts and decreases lymphocyte counts. The Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), which measures the ratio between Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) divided by Absolute Lymphocyte Count (ALC) with a manual peripheral blood picture. This study aimed to determine the correlation of ferritin levels with MDA and NLR in iron overload. This study used an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach, with samples were thalassemia patients who received repeated blood transfusions at the General Hospital Dr. R Soetrasno, Rembang City and Regional General Hospital Dr. R Soedjati, Grobogan Purwodadi. Inclusion criteria were age 10-18 years, transfusion 10-20 times, normal body temperature. Exclusion criteria were Fe therapy orally, leukocytosis, chronic kidney disease. In the MDA levels, there was no significant difference where p=0.25 by Spearman test. In the NLR there was no significant difference where p=0.91 by Spearman test. There is no correlation between ferritin levels with MDA and NLR in iron overload.]]>
<![CDATA[Antibiotics Susceptibility Pattern of MRSA at Intensive Care Room of Ulin General Hospital Banjarmasin ]]>
<![CDATA[Shania Indah Chineko]]>;
<![CDATA[Dewi Indah Noviana Pratiwi]]>;
<![CDATA[Rahmiati Rahmiati]]>;
<![CDATA[Noor Muthmainnah]]>;
<![CDATA[Alfi Yasmina]]>
<![CDATA[ INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 27, No 2 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory ]]>
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DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v27i2.1649
<![CDATA[Infection caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a healthcare-associated infection thatreceives the most significant attention worldwide due to its resistance. Administration of precise and rational antibiotics canprevent high MRSA rates in hospitals. This study aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of MRSA at theintensive care room of Ulin General Hospital, Banjarmasin, between 2016 and 2018. This study was an observational analyticstudy by taking the results of culture and antibiotic susceptibility pattern data of the MRSA isolated from patients treated atthe intensive care room retrospectively. The results showed 37 data of patients suffering from MRSA at the intensive careroom in 2016-2018, with a percentage of 23.81%, 25.81%, and 35.19%, respectively. The most common sources of MRSAisolate in this study were sputum (32.39%), blood (29.27%), and pus (16.67%). From 2016 to 2017, there was a decreasedsusceptibility to macrolide antibiotics, aminoglycosides such as Gentamicin, and quinolones such as Moxifloxacin. In 2018,there was an increased susceptibility pattern of some antibiotics compared to the previous period. Antibiotics with thehighest susceptibility in period of 2016-2018 were Linezolid, Quinupristin/Dalfopristin, Tigecycline, Nitrofurantoin, andTrimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole. Also, the antibiotic with the lowest susceptibility was Tetracycline. It was concluded thatthere had been changes in some antibiotics' susceptibility pattern to MRSA within 2016-2018.]]>
<![CDATA[Plasma Osteopontin Correlates with Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients ]]>
<![CDATA[Maria Diah Pramudianti]]>;
<![CDATA[Briggite Rina Aninda Sidharta]]>;
<![CDATA[Josua Sinambela]]>;
<![CDATA[Medityas Winda Krissinta]]>
<![CDATA[ INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 27, No 2 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory ]]>
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DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v27i2.1638
<![CDATA[Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to abnormal secretions and/or insulin activity. Osteopontin (OPN) is an important component of inflammation and insulin resistance, and vitamin D decreases insulin resistance. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between OPN and glycemic control and total 25-OH vitamin D in type 2 DM. An observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach was performed in Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, from May to September 2018. Plasma OPN levels were measured by a sandwich enzyme immunoassay kit from Elabscience 96T Human OPN (USA), and a total of 25-OH vitamin D was evaluated using the ELFA method from Biomerieux SA (France). Data were tested by Pearson correlation (r). Type 2 DM subjects consisted of 45 (54.2%) males and 38 (45.8%) females, 36 (43.45%) well- and 47 (56.65%) poorly-controlled. The average age was 56.81±9.76 years old. The mean of OPN level in poorly-controlled cases was significantly higher (20.27±3.20 ng/mL) than well-controlled ones (15.04±3.34 ng/mL) with p=0.001. There was no significant difference in total 25-OH vitamin D between well- and poorly-controlled groups (19.84±6.65 vs. 17.24±6.78 ng/mL, respectively, p=0.085). The correlation of OPN with glycemic control (fasting glucose, 2-hour post-prandial glucose, HbA1c) and total 25-OH vitamin D in all subjects with type 2 DM were r=0.241 (p=0.028), r=0.378 (p=0.0001) r=0.529 (p=0.0001) and r=-0.151 (p=0.173), respectively. This study suggested that plasma OPN level was correlated with glycemic control but not with serum total 25-OH vitamin D in type 2 DM. Further research was needed in populations of other types of DM and other research variables related to inflammation or insulin resistance.]]>
<![CDATA[C-Reactive Protein as A Fungal Infection Marker in Acute Leukemia Patients ]]>
<![CDATA[Brigitte Rina Aninda Sidharta]]>;
<![CDATA[JB. Suparyatmo]]>;
<![CDATA[Avanti Fitri Astuti]]>
<![CDATA[ INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 27, No 2 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory ]]>
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DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v27i2.1639
<![CDATA[Invasive Fungal Infections (IFIs) can cause serious problems in cancer patients and may result in high morbidity andmortality. C-reactive protein levels increase in response to injury, infection, and inflammation. C-reactive protein increasesin bacterial infections (mean of 32 mg/L) and in fungal infections (mean of 9 mg/L). This study aimed to determineC-Reactive Protein (CRP) as a marker of fungal infections in patients with acute leukemia by establishing cut-off values ofCRP. This study was an observational analytical study with a cross-sectional approach and was carried out at the Departmentof Clinical Pathology and Microbiology of Dr. Moewardi Hospital in Surakarta from May until August 2019. The inclusioncriteria were patients with acute leukemia who were willing to participate in this study, while exclusion criteria were patientswith liver disease. There were 61 samples consisting of 30 male and 31 female patients with ages ranging from 1 to 70 years.Fifty-four patients (88.5%) were diagnosed with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and 30 (49.18%) were in themaintenance phase. The risk factors found in those patients were neutropenia 50-1500 μL (23.8%), use of intravenous line(22%), and corticosteroid therapy for more than one week (20.9%). The median of CRP in the group of patients with positiveculture results was 11.20 mg/L (11.20-26.23 mg/L) and negative culture results in 0.38 mg/L (0.01-18.63 mg/L). The cut-offvalue of CRP using the Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) was 9.54 mg/L (area under curve 0.996 and p. 0.026), with a sensitivityof 100%, specificity of 93.2%, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of 33.3%, Negative Predictive Value (PPV) of 100%, PositiveLikelihood Ratio (PLR) of 1.08, Negative Likelihood Ratio (NLR) of 0 and accuracy of 93.4%. C-reactive protein can be used asa screening marker for fungal infections in patients with acute leukemia.]]>
<![CDATA[Interleukin-34 and Disease Activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients ]]>
<![CDATA[Rizki Luly Ya Fatwa Pulungan]]>;
<![CDATA[Ratna Akbari Ganie]]>;
<![CDATA[Zuhrial Zubir]]>
<![CDATA[ INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 27, No 2 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory ]]>
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DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v27i2.1636
<![CDATA[Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by exacerbation and remission, which needs close monitoring ofthe disease activity. Systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity can be determined by the SLE Disease Activity Index(SLEDAI) score. Evaluation of the disease activity is essential to be a guidance for treatment. Interleukin-34 (IL-34) is relatedto the pathogenesis of SLE. Serum IL-34 can be a candidate marker to evaluate SLE disease activity, and it is correlated withthe SLEDAI score. This study aimed to determine the correlation between IL-34 level and disease activity in SLE patientsbased on the SLEDAI (Mex-SLEDAI) score. An observational analytical study with a cross-sectional design was carried out insix months (June-November 2019) in 27 SLE patients in the Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, SumateraUtara University/Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan. Systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity was measured basedon the Mex-SLEDAI score. Serum and urine were collected to obtain the Mex-SLEDAI score and IL-34 level. IL-34 level wasmeasured in all subjects by using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Spearman correlation test was used todetermine the correlation between IL-34 level and disease activity in SLE patients based on the SLEDAI (Mex-SLEDAI) score.There was a significant correlation between IL-34 level and disease activity in SLE patients based on SLEDAI (Mex-SLEDAI)score (r=0.965, p < 0.001). Further studies were needed with a sample of SLE patients in a balanced proportion based ontheir disease activity to obtain representative IL-34 levels in SLE patients based on their disease activity.]]>
<![CDATA[Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium falciparum Glutamate Rich Protein in Patients Attending the Merauke Hospital in Papua Province, Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Thomas Tandi Manu]]>;
<![CDATA[Puspa Wardhani]]>;
<![CDATA[Heny Arwati]]>;
<![CDATA[Aryati Aryati]]>
<![CDATA[ INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 27, No 2 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory ]]>
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DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v27i2.1662
<![CDATA[Malaria remains an important health problem in Indonesia with the highest transmission in Papua Province, an easternpart of this country. The genetic diversity of malaria parasites is the main problem in understanding several aspects ofmalaria infections and the dynamics of their transmission, which also play a role in the development of a vaccine.Plasmodium falciparum is the deadliest of the human malaria parasites. Plasmodium falciparum glutamate-rich protein(Pfglurp) is one of the many erythrocytic stages antigens currently under development for a vaccine. The Pfglurp gene hasbeen extensively used as a marker to investigate the genetic diversity, Multiplicity of Infection (MOI), the level of malariatransmission, immunity against malaria, as well as a discriminatory instrument to distinguish new from recrudescentinfections of the field parasite population. Thus, this genotyping study aimed to find out the genetic population ofP.falciparum at the Merauke District, Province of Papua, Indonesia. DNA samples were isolated from Dried Blood Spots(DBS) obtained from P.falciparum infected patients in the Regional Public Hospital of Merauke, Province of Papua, Indonesiaduring May 2019-July 2019. The isolated DNAs were then amplified for nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) prior toPfglurp genotyping. The glurp gene was identified in all 51 DBS samples of P.falciparum-infected patients, and 18 variants ofallele were found. Among them, 45.10% were found to bear multigenotype infections. The size of the dominant allele(12.5%) was 701-750 bp. The MOI was 1.58. The genetic population of P.falciparum in Merauke Hospital has contained ahigher percentage of multigenotypes compared with monogenotypes indicating the high transmission of malaria in thestudied area.]]>
<![CDATA[Relationship between Protein C and Antithrombin Levels with SOFA Score in Sepsis ]]>
<![CDATA[Nurma Sheila]]>;
<![CDATA[Adi Koesoema Aman]]>;
<![CDATA[Achsanuddin Hanafie]]>
<![CDATA[ INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 27, No 2 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory ]]>
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DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v27i2.1731
<![CDATA[Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by the failure of the host's response against infection. Organdysfunction in sepsis can be represented by an acute change in the SOFA score > 2 points as a consequence of infection.Proinflammatory cytokines in sepsis activate the coagulation cascade and cause a decrease in protein C and antithrombin III.This study aimed to determine protein C and antithrombin III levels in sepsis patients and their relationship with SOFA score.This study was an analytical study with a prospective cohort design. The subjects of this study were sepsis patients at AdamMalik General Hospital, Medan. Protein C, antithrombin III, and SOFA score were tested twice (first day and third day), andthe relationship between protein C and antithrombin III with SOFA score was analyzed. From 33 samples, it was found thatprotein C and antithrombin III levels were lower in sepsis patients. There was a significant negative correlation betweenprotein C and SOFA score on the first day (r= -0.502, p= 0.003), but no significant correlation was found on the third day.There was a significant negative correlation between antithrombin III and SOFA score on the first day (r= -0.513, p=0.002),but no significant correlation was found on the third day. It was concluded that there was a significant relationship betweenprotein C and antithrombin III with SOFA score on the first day of sepsis patients.]]>
